Rokuzvidzivirira

Panovhurwa mumasero zvirwere (1887) rokutanga - phagocyte (macrophage) - ndezvaiye I. I. Mechnikovu. Phagocytosis (Absorção de Água dzimwe masero) akanga kare kubvira 1862. Zvisinei Mechnikov kekutanga akasimbisa kubatana pakati izvi uye unodzivirira chinosara chine zvirwere. Maererano nevaongorori vakawanda, kubva panguva iyoyo akatanga kuvapo idzva bazi wemishonga - immunology.

The rokuzvidzivirira womunhu muviri ndiwo dzakaunganidzwa anatomical hurongwa. Its basa iri kuitira kudzivirira kupinda dzakasiyana zvinotapukira yomuchipatara yavo metabolic zvigadzirwa, zvinhu uye nyama akapa wokumwe antigenic ehupfumi.

The rokuzvidzivirira anokwanisa kuziva guru mari utachiona - kubva tupukanana kuti honye, nokudaro kusiyanisa navo kubva chaivo mamorekuru masero pachake. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, tsanangudzo ane chirwere mumiririri kwakaoma chaizvo nemano ayo kuchinja nokugadzira itsva nzira kupinda uye chirwere.

Maantigen vari mamorekuru kuti vanotsamwisa chaizvo siyana. Kwete hazvo utachiona hwakakura anopinda muviri kubva kunze. Somuenzaniso, mune autoimmune pathologies sezvo maantigen vari masero muviri pachake.

Chinangwa chikuru kuparadza unodzivirira maumbirwo utachiona hwakakura chinokuvadza. The rokuzvidzivirira hwakapiwa siyana nzira uye midziyo nokuda kuonekwa uye kubviswa dzimwe nevamiririri. Izvi yose muitiro anonzi "mhinduro". Masoja kungaita kuwanikwa kana vachiberekwa.

Vawana maitiro akasiyana aivapo yakakwirira specificity yokusafa maitiro kutsunga mhando vemamwe mumiririri. Kunoitawo kuti akadzokorora kupinda pakati nayo utachiona kuziva uye kuhupedza nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, munhu akaumba mumwe hwose kudzivirira pamusoro kupinda mamwe maantigen, Somuenzaniso, pashure huku pox, diphtheria, gwirikwiti.

Zvinobva anatomical nemaonero, kuti dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri zvishoma ichiparara. Pasinei zvimwe dispersal muviri, zvose pezvivako dzayo kuva noukama hwepedyo pedyo nhengo dzinobudisa uye ropa midziyo. Masangano unodzivirira mamiriro rakakamurwa nechepakati uye peripheral. Panewo masero zvirwere.

Nezvebasa lymphoid nhengo unodzivirira marongerwo zvinosanganisira thymus (thymus), lymphoid inotungamirwa ari muura, okuwedzera, fetus chiropa, mumwongo.

Masero Immunocompetent inokurukurwa kune polynuclear leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, Langerhans masero (chena ganda epidermotsitov Process), uye vamwe.

Kudzivirira peripheral lymphoid nhengo dzinosanganisira chirwatata, node nodes.

The zvachose guru zvose masero uye zvomukati kunobatanidza rokuzvidzivirira akura anenge mumwe kilogram.

The peripheral hurongwa Kusiyanisa kunoitika (panowanikwa kusiyana pakati masero homogeneous) nekutarisa kushandiswa nekuwanda antigen. Nechepakati zvomukati uye zvivako pakati yechirimwa immunocompetent masero. Wokupedzisira (vazhinji vavo) tichingotarisira achiparadzira. Saka, chikamu masoja masero kubva vascular pamubhedha kunoita kune chero kadhi unodzivirira marongerwo uye musana. Zvese pamusoro runodzivirira zvinoumba maumbirwo vari interconnected. Masero anosangana mumwe zvachose zvakananga kupinda kubatana kana kusunungurwa cytokines uye immunoglobulins (antibodies) kupinda zvakatipoteredza. Cytokines, izvo inoumbwa monocytes uye macrophages, kuzivikanwa monokines, uye chakaumbwa nemakomo lymphocytes - lymphokines.

Nokudaro, interrelationship dzose zvivako ose masoja emuviri uye ayo dzinounzwa foni antibody anoumba kunzwisisa mashandiro yokuzvidzora kudzivirirwa.