Palmitic acid. Properties, production, application

Palmitic acid (inozivikanwawo sehexadecanoic acid) inokwana monobasic carboxylic (mafuta) acid. Yakawanda zvikuru mumasikirwo. Ichi chinhu chakatanga kuwanikwa mumichindwe mafuta. Esters nemarita easiti ino anonzi miti yemichindwe. Ether ethers yeaidhi iyi inonzi crystalline uye yakafanana yakisi. Icho chinokonzerwa nemakemikari inotevera: CH3 (CH2) 14COOH. Uye iyo yakagadzirwa nayo inonzi: C16H32O2.

Kuwanikwa kwepalmitic acid muzvisikwa

Izvi zvinowanikwa mukuumbwa kweglycerides yemafuta akawanda emafuta nemafuta emhuka. Semuenzaniso, mafuta e soya ane 6.5%, mafuta emutimu - 38-47%, maronda - 30%. Mukuwedzera, hexadecanoic acid ndiyo chikamu chemamwe makumbo: sperm whale rine 90% cetyl ether hexadecanoic acid, uye mumasesek anenge 30% ye myristyl ether yayo. Mune mhuka dzakasikwa, palmitic acid ndiyo chigumo chekupedzisira kwehuwandu hwemafuta acids kubva kuAcetyl-CoA.

Mune chimiro che glyceride, hexadecanoic acid inowanikwa mumichindwe yemafuta, mumafuta emichero emuNorth America neChinese michero Croton sebiferum uye Stillinga sebifera, muRhus succedanea mbeu (mune wax), mu myicone wax kubva kuMyrica cerifera berries, mu lanolin. Mune rusununguko rwenyika palmitic acid inowanikwa mumbeu yepuririka, mu spores yeLycopodium uye mu cadaver wax (ndiyo chikamu chikuru).

Zvisikwa zvemuti palmitic acid:

1. Chimiro (pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadai) - isina makristuru.

2. Nhamba yemasera yakaenzana ne256, 43 g / mol.

3. Uwandu hunoita 0.841 g / cm³.

Kupisa zvinhu zve palmitic acid:

1. Nzvimbo yakanyunguduka ndeye 62.9 ° C.

2. Chibiro chacho chiri 105 ° C (pa 0.01 mm Hg) uye 167 ° C (pa 1 mm Hg).

3. Pasi inonzi 192 ° C.

4. Malar kupisa simba (pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu) ndiwo 460 J / (mol · K).

Ndezvipi makemikari ye hexadecanoic acid?

1. Kuvhara mvura mumvura kune 0.0007 (pa20 ° C).

2. Kubika muethanol kunosvika 2600 (pa7.2 ° C).

3. Palmitic acid inonyanya kushandiswa mu benzene uye acetone.

Optical properties of palmitic acid:

1. Mutsara wokudhinda ndewe 1.4219.

Kugadzirira kwe palmitic acid

Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:

1. Kupinda muchikamu chekristalllization kana kutizve kugadziriswa kubva musanganiswa wemafuta acid ayo akawanikwa nesafonification yemafuta kana kusvibiswa kweparafini.

2. Nokupisa cetyl doro negorosi sodium kusvika ku 270 ° C (Stas naDumas).

C16H33OH (cetyl alcohol) + O2 (okisijeni) = C15H31COOH + H2O (mvura)

3. Paunenge uchinyunguduka (oleic) acid ne sodium hydroxide:

CH3 (CH2) 7CH (oleic acid) = CH (CH2) 7COOH + H2O (mvura) + O = C15H31COOH (palmitic acid, formula) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

4. Apo asidi yakasanganiswa ne nitric 2-octodecanone:

CH3 (CH2) 15-CO-CH3 + 3O (okisijeni) = C15H31COOH (hexadecanoic acid) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

5. Izvi zvinogonawo kugadzirwa nemaitiro e-cyanide maitiro kubva kuododhi yepentadecyl alcohol:

C15H31J + KCN (cyanidhi ekamu) = KJ + C15H31-CN;

C15H31-CN (cyanide ekamu) + 2H2O (mvura) = C15H31COOH (iyo inogadzirwa) + NH3

Where is palmitic acid used?

1. Chimwe chinhu chatinenge tichichifunga chinoshandiswa pakugadzira napalm, stearin (yakasanganiswa pamwe ne stearic acid), zvipfeko zve opaque uye zvinokonzera zvakasiyana-siyana, plasticizers uye mafuta anozora. Mune teknolojia, iyo asidi inoshandiswa kuita makenduru.

2. Calcium palmitate inoshandiswa sechikamu chemuumbi wekudzivirirwa pakusana kwemvura uye mvura (hydrophobization) yeganda, matukisi akasiyana-siyana, matanda, opaque zvipfeko uye zvinoronga zvipfeko.

3. Uyewo yakashandiswa uye palmitate sodium senhengo (thickener) chimbudzi uye mbesa yekuchenesa, emulsifier, sechikamu chekugadzira zvipfeko.

4. Methyl palmitate inodiwa kuti iite palmitic acid uye zvimwe zvayo inogadzirwa, hexadecanol. Uyewo ichi chinhu chinoshandiswa sekunaka kwezvinhu zvekudya.

5. Pakupedzisira, munyu unotungamirira we hexadecanoic acid yakashandiswa pakubudisa mishonga yemishonga.