Samara Nicholas Monastery yedare reSamara. Nhoroondo yemunamato

Munguva yeperestroika makore, machechi akawanda nemakomba akazara emakona akadzorerwa kuchechi, uye chokwadi ichi chinokurudzira chinoratidza kuti kuzarurirwa kwemweya kwakasvika shure kwemazana emakore erima risingadi Mwari. Asi kwete zvinhu zvose zvitsvene zvinopa vanhu zvakare nyasha dzaMwari dzakatumwa kuburikidza nazvo. Vakawanda vanoparadzwa, uye tinowana uchapupu hwavo chete mumabhuku matsva. Pakati pavo ndiyo yakambova Nicholas Monastery yeSamara.

Chinodiwa nokukurumidzirwa kwechimatira

Kubva munhau dzenharaunda iyo inozivikanwa kuti kamwe kare munguva yekare muSamara kwaiva neimba yemamende, yakaparadzwa muna 1738. Kwemakore anopfuura zana iri guta reViga rakagara risina ushumiri hwemasisita, asi muna 1851, paakava pakati penharaunda yakanga ichangobva kusikwa, iyo iyo diocese yeSamara yakasimbiswa, mubvunzo wekugadzwa kwemamatare kwakagadziriswa.

Zvikonzero zvakakonzera bhishopi wepanyika Eusebius (Orlinsky) kuvhiringidza hurumende dzechibvumirano nekumbiro kwekusikwa kweimba yemamende muguta, kunze kwechitendero, chaingova zuva rega rega, chinotarisirwa nekudzvinyirira matambudziko ezuva nezuva. Akanyora kune guta guru kuti mwoyo wake unoshungurudza kuva chirikadzi uye vaprista vasina rubatsiro avo vasina nzvimbo yekugara, uyewo nevana vavo, avo vanoregererwa mukana wekugadzirira maparamendi emangwana.

Mukuwedzera, zvaifanira kutungamirirwa pamusoro pevatongi vematare echechi, ayo, maererano netsika yakagadzirwa, vakatumirwa kumachechi akasiyana. Zvose izvi nezvimwe zvinetso zvakawanda, maererano nemutongi weSamara, zvinogona kugadziriswa nekugadzirwa kwemamongi muguta. Kero yake kuSinagoge Itsvene yakatsigirwawo nehurumende yeguta K.K. Grotto, nokuda kwechikamu chayo, yakarongedzera kune ramangwana renzvimbo yakatarisana nemunda wakakodzera zvakakwana pamhenderekedzo yeVolga.

Matambudziko emari

Synodal vakuru vakapindura kune chikumbiro chebhishopi weSamara nekunzwisisa, uye muna 1857 akagamuchira "tsamba yakaropafadzwa", ndiko kuti, mvumo inofanirwa munyaya iyi. Nyaya yegavhuna hainawo kubuda, uye iye, maererano neshoko rake, akabatsira kupa nyika inodikanwa. Asi mamwe matambudziko akatanga.

Sezvaunoziva, nokuda kwekuvakwa kwakaoma kwezvivako, izvo zvaizova muSamaria yeSamarskii Nikolaevsky, kunze kwezvinangwa zvakanaka, isu tinodawo mari, uye pakanga pasina mumwe wavo pane iyi. Kusiyana nezvinotarisirwa, vapfumi vakapfuma uye vanobatsira vakanga vasina kukurumidza kuzivisa ivo pachavo. Dhioncese yeSamara zvakare yakanga isingagoni kupa rubatsiro rwemari, sezvo yaive yakafamba munguva dzakaipa.

Nzira yekubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu aya

Mhinduro yacho yakawanikwa isingatarisirwi. Iyo ichangobva kugadzwa Mushumiri Theophilus (Nadezhdin) muSamara - uyo aimbova Eusebius akazorora panguva iyoyo, akazova murume asina kungozvipira chete, asiwo anoshanda chaizvo. Akashaniswa nemashoko akajeka uye anonzwisisika kuti nyika dzakawanda dzakapiwa nemuguta weguta nekuda kwekuvakwa kweimba yemamendari inogona kubhadharwa kwekanguva ichirima kurima vanhu vanofanako, uye yakashandisa mari yekushandisa pakuvaka.

Izvo zviri nyore uye zvinonzwisisika, asi ... apa ndipo apo kusarurama kwekusarurama kwevagari veguta kwakange kwakanganiswa. Akavaudza kuti Ishe, uye pamwe naye hutungamiri hweva diocesa, vanongoda kuzvidzora pachavo, vachishandisa mikana, uye kushandisa nyika yakagadzirirwa mabasa erudo kuti vawane pfuma yavo pachavo. Chii chakatanga pano! Ikoko kwakanga kune kunyorwa kwakanyorwa uye kunyora muSinodhi, kupomerwa kwehurumende yakatendeseka uye yakanyatsotaridzika zvikuru mukubatanidzwa mukubiridzira, makuhwa uye makuhwa. Zvose uye usanyora.

