Anatomy yemabvi akabatanidzwa. Zvikwata zvebvi rakabatanidzwa

Anatomy yemabvi akabatana (Sinelnikov RD nevamwe vanyori vanozviona zvakakwana zvakakwana) pane zvakaoma. Ichi chirevo mumutumbi wemunhu chinosanganisira zvikamu zvakawanda. Kubatana kunotora pamitoro yakaoma kwazvo, kugovera uremu, dzimwe nguva dzakapfuura kupfuura zvayo. Izvo zvakaoma zvekubatana ndezvikonzero zvezvikamu zvaro. Aya ndiwo mapfupa makuru emakumbo ezasi.

Mukuumbwa kwebatanidzwa kunosanganisira mapfupa matatu. Iyo inobatanidza nemichina ine simba, iyo inosanganisira capsule yejoka, ligaments uye synovial zvikwama. Zvose zvakabatanidzwa zvinotungamira nekubatsirwa kwemisungo yemakumbo.

Chimiro chemabvi akabatanidzwa

Mabvi ane mapfupa matatu, mishonga inotsigira kufamba kwayo, nharo dzinoguma nemidziyo yeropa, menisci, cruciate ligaments. Urongwa hwakaoma hwakadaro hunokonzerwa nemitoro yakakwirira. Utsi hwemabvi akabatana hunotipa hunyaradzo hukuru kana uchifamba pamagumo maviri. Mumakungwa, chimiro chacho chiri nyore kwazvo nekuda kwekuvapo kwemakumbo mana.

Pasi pemukadzi (condyle) ndiyo ellipsoid. Iyo condyle yepakati ine chinyanyiso chakanyanya kudarika chinonzi lateral. Pakati pe condyles kune nzvimbo yepamusoro. Inowanikwa munharaunda yepakati yemukadzi uye inoparadzaniswa ne-vertical groove mudiki mukati uye yakakura kunze kwenzvimbo. Izvo zvakabatanidzwa kumashure ekupedzisira articular we patella.

Izvo zvinyorwa zve-condyles zvishoma zvishoma uye hazvifananisi nekunamatira uye kuputika kwemadzimai emukadzi. Pasinei nokusawirirana uku, muchengeti wepakati (mukati nekunze menisci) akaenzanisa.

Mabasa uye kufamba

Mabvi akabatanidza anogona kuita zvinotevera: kufamba, kutenderera uye kutenderera. Chimiro chekubatana ndicho chimiro. Apo meniscus isingabatsiri, iyo inomanikidzwa, inosunungurwa kana yakaiswa. Pamusana pekuti zvibato zvakasununguka zvakasununguka munzvimbo iyi, uye maonero avo okubatanidza ari pedyo nekukwanisa kune mumwe nemumwe, kune mukana wekufamba-kutenderera.

Apo shank inotenderera mukati, kufamba kunogadziriswa nemuchinjikwa, kana vachienda kunze, vanozorora, uye hukuru hunongogumira kune zvakasara.

Menisci

Maitiro emabvi akabatanidzwa ave nemakore akawanda ari kudzidza chimiro uye basa re meniscus, sezvo kushungurudzika kunosangana navo kwakajairika.

Menisci mahedheni echetralral cartilaginous, akaomeswa kubva kunze (akabatanidzwa ne-articular capsule), mukati akatarisana nechokubatanidza uye akatarisa. Pamusoro pezvo vari concave, vakapwanyika kubva pasi. Kubva kumativi ekunze, kutenderera kwemashure ekumusoro kwetibial condyles kunodzokororwa.

Izvozvo zvinonzi meniscus zvakafanana zvakafanana nechepamusoro penharaunda, uye miviri yakafanana yakafanana nemashizha edzimai.

Chigadziro chepandeti yepamusoro chinotangira kubva mberi (kushandisa shanduro inopfurikidza yemabvi) uye kubva kumashure kusvika ku tibia (kukwirira kwemakiromitare).

The main ligaments

Mutsara wechidiki wemabvi akabatanidza nguva dzose inorondedzera mitsetse yakakosha (anterior uye posterior) iyo yakananga mumabvi. Zvinonzi intracapsular ligaments.

Mukuwedzera, pane hurumende inobata (medial and lateral) mubatanidzwa. Izvo zvinonziwo "extra-capsular ligaments", sezvo dziri kunze kwejoina capsule.

Zvimwe-zvinonzi capsular ligaments zvinomiririrwa ne tibial uye fibular collateral ligaments. Dzinotanga ne-medial and lateral epicondyle ye femur uye inosungirirwa kune epiphysis yakakwirira ye tibia uye nechokunze kwemafuro, maererano. Zvose izvi zvakabatana ne capsule yejoka.

Intracapsular ligaments, anterior uye posterior cruciate, tanga pamukati mukati memvura yakasvibiswa uye yakasvibirira yechidya, enda mberi uye mukati (pasi nechomukati), inowanikwa kune anterior uye posterior tibial bone, maererano.

Kutsigira ligaments

Topographic anatomy yemabvi akabatanidzwa, kuwedzera kune intraarticular uye yakasiyana-siyana, inodzidzawo mamwe magwaro.

Iyo patellar ligament ndiyo mhando yechitsauko 4-ch chemuhudyu wehudyu, iyo inobva kumusoro kumusoro, inosvika patella, inoiputira uye inoenderera mberi kune tibia. Nzira dzomukati dzinotenderera kumativi uye dzinotungamirirwa kubva ku patella kusvika kune miviri uye yepamusoro-soro yei tibia. Dzinoumba kunze uye mukati kunotsigira patellar patches.

