Anisotropy - chii ichi? Kutsunga uye Application

Nyaya iyi inoti anisotropy - kuti kusaruramisira vamwe mumuviri kwazvo anokoshesa pamwe siyana zvataurwa yakasimba. Rinotaura kuti chinokonzera anisotropy, apo akasangana, sei kushandisa. Uyewo muchidimbu kurondedzera anisotropy chinhu.

Kutsunga of anisotropy

Ngatiteererei kutanga tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi. Anisotropy - musiyano ichi pakati zvivako uye parameters ari chinhu kwakasiyana-siyana. Zvachinja zvishoma zvisingambonzwisisiki uye pachena kunoda tsananguro. Under ehupfumi zvinoreva chero fuma unhu - mukana wokushandiswa, mutsindo velocity, refractive indekisi, chafariz conductivity, zvemagetsi conductivity. Saka, Somuenzaniso, nokuti mutsindo velocity anisotropy - ndiko kutanga kana transversely zidombo ruzha kuparadzira panguva yakasiyana kumhanya kupfuura pamwe. Muchiitiko chino, pfuma ichi chinobatsira kuziva mhando, kuitika pakadzika pasi goko. A dzinongoitika kuwedzera nokudengenyeka kwenyika Somuenzaniso, kana munhu zvikuru akasika simba ichivhuvhuta achapa pfungwa yacho arambe achirema uye rekona kuti panowanikwa zvicherwa zvakasiyana.

The anisotropy wakakodzera?

At kutaurwa rokuti rinowanzoreva anisotropy yacho sekristaro. Chikamu ichi unotaura wefizikisi nezvishoma. Uye chero nyanzvi unyanzvi kunyanya anoziva kuti ehupfumi ane pfuma kuvimba kwete chete pane chokwadi kuti chii zviri nemaatomu, asi chii kuti uye zvikamu pakati maatomu izvi chii chokuita. Uye Chikurukuru, ndivo novimba symmetry boka kunoguma mamiriro. Vanosvika makumi matatu navaviri. Boka symmetry rinoratidza vangani uye chii kufamba vanofanira zvipire chete zvinhu zviri seari uye -enderana zvachose. Zviito izvi zvinosanganisira: vachishandisa kutenderera pamusoro akabatana (pedyo chaizvo angled), kufungisisa nendege kana pfungwa inversion. Symmetry boka uye inoratidza chii chichava anisotropy pakati crystals. Zvinhu kuva cubic chimiro Somuenzaniso, regai nhaka pfuma iyi. Parameters nezvishoma yakadaro zvakafanana mumativi ose.

Chii angled kunodikanwa nokuda anisotropy?

Above isu akapa muenzaniso, apo Mashoko inzwi handiyo chete mune wezvikamu transverse mirayiridzo. Ichi chiitiko chinokosha sei kuratidza anisotropy pamusoro zvivako, unonzi rokuti "orotropiya". Zvisinei, kuti symmetry ari sekristaro haisi chete cubic kana rhombic. Hazvina trigonal kana kudzokorora STRUCTURAL zvinhu zvinoitika kana akatendeuka ari denderedzwa rechitatu, kana hexagonal, apo kutenderera angled akaenzana chimwe muzvitanhatu denderedzwa. The symmetry muchikwata yepasisa, monoclinic, zvinoita ehupfumi kuti zvakasiyana ari sekristaro muna matatu wezvikamu perpendicular mirayiridzo. Saka, anisotropy - yepamusoro crystalline nezvishoma, izvo kungazviratidza chero pakona mune mundege imwe, uye ari menyika.

Ko vose ehupfumi vanofanira anisotropy?

mubvunzo uyu zvine musoro. Kana imwe pfuma iri nekristaro ichi anisotropic, kana zvimwe parameters kutevera suit? Hako. Somuenzaniso, crystals, iyo inoshandiswa muchiratidzo usiku namano. Vanokwanisa kutendeutsa michini chiedza asingaoneki muna rinooneka siyana (kazhinji vakawana mufananidzo yakasiyana noruvara rwegirini). In izvi zvakasimba, anisotropy - kumboenda pfuma kuti zvakakodzera kushandiswa uye zvinogona kubatsira. Uyezve, mugumisiro kuti zvakanakisisa, kuti crystals zvinofanira zvayaitenderera paguyo pane akafanorongerwa akachinjikana (nokuti izvi zvakananga kukura mune imwe nzira). Mune dzimwe nzvimbo mwaranzi kutendeuka kushoma kana kwete zvachose. Panyaya iyi, iyo chafariz conductivity, kumhanya inzwi , kana electrodiffusion vanoshandisa noruvara kwose kwose. Zvangoitikawo kuti imwe pfuma kusiyana zvachiri angled mumwe uye - mumwe. Asi zviri zvikuru zvekumwe zviitiko.

Where zvimwe ndiyo anisotropy?

Kana munhu akanzwa "crystals" kazhinji achifungidzira translucent mbariro Goldstone kana neametesti. Vamwe vasikana zvimwe nezvekurara zvishongo. Zvisinei, sekristaro kungava chinhu hwakasimba. Products dzakagadzirwa nesimbi, aruminiyamu, mhangura, tini, zvakare, ine crystals, asi zvikuru diki. Uye mumwe nomumwe izvi panguva micro pamwero ndiyewo akaona anisotropy yacho simbi. Zvisinei, nzvimbo, izvo anoparadzirwa munyika perpendicular mirayiridzo munzira dzakawanda, zvakananga kwazvo, uye muupenyu hwezuva nezuva kuzviona. Somuenzaniso, mune cubic crystals zvesimbi aruminiyamu Young moduli kuti elasticity zvinosiyana pamwe yasarudzwa akabatana. A Linear Kuwedzera gaba anosiyana siyana mirayiridzo rinenge kaviri. Zvisinei, izvozvo mashoko kazhinji havadikanwi kuti funga ose zuva. Uyewo, anisotropy chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi uye nemigumisiro yayo anowanzoshandurwa vakaisa zvose zvavo zvichibvira kushandisa pamasikiro padariro zvinhu, zvivako, ndege, michina.

How kuverenga anisotropy?

Zvose zvakanyorwa pamusoro, tinotarisira kuudza muverengi zviri pachena zvakakwana kuti anisotropy ichi. Zvisinei, pane imwe mubvunzo: sei kuverenga sei zvakasiyana ehupfumi achitevedza yakashatiswa mumufambiro nezvemaitiro nezvishoma? Nokuti ichi ndicho coefficient kuti anisotropy. Pakutanga nerimwe kukosha kwayo rinowanikwa zvakasiyana. Zviratidzi kuona anisotropy zvingasava mumwe. Kana zvemaziso ehupfumi kuti quantum hurongwa akasiyana tichaona izvo unogamuchirwa mumwe kune mumwe zvingava impracticable kana zvisingabviri. Saka, kutaura zvimwe chero saizi chinhu hakusi zvakakodzera. Uyezve, kazhinji izvozvo akaverenga hunonzi zvisingaiti, chete mutengo uyu akawana empirically. anisotropy coefficient nokukura unotora nhamba tsika akadzidza kwakasiyana-siyana. Dzimwe nguva nhamba iyi zvinosanganisira necheparutivi pakati mirayiridzo dzakasarudzwa. Zvisinei, kazhinji chete sezvo nechiidzo pazasi kukosha. Somuenzaniso, K _xy rinoratidza kuti reshiyo ichi zvinoreva musiyano rwomuviri kwazvo tsika achitevedza X uye ja namasanhu.