Discretionary mwero somumwe inokosha pamutemo dzemunharaunda

isu kuti pamberi Aingoziva pfungwa "adaro vomureza", unofanira kunzwisisa kuti optionality ichi pacharo.

Pfungwa optionality

Chaiyo iri - sarudzo. Tichishandisa jurisprudence shoko kunorondedzerwa se imwe wokuti kusarudza kana mumwe Maitiro mishonga. Zvinogona kuva:

• optionality mutemo wehurumende;
• optionality zviri Maitiro mutemo wehurumende ;
• optionality mhosva adversarial muitiro;
• optionality pamutemo ugari;
• kutonga dispositive mutemo;
• optionality sezvo muchimiro ugari pamutemo.

Saka, optionality - mukuru muchikwata pamutemo, iro zvinowanzoshandiswa sectors ose private uye voruzhinji mutemo. A dispositive wokuyera - zviri pamutemo rusununguko kana mano mugari kushandisa pachedu, kuzviitira kodzero, Chokwadi, mukati murayiro.

hazvifaniri kuonekwa optionality uye adaro mitemo yose. "Optionality" - pfungwa mamwemazwi, upamhi hwazvo hunopfuura "kutonga dispositive mutemo." It adaro mitemo uye ndiyo nzira, nzira kuratidzwa kodzero inoraswa.

Discretionary nemitemo Mienzaniso

mutemo Civil Somuenzaniso, rine zvakawanda mitemo naro mapato vanofarira kusarudza pamusoro yemirayiro zvavo. Somuenzaniso, muridzi pfuma ane njere kusarudza kwaani nyasha akanga aita kuda uye nhaka vakatodzidza zvakanaka. Mugari wenhaka aigona kuva munhu kubva yomukati yakaurungana akaiita, ropa kana asiri ropa rake nehama, pedyo kana kure, shamwari, vafambidzani, kana kunyange vatorwa, uyewo masangano ehurumende, etc. Asi kana kana kuda, kana zvokutsaurira kana zvimwe chero gwaro wenhaka asina akambochera, mutemo achasarudza uye kumisa venhaka pachake. Mitemo yakadaro kuti ushande bedzi mune zviitiko apo kuMudzidzisi mirairo zvakaitwa vari dispositive, i.e. upiyona, vaisanganisa.

Discretionary mureza runoita vagari achipinda noukama pamutemo, simbisai pachako vamwe miganhu uye zvezvinotaurwa itirana kodzero uye mabasa. Chokwadi, izvi mabasa uye kodzero regai kuuya kubva rwevanhu kuumbwa. Asi kana pasina zvibvumirano zvakadaro, adaro mitemo pachavo akazadzwa yakawiriranwa ukama hwavo kugutsikana. Zvisinei, havana kunyange zvino kutora chimiro fanira uye inoda zvakajeka unongotaura.

Somuenzaniso, mune imwe nokurambana, kana imwe mhuri ine mwana, anoramba mumwe vabereki. Mubereki haagoni kushanda zviri pamutemo kuti gupuro kana voga Party Second anofanira kuripa. Kana pasina chibvumirano zvasvika, pane kugoverwa gupuro uye dare iri fanira mirairo pati Somuenzaniso, baba kubhadhara mwana rutsigiro huwandu raanotaura pakutonga. Kunzvenga vacharangwa.

Kana, kurambana, aimbova madzimai dzinobvumirana kuti baba achashanyira mwana, vanopedza nguva naye nguva yakawanda zvaanoda uye mwana acharamba zvizere hwake. Kana amai anotanga izvi zvisaitika, dare achadzivirira zvinodiwa baba uye kuita vake Aimbova mudzimai kuwana munzira zvokufambidzana ndiye baba nevana kwete.

Discretionary Mitemo - zvakafanana mitemo miviri ukama. Mumwe wavo zvinoita kuti vagari masangano kuita panguva yayo kungwara, kupinda chibvumirano vamwe mhando. A mukwanisi yechipiri kana kuti nokuda wokutanga, kana chibvumirano haasi uye mapato vasingakwanisi kukurira vaviri kodzero uye mitoro. Ipapo vachava chairayirwa chero mamwe maitiro uye maitiro, uye kuzviita mukanyatsochengeta zvakakodzera.