Subject uye nzira zvoupfumi dzidziso

Economics ndiyo nzvimbo yebasa kuti kusika pakunamata uye zvinhu kugutsa zvikuru siyana zvinodiwa nevanhu.

Subject uye nzira zvoupfumi dzidziso kukurukura socio-mamiriro ezveupfumi pakati vanhu nedanho nokuparadzirwa, kugadzira, chinjanai uye kudyiwa zvinhu uye mabasa. Chokutanga, funga nezvenyaya upfumi dzidziso, iri nokure kuparadzirwa uye kugadzirwa nezvinhu uye mabasa pasi upfumi constraints. To nani kuratidza upfumi chokwadi hwenyika pfungwa kunosanganisira sayenzi zhinji vakaparadzana: mukuru dzezvoupfumi, izvo vanodzidza uchitikurudzira upfumi budiriro uye nedzidziso chastnoekonomicheskie vanodzidza zvikamu zvoupfumi nzvimbo, zvakadai basa dzezvoupfumi, nhamba, utariri, dzidziso rezvemari, ndizvidavirire , Marketing, zvokurima dzezvoupfumi uye indasitiri. Mamiriro mukuru zvoupfumi dzidziso vanoti enyika upfumi, dzidziso shanduka zvoupfumi, uye vamwe.

Kufunga nezvenyaya uye nzira zvoupfumi dzidziso, hatigoni kutaura kuti rinoongorora mitemo zvoupfumi kuti vawanze kunyatsoshanda, zvoupfumi kukura, basa zvizere, rusununguko kwoupfumi, hwega mutengo pamwero, kuchengeteka kwoupfumi, kururama kuparadzirwa mari, pakuenzanisa kutengeserana.

The chikuru nzira upfumi zvinosanganisira: kwesayenzi abstraction, ongororo uye kwetunhu, Qualitative uye quantitative pachisara pakuongorora uye kuedza, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Kwakadaro, vakawanda mashoko, nyaya uye nzira zvoupfumi dzidziso.

Zvino vazhinji siyana kurovedzwa uye pakudzidzisa. In dzezvoupfumi mabhuku anogona kazhinji kuwana zita chitsauko kana chikamu "Subject uye nzira upfumi pfungwa", uye isu hatisi pasina chivi - akabhadhara mutero tsika, kunyange ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Zvingava nani kunyora "Nyaya uye nzira upfumi pfungwa", nekuti hakuna, kuroorwa, nzira chete kwose dzezvoupfumi. Vakawanda vavo, wose kunzwisisa, uye tinotarisa navo ikozvino.

Nzira - tsvakurudzo iyi unyanzvi, nzira ruzivo upfumi, kunzwisisa zvoupfumi. Economics dzidziso inobva anotevera nzira: vanhuwo (Muchidimbu, pakuongorora, boka kuenzanisa), uye yemhando kuongorora uye kwetunhu quantitative uye Qualitative kuswedera, nhoroondo uye musoro Modelling, formalization uye nevamwe.

Inotungamirwa uye kubudirira mune zvoupfumi dzidziso Chinogona kurapwa mumatanho akawanda, kutangira rekare rechiGiriki nguva:

1) kare: kunyatsogona ongororo yokusafa Plato, naAristotle Ksenofontom (V-IV remakore BC), akadzidza muranda hurongwa, subsistence kurima ;

2) nenguva feudalism, panguva iyo akadzidza reshiyo dzinongoitika uye chinokosha upfumi, kukoshesa basa wakapiwa basa, pamwe pakati mapurazi;

3) nenguva Bourgeois enyika upfumi: asi mercantilists (16 fung - 17 fung remakore) akateerera zvikuru nokure kuparadzirwa; chekare political upfumi (17 fung - 19 fung remakore) kwakabatana nokure kugadzirwa upfumi, kutanga - mune zvokurima uye mune mamwe maindasitiri. Masayendisiti-nezvoupfumi ichi nguva vakatanga dzidziso ukoshi ;

4) kukura enyika upfumi basa: muna Marxism, ari zvoupfumi anoongororwa kubva nemaonero pamusoro zvido rwekuita mukirasi. Pahwaro Marxism kuoneka evanhu gutsaruzhinji uye Leninism;

5) The remakore rechi20: neoclassicism vakaongorora Pricing uye nengaidzo mumusika zvigadziriswe; kuti chidzoke wehurumende-chindingindingi capitalism, Keynesianism, kuti liberalism.

Mumakore gumi adarika zvinosanganisira: institutionalism; post-Industrial upfumi; dzidziso yezwi pamusika upfumi.