Radioactivity, marudzi ayo uye ngozi kuti munhu

Radioactive nemwaranzi rakakamurwa mhando dzakasiyana. The chikuru Kufanana ndechokuti vose mukuru-simba, ratidza zvipenyu mugumisiro ionization kwemigumisiro, zvichiteverwa nemakemikari ari hurongwa masero mapenyu, zvichikonzera rufu rwavo. pfungwa dzedu musaonesesa ionizing nemwaranzi: isu havaruoni, havanzwi uye havanzwi migumisiro iri miviri yedu.

Radioactive nemwaranzi zvine mhosva uye uncharged nezvimedu uye photons. The Vagari panyika vanosangana navo zuva nezuva. Chokutanga nechekumashure nemwaranzi, iro rinoumbwa matatu zvinoriumba:

- yepasi pose nemwaranzi kuuya Nyika kubva muchadenga;

- nemwaranzi kubva dzinongoitika radionuclides zvokuvakisa, mhepo uye mvura;

- ionizing nemwaranzi kubva dzinongoitika zvinhu kuti apinde miviri yedu nezvokudya nemvura, wakaiswa zvinyama uye uchingounganidza mumuviri upenyu.

Man, uyezve, pachena kuti chakagadzirwa nemwaranzi, iro zvikuru kushandiswa National upfumi. Mune zvokurapa, Somuenzaniso, ionizing nemwaranzi unoshandiswa nevakawanda zvikuru.

Radioactivity uye mhando yayo

Kuti adzivirire zvinobudirira pamusoro ionizing nemwaranzi, vanofanira kuva anonyatsoziva pakubhadhara ake uye zvivako. The nemwaranzi inogona mapoka mapoka maviri makuru: remagetsi uye corpuscular.

X-ray uye g-nemwaranzi anonzi zvakawanda remagetsi mafungu, vari akaronga kuti redhiyo mafungu, chiedza uye ultraviolet mwaranzi. Vakasiyana chete wavelength. Pfupi wavelength uye maererano, soro kakawanda remagetsi mafungu chakarondedzera pamusoro remagetsi mafungu ndezvaJehovha G- uye X-ray nemwaranzi. Aine mapfupi wavelength, yepamusoro simba nemwaranzi, uyewo kupinda kugona.

Sun - panobva kuti maekisirei vari zvishoma yokuita zvinoitwa Wepasi muchadenga. Vanewo kunotangira vamwe mano (boosters) nokuti chirwere wevarwere.

Wegamma mwaranzi anobudiswa neZvapupu zvenyukireya siyana uye kuora pamusoro radioactive zvinhu. It nyore ichipfuura dzemuviri.

Beta nemwaranzi anonzi chekubuda maerekitironi uye positrons, ayo zvokutanga nezvimedu vari kunaka (maerekitironi) kana zvakanaka (positron) mutariri. Ivo muka kubva radioactive kuora kuti nuclei mu maatomu uye chaibwinya kwazviri. Anogona kupinda nomumvura rukoko ane Ukobvu 1-2 cm. Irradiation Beta nezvimedu dzimwe nzvimbo zvarairwa kuumbwa nemwaranzi kutsva, uye kana anwa zvokudya, mvura uye mhepo nokufumura kunoitika mumuviri uye zvinotungamirira chakakura kukuvara nemwaranzi.

Alpha nemwaranzi anonzi chekubuda chokwadi mhosva inorema inoramba kuti vari zvairema kupfuura Beta nezvimedu 7300 nguva. nezvimedu aya chaibwinya ari kuora panguva zvimwe zvinhu, asi pane mukuru ionizing kukwanisa munhumbi zvinyama yevanhu vashoma kudzika, bata chete ganda pamusoro. Plain bepa kudzivirira zvazvinokonzera.

Neutrons - haina Zvisinei kutakura nokubatira PARTICIPLE, kana njodzi zvinokosha, ane simba rakapinza simba. Kubva Nyuturoni nemwaranzi zvinodzivirira zvinhu zvine rehydrogen (Paraffin, polyethylene).

Biological migumisiro nemwaranzi

matanho All kudzivirira matambudziko ionization, kwakavakirwa pazivo zvivako imwe mhando nemwaranzi, ravo simba rakapinza.

The nemwaranzi zvainoita muviri sezvinotevera.

• Ionizing nemwaranzi iri achinyengera nenzira iyoyo haina akanzwa. Dosimeters - rudzi mimwe mitumbi, izvo aida kuti manzwisisire nemwaranzi.
• Yakajeka maronda ganda, zvakawanda zvive, runowanzoitika nemwaranzi kurwara, haamo pakarepo, asi chete pashure nguva; dose vakapedzisa yakavanzwa.