Iko kunewo zvigaro zvisinganzwisisiki mukutsigira patella ye patella, iyo inowanikwa kune epicondyle yemukadzi. Basa rekusimbisa midzi ndeyokubata patella munzvimbo inoda.

Pamberi kweiyo capsule articular inosimbiswa oblique popliteal ligament. Inotanga kubva ku-condyle ye tibia uye inosungirirwa nevakadzikadzi condyle, ichipa chikamu chematombo ejoini capsule. Iro ligament inotora chikamu chezvimedu kubva kune tambo yezvinyuchi zvechiuno, izvo zvinobva pamusana wemasimmous.

Iyo arched popliteal ligament inobatanidzwawo mukuchengetedzwa kwepatella. Inotanga kubva kumapfupa evakadzi nehutura, uye inobatanidzwa kune tibia. Iro ligament inotanga uye inopera pa lateral condyles.

Mutsara unotenderera wemabvi unobatanidza menisci mberi kwavo mberi.

Inonzi meniscus ligament anterior inotangira kubva kune anterior chikamu chemukati meniscus, kumusoro nekunze, kune the lateral condyle yehudyu.

Izvozvo zvinonzi meniscus ligament zvinotangira kubva kumucheto wokumucheto kwemeniscus outer, inofanira kunge ichikwira uye mukati, kune chimiro chemukati chehudyu.

Iko kubvumira kubatana kunoshanda semubatanidzwa wakagadzika, uye uri munzvimbo yakareba. Mamiriro emabvi akabatanidza anobvumira kuenderera kumatanho ekutenderera munzvimbo yakamira.

Joint Capsule

Iyo joint joint capsule inowanikwa pamapfupa matatu matatu anobatanidzwa pakuumbwa kwejoka.

Kumudzimai, chibatanidzwa chinowanikwa pasi pe epicondyle, kusvika kune-tibial - pamwe chete nepamusoro pepamusoro, kune patella - pamwe chete nepamusoro payo.

Iyo synovial membrane inobatanidza nzvimbo yekubatanidza yemapfupa kusvika kumakumbo uye kuisa mitsetse yakakosha. Mukuwedzera kune zvakarongeka, sarumani inoumba huwandu hwe synovial villi nemapanga.

Mhando dzakawanda dzakagadzirwa ndiyo pterygoids. Vanokwira kumativi e patella. Uye iwo ane podadikolennik muviri wakakora pakati pemashizha avo.

Iyo podnikolennikovaya synovial fold iri pasi pefupa pachayo, ndiko kupfuurira kwepterygoid mapanga. Iyo inobva kumusoro kwepatella, inopinda muvharo yakabatana, inosungirirwa kune anterior marginal of the fossa, pakati pemikiritsi yemukadzi.

Synovial zvikwama zvemabvi akabatanidzwa: kutomy uye chimiro

Mabheji akabatanidzwa makapule anogadzira masaga akawanda e synovial. Vanogona kunge vari munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemasumbu nematendon, avete mukati uye pakati pavo. Synovial zvikwama zvinogona kuwanikwa pakati pemapfupa nemirasi.

Tsika yechitsauko 4-ch chechiuno chehudyu uye anterior surface ye patella inomira pasi peputi pre-tufted bag.

A patellar patch uye tibia inoumba yakadzika patellar synovial bag pakati pomumwe nomumwe. Dzimwe nguva inobatana nechepamusoro pemabvi akabatanidzwa uye yakaparadzana kubva nayo nehupamhi hwemafuta.

Idzi ndidzo dzinoshandiswa nemasikirwo emakona emabvi akabatanidzwa.

Goose gumbo ramabvi akabatanidzwa: kutomy uye nzvimbo

Nokuda kwekushanda kwemaviro akafanana, kune misi miviri inogona kugoverwa nenzvimbo yavo:

• Icho chinonzi anterior pamusoro pehudyu ndeye musikana we quadriceps.
• Ikoko shure kwepamusoro kwechikadzi kune biceps, semisuscular, semimbrbrous.
• Iko mukati mehudyu ndeyembe, yakaonda, yakareba, yakareba, inotungamirira musumbu, musungo wemuzinga.

Pamuganhu wezasi kune nzvimbo iyo misungo mitatu yehudyu yakabatanidzwa - yakafanana, semi-tendon uye yakaonda. Munzvimbo ino gumbo-gumbo rinoumbwa, uko bhegi re synovial iripo.

Kukuvara kumabvi akabatanidzwa

Kukuvadza kwemabvu chinhu chinowanzoitika. Kuti uongorore chinokonzera marwadzo mubatanidzwa, chiremba kakawanda anogadza MRI. Nhengo yemabvi akabatanidzwa (mapfupa, magamente, misi, mitsetse, nezvimwewo) inoonekwa mumufananidzo, izvo zvichatibvumira kuziva chikonzero chekushushikana kusingafadzi.

Kazhinji kakuvara kwemabvi kunogamuchirwa nevatambi, pamwe nevaya vane basa rinobatanidzwa nemabasa epanyama. Kuti uderedze njodzi yekukuvara kumabvi, iwe unoda kugara uchisimbisa masumbu nemirasi. Ita zvidzidzo zvisiri nyore kubva kujoina gymnastics, nguva dzose unwe mavitamini nemaminerari zvinokwana. Zvose izvi zviyero zvinobatsira kusimbisa mabheji pamwe chete nemisungo inoitungamirira.