Kutanga kwekuvakwa kwechitemberi

Izvo zvisina maturo izvo zvaipomerwa zvaiva, hupenyu pachahwo hwakaratidzwa. Pashure penguva pfupi pfupi pazvivako zvechivi, chivakwa chemafudzi ehama uye makamuri ezvokushandisa akatanga kushandiswa, uye munguva pfupi temberi yekutanga, yakatsaurirwa mukukudza kwaSt. Nicholas Wonderworker, yakabuda. Kusiyana nemafungiro evanhu vakawanda vane utsinye, mari yacho yakaenda chaizvo kune chinangwa icho nyika yakabviswa kunze.

Nhanho nhanho, Samari Nicholas Monastery yakatanga kugadzirisa. Pakupedzisira, pakaonekwa varimi vepfuma. Wekutanga ndiye ainzi Volga mutengesi FM Shchepkin, uyo akabayira mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu ekari yakanaka kwazvo yemvura, iyo yakakurumidza kubhadharwa, asi panguva ino hapana mumwe wevamwari veguta akashuvira kutaura chero chinhu mukutongwa.

Muenzaniso wake wakateverwa nemuridzi weimba P.K. Astrakhantsev, uyo akanyorera imba yemamiti imba yakakura yemapuranga, umo kereke yechipatara yakagadzwa gare gare. Iyi ndiyo kutanga kwekugamuchira nguva dzose mahomwe. Sangano reSamara rakanga rakapfuma mune vanhu vane rupo uye vanozvikudza, avo mari yavo muna 1861 yakavakwa chechi yekutanga yebwe.

Kuwana mamiriro ehurumende yepamusoro

Kunyange zvakadaro, tsanangudzo yakajeka-yakavakwa uye yakashandisa Samaskoko Nikolayevsky Monastery, kunyange mushure mekugadzwa kwechechi yebwe mukati mayo, yakanga isina mamiriro ehurumende. Kuti uwanezve zvakare, chikwata chinowirirana chakatumirwa kuSinagoge Rinoyera, uye mushure memakore matatu ekufungidzirwa, kusunungurwa kwemasimba kwekugara kwemakore kwemakore akawanda kwakatoitika.

Yakanyoreswa semuzinda wechitatu weimba yevatariri. Imba ndiyo imwe nzira yehutano hwehupenyu hwomukati, umo hakuna mumwe wevanhu vane chero pfuma yavo. Zvose zvinowanzoitwa pfuma, asi abbot, treasurer, hieromonks uye vamwe vatongi vakagamuchira mubhadharo. Izvi zvakachengetwa zvinyorwa mumabhuku ekuchengetedza.

Monastic welfare

Pakupera kwezana remakumi mana nezana remakumi mana nezana remakore rechina, imba yeMamaria yeSamarskii Nikolaevsky yakagadzirwa kuva hupfumi hwakasimba uye hwakaumbwa. Kubva pamabhuku ezvinyorwa zvakafanana zvinotevera kuti pasi pemusha weShiryaev Buerak aiva nemamita zana nemakumi maviri nemasere emiganhu neminda, nyika inobereka uye makoriri, akavakirwa, uye pamwe neanomwe mazana makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emasango neminda mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Mukuwedzera, sangano reSamara kutsigira maitiro aro rakagovera mamwe mazana makumi mana emasiaatines ku monastery.

Nikolaevsky mumiriri wevarume (Samara) akagamuchira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nezvakabva kune diocese. Maererano nehurumende yakabvumirwa muna 1867, gore negore rakabhadharwa anenge mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu rubles. Imari inobva kubasa rekukodha yakanga iri mabhiriki maviri nehafu hafu gore, uye imwe chiuru yakaunza chigadziko chayo kendende. Mari inowanikwa kune iyo nguva inoshamisa. Zvichipa kuti pamagumo ezana remakumi mana nezana remakore rezana, nhamba yevagari vayo haina kudarika vanhu makumi mashanu, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti havana kunzwa kudiwa.

Kutanga kwezana remakore matsva

Nekuuya kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nhamba yehama yakatanga kuderera nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana, uye muna 1912, maererano neyo yakabudiswa shanduro yeOrthodox encyclopaedic yakadaro, paingova nevanhu makumi matatu nevashanu chete. Munguva yeRussia-Japanese War, vagari vanoverengeka vakaungana, kusanganisira hieromonk Lavrenti (Pavlov), vakatumirwa kuFar East kune mauto akashinga.

