Wevhu nechepakati Russia. Unhu. Pevhu-podzolic nevhu

Podzolic nevhu Russia vari pakati rakajairika mukati mukoto. Ivo vanonzi kupfuura mbereko. nevhu ava structureless, dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira acidity, uyewo kuvapo podzolic jengachenga. Kazhinji vanenge aumba pasi nedenga kuti masango coniferous.

Pakati bhanhire nyika zviri Zvinowanzoitikawo uye pevhu nevhu. Vari akaumba pasi pokudzora herbaceous zvinomera. Pakati zviri pevhu nevhu secrete rakawedzera zviri manyowa kana kukwana kusavapo hunobatsira podzol, lumpy tsanga mamiriro. Kazhinji, vari ne kumusoro kubereka.

Pevhu-podzolic nevhu vari inokosha non-dema ivhu mapazi munyika. Vanosanganisira okumusoro pevhu podzolic rukoko. nevhu izvi vane yakaderera wokubereka, pasi (0.5 kusvika 2,5%) zviri manyowa uye acidic (ph 4-5) ivhu mhinduro. Mukuwedzera, manyowa jengachenga ane diki kukwanisa (gumi kusvika makumi maviri masendimita).

Kazhinji, pevhu-podzolic vane mupfumi manyowa topsheet. Muchiitiko chino, pamusoro calcareous pamatombo nyoro muitiro chirimwa expansions uye akatendeuka vave manyowa kuitika zvikuru nokukurumidza.

Pevhu podzolic ichazivikanwa noku zvikuru pasi zviri senitrogen uye phosphorus (muchimiro kuti wefodya miti). On nevhu nedzimwe Zvinoumba chiedza (jecha loam uye jecha), pane kushayikwa potassium.

All pevhu-podzolic nevhu zvine dukuduku ayodhini, zingi, mhangura. Panguva iyoyo vari zvakasiyana pamwe zvakawandisa manganese. Kuti uvandudze kuorera idzi Zvakakodzera waidzora mvura-mhepo muoti, kunyanya panguva imwe nzvimbo wakanyanya nyorovera. Fertile rukoko ichiwedzerwa nokushandisa kuti ivhu Organic fetiraiza. The acidity ipfupi pachishandiswa liming.

Pevhu-podzolic ivhu mhando iri kuparadzirwa kunyanya kuchamhembe hafu non-dema ivhu wongoramba. inotungamirwa wavo haasi dondo, asi kunyanya Mafuro. Munzvimbo idzi sezvo pamusana unooma kuti rekushongedzesa kunoitika panyika makore akawanda yemakwenzi vakanzwa, uye mudzi residues vari mukobvu. It zvinowanzoitika interlacing midzi pasi yokumusoro chikamu chirimwa. Izvi zvinoguma rimwe rukoko. It kunoratidzwa vakawanda chirimwa residues.

Nokuti pevhu-podzolic ivhu unhu ndiyo pamberi whitish rukoko. nechivako Its afanane ruvara nemadota kubva romoto. In zvakaneta podzolic ivhu rukoko pakukora pakuona shoma, uye pakukora ivhu pacharo - vanenge makumi maviri kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu masendimita. Panyaya iyi, idzi havadi yakakura kuvandudzika.

Nevakomana mamiriro pamwe zvakasimba podzolic nevhu. Kushandiswa Nyika kwakadaro kunobvira chete pashure basa kuvandudza kwavari. Uyewo yakaderera zviri zvokudya, kusavapo noncapillary porosity, uyewo rwakashata mvura-mhepo muoti, panguva kudzika udzamu (vanenge makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana masendimita) angarara loam, uye pasi payo - mutete asi zvakaoma uye gobvu "reraimu" rinosanganisira chezvematongerwe enyika oxides simbi. Panyaya iyi, pevhu-podzolic ivhu rinofanira vachera kuti kudzika kwete asingasviki mana - mana namashanu masendimita, kana gondo yakafarikana chaizvo gomba kwete asingasviki makumi mashanu masendimita yakadzika.

Nokuda kuti chikamu miti akafa anoramba nyika mukobvu apo tinopinda kwakaoma mhepo kwemabhakitiriya manyowa pane makemikari kwaizotevera kupinda mukati zvakadzika akaturikidzana nhema kunoitika chete aoma. In nedanho kugaya vakaumba humic asidhi kuti exchange (somugumisiro zvimwe nemakemikari) muna humins uye zvadaro kuita paumbwe manyowa uye yakachena Komkova mamiriro topsoil.