Rwokuzvarwa radioactivity

Natural radioactivity aripo kwose kwose muupenyu hwedu, ndiko chikamu kwevanhu kwezvakatipoteredza. Fani iyi yakawanikwa 1896 maererano French musayendisiti Becquerel nezita, akawana kwaibva rwokuzvarwa radioactivity netsaona munguva kuedza musi zvinokonzerwa pamusoro Photographic mundiro, iyo wakaputirwa papepa dema, pane fluorescent zingi sulfide.

Ndeipi zvakasikirwa radioactivity? kuchinja uku the Atomic nuclei chete namakemikari chinhu musimboti maatomu imwe maatomu akafanana. Izvi anogara pamwe radioactive nemwaranzi. nomupiro Great kuti kudzidza nyaya iyi akaita chinoshamisa yefizikisi Marie Sklodowska-Curie. Zvakanga iye uyo muna 1898 akawana okunze Radium uye polonium.

Yefizikisi vakaratidza kuti zvakasikwa radioactivity haritorwi kuchinja pasi pokudzora nechitarisiko ezvinhu. Rinogona mhando mbiri: Purotoni, uye miviri-hwepurotoni.

Chinosanganisira dzinongoitika radioactivity ari anoverengeka zvinoriumba. Idzi dzinosanganisira: iri yepasi pose nemwaranzi, radioactive zvinhu achigara munyika, uyewo kupisa kupi riri zvokuvakisa, zvokudya uye mvura.

iwe kana overenga munhu chikamu, ipapo yepanyama radioactivity inogona achimiririrwa sezvinotevera: 73% - nokuda simba rwokuzvarwa mwaranzi zvinyorwa kuti kwose kwose zvakatipoteredza, 13% - zvinoumbwa kuburikidza kurapwa (chikuru chinokosha X-ray), uye 14% of mwaranzi nezvokuvandudzika nemwaranzi kubva muchadenga.

Solar nemwaranzi ane simba rakakura, asi zvisinei kubva Earth kudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza, kunonyanya daro kubva panyika, akasimba migumisiro yepasi pose mwaranzi. Masayendisiti akaona doubling yayo chiito pashure 1000 mamita. Somuenzaniso, kana ndege ndege kana anokwira anenge 10,000 metres, nokuita kuti mwaranzi pamwero ari kabhini kwazvo rwokuzvarwa anenge 10 nguva.

Kupenya, iyo nguva nenguva kuoneka muna Sun, ariwo chinoumba simba "rwokuzvarwa" nechekumashure nemwaranzi. Zvinotevera zvinokonzera - nayo inoramba inova chikamu zvokuvakisa, namatongo kubva marasha combustion, uye phosphate fetiraiza.

Sezvo vakaparadzira padanho rwokuzvarwa radioactivity panyika? Masayendisiti akaverenga kuti zvinyamusi iri uwandu 5 -20 Micro-rontgen paawa. Panguva iyo mubvunzo pamberi vanhu unomuka, sei zvinokuvadza munhu akadaro upenyu vanhu vagere redu.

On nyaya iyi, vachiti masayendisiti hwakakanyiwa. Vamwe vanodavira kuti kukuvara kubva nemwaranzi riri kunyora nezvavo, vamwewo vanoti zvakunokonzera kwazvo chirwere uye kunotouraya, asi zviri zvikuru pachena kuti nyaya iyi zvinoda kutsvakurudza zvimwe.

Sezvineiwo kuchinja nechekumashure nemwaranzi munhu kushanda asingagoni, saka unofanira uzvidzivirire migumisiro kunaka zvinoita kuti kusapfuudza bvumidzwa tsika.

Vamapoka radioactivity:

• 1 rem = 0.01 Sv;
• 1 mrem = 0.01 milli Sievert.

Yepasi pose nemwaranzi kwakafanana ane wepagore dose 30 mrem (300 Sv), asi Somuenzaniso, panenge 10 km nemwaranzi dose achava 100 nguva zvikuru. Padanho nemwaranzi rakasiyana mumakondinendi siyana uye mumwe nomumwe kunyika. Ndiye 30, muFrance, US uye Japan - 60 millirem pagore. The Vagari akabudirira nyika idzi pagore anogamuchira 100-150 mrem nemwaranzi nokuda yaivapo background. MuRussia, ichi nhamba Avharenji 65 mrem / gore.

Nzira iyo anwa radioactive zvinhu zvinogona siyana chaizvo. Vakawanda vavo, kuburikidza mumapapu, nezvokudya, kuburikidza ganda kubudikidza Absorção de Água. Inosimudzira radioactivity kwakakanganisa kunokanganisa muviri womunhu. Ngozi zvinhu anoparadzirwa zvakaenzana yose muviri rechipfuwo. Kana isu kufunga mabhuku ose radionuclides, chegore negore munhu dose Paavhareji ndiyo 135 mrem.