Pakazosvika 1916, vanhu makumi maviri nevaviri chete vakaramba vari muimba yemamende, kusanganisira abbot uye mavhisi mana. Zvinonyanya kuderedzwa uye nzvimbo yenyika dzavo, asi yakawedzera kuyerera kwemari kubva kubhishopu re diocesan, sekunge panguva ino mhondi yakarongwa mukirasi yechipiri.

Monastic temples

Neine mari iyi, mugore rimwe chete, chivako chemajeri, chakasara kusvikira nhasi, chiri kuvakwa. Mufananidzo wake uri munyaya yacho. Izvo zvinozivikanwawo kuti mumakore ekupedzisira asati achinja-siyana pamunharaunda yemamiti, kunze kwemamwe masimba, pane temberi yemufananidzo waamai vaMwari "Mufaro Wevose Vose Vanosuruvara" uye mumwezve - St. Nicholas Wonderworker.

Yokutanga yavo yakatangwa muna 1860. Nokuda kwekushaiwa kwezvinoreva, akange akagadzirirwa muimba yemari yakabhadharwa uye imba yakavakwazve yakavakwa. Chechi yechipiri yakavakwa uye yakatsaurirwa muna 1909 panzvimbo yekare, iyo yakasvika kune yakashata uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi yakabviswa, iyo yaigara ichionekwa seyoyo huru, uye nekuda kwaSt. Nicholas akapa zita rake kune monastery yose. Pamifananidzo yakasara kusvikira nhasi, anobaya ziso nehukuru hwemashoko ake.

Zvimwe zvivako

Imba yeMasitori yeSamarskiy Nikolayevsky yakanga iri munharaunda huru kwazvo, yakasungwa nehombekombe yeVolga nemigwagwa yemazuva ano yeChelyuskintsev, Osipenko uye Radonezhskaya. Zvose izvi zvakange zvakakomberedza nehombe refu yematombo, kubva iko kusvikira iye zvino masuo chete, mapikicha ayo anowanikwa munyaya yacho, akachengetedzwa.

Pakuwanikwa kweimba yemamoni yaiva nedzimba dzematombo mana dzeimba neimba zvinangwa, pamwe chete nezvivako zvetemberi zvakataurwa pamusoro apa, iyo temberi yemufananidzo waamai vaMwari "Mufaro wevose Vose Vanoshungurudzika" yakanga iri mumvura yakadzika, uye Nikolsky akanga ari pamberi pesuwo dzvene. Mukuwedzera, munharaunda yakasimbiswa yevamiririya maiva nemakuva maiva nemakuva nematende zvakagadzirwa nokuda kwekubhadhara mari.

Iyo yakaparadzwa shrine

Mushure mekunge vaBolshevik vauya kumagetsi, imba yemamatare yakava nematambudziko akafanana nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzeSamara. Muna 1918 akasarudzwa ndokuendeswa kune zvinodiwa nedhipatimendi remunharaunda yepamusoro yezvidzidzo zvehurumende, izvo zvakagara mumakirasi ekudzidzira, uye makore mashanu gare gare, dzimwe hurumende dzimba dzevahedheni dzakaendeswa kune hurumende itsva.

Mukutanga kwemashumi matatu, yakanga yava nguva yezvivakwa zvetemberi, mabasa ayo kwemakore mazhinji asina kuitwa. Pakutanga, vakaendeswa kune imwe yezvigadzirwa zveSamara kuti varongedze kambani mukati mavo, asi vakanyatsoparadzaniswa, zvidhinha zvavo zvakaenda pakuvakwa kweimba dziri pedo nefekitari yekicheni.

Munguva yeperestroika makore, monastery haina kuzomuka zvakare, sezvo vose vanenge vakaparadzwa. Ikoko kwakasara chete gedhi, rakataurwa pamusoro apa, rakagadziriswa sero mbiri, rakagadziriswa zvikuru nekugadziriswa mukati, pamwe chete neimba yekucherechedza, iyo yakachinja zvachose chitarisiko chayo nekuda kwekugadzirisa kwakakura.

Muna 2013, vashandi veOrthodox munharaunda pamusoro pemagedhi vakaiswa mifananidzo miviri. Amai Amai vaMwari naSt. Nicholas Wonderworker akaratidzwa pamusoro pavo vanoyeuchidza vagari veguta rehutsvene uhwu hwakanga huri pano uye hwakatsikwa uye hwakatsoropodzwa nemadzitateguru avo kurira kwekukunda.