Mashoko ane mbiri mbiri: 3rd class

Morphemica imwe yezvinyorwa zvinonakidza zveRussia. Ongorora mafomu emashoko ekuti morphemes, sarudza zvidzidzo, kuitisa morphemic analysis - makirasi anofadza. Mumashoko eRussia mutauro kune zvakasiyana-siyana zve morphemes. Nyaya yacho icharondedzera mazwi ane maviri prefixes.

Izwi rinogadzirwa

Izwi rinogona kusanganisira morphemes akadaro semidzi, chimbichimbi, chinokwana, postfix uye kuguma. MuchiRussian grammar morpheme inotsanangurwa sechinhu chiduku chechimwe chevaya vane zvarinoreva. Semuenzaniso, -sa isimboti inoratidzira chiito chekudzoka, chigumo chisina- chinoratidza kusakosha kwechimwe chinhu, chirevo chinopa shoko neshoko rekutungamirira nguva kune chimwe chinhu. Kune mafomu emashoko umo morphemes akabatanidzwa pamwechete. Semuenzaniso, mazwi ane mbiri mbiri, mudzi, chiyero uye kuguma: akadzingwa, aneta, kwete pasina.

Prefixes muRussia

Chirevo chekutanga (ndicho chirevo chekutanga) i morpheme inokosha mumutauro weRussia. Inomira pamberi pemudzi, pane dzimwe nguva pakati pemidzi miviri. Kusiyana nezvimwe zvinonamatira, zvine hutongi hukuru, sezvo dzimwe nguva kushungurudzika kwemashure kunowira pairi. Somuenzaniso, mumashoko anonzi ultra-pasteurized, ndege, anti-crisis. Kana mazwi ane prefixes maviri, apo chikamu chekutanga chakasimbiswa: superconductor, superregenerator. Mafungiro akadaro, ane kusazvimiririra oga kuzvidya mwoyo, anonzi prefixoids nevamwe vasayendisiti.

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvisingatauri zvinyorwa, zvichida, izvi zvinotsanangura kuwirirana kwavo nechinangwa chekutaura. Kana zvikwangwani mumatambudziko akawanda zvakabatana nechimwe kana chikamu chekutaura, prefixes haiti. Semuenzaniso, chinogadzirisa -nik- ndicho chakakwana chezita, -y- - chiito chechigumi, -kureva chirairo; Uye chigadziko, somuenzaniso, chinogona kunge chiri muzita ( kuwedzera ), uye muchiito ( kuuya ), uye muchirevo che ( coastal ). Kana mashoko ane mafirofi maviri uye zvikwata zviviri, apo prefixes hazvirevi pane chikamu chekutaura kweshoko rechimiro, uye zviyero - zvakasiyana: kusarudzwazve, kuvezve, kubata, kuvekorora.

Mashoko ane mavara akawanda

Mashoko aya, ane zvinyorwa zvakawanda, anowanzowanikwa muchiRussia. Semuenzaniso, mafomu emazwi ane bhanari yekutanga bi- . Ichi ndicho chiyero chekuyera umo chirevo chekutanga chinoreva kuwedzera nhamba nesimba reviri: bibbyte, exbyte, gibi-byte . Kune mazwi apo kufanirwa kufanana kwemafirosofi kunomira pamwe chete: zvakashata, kusaziva. Icho chirevo chinowanzobatana nevamwe kuti vape shoko shoko rinoreva. Saka, mazwi ane mairi maviri akafanotaurwa kare, akakanganwa, zuva rakapfuura zuro rine zvarinoreva, izvo zvinobatanidza prefixes zvakabatanidzwa - kutangira kwechinhu. Kufanana kwakagadzirirwa kwemashoko ne prefixes pane uye mberi , iyo kazhinji, kujoina chikamu chechitatu, kupa shoko rinoreva zvimwe zvekuita zvakanyanya: ponapet, ponaprydumyvat, ponaraspskazyvat.

Mashoko ane mbiri mbiri. Bhuku 3

Kudzidza kuumbwa kwemashoko emashoko kunotanga pachikoro chesekondari. Imwe nzira yekukwevera kutarisa kwevadzidzi kunyaya yacho ibasa rekugadzirisa kukorodzwa kwemashoko emashoko, anowanzoshandiswa nevana vechikoro. Sekuita basa rokuzvizadzikisa, vadzidzi vanokurudzirwa kusarudza mafomu emazwi kune dzimwe zvirongwa.

Somuenzaniso, zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinopiwa: Muchengeti, uyo asingazivikanwi muguta rino, akatora nyaya yacho, iyo isingagoni kubudiswa kwemakore akawanda. Mubvunzo unobata mumwe wevatungamiri vekambani huru iyo yakatongerwa mhosva. Nemhaka yeizvi, haaida kusarudzwa zvakare nokuda kweshoko idzva.

Mundima iyi zvakakosha kuwana mazwi ane prefixes mbiri, mudzi, chiyero uye kuguma. Mhinduro yakarurama ndeyokuti: hazvizivikanwe uye zvakare kusarudzwa .

Kuongororwa kwemashoko neanoverengeka prefixes

Mumutauro weRussia, uyo asina mazwi mashoma, mazwi mashomanana ane zvinyorwa zvinopfuura mana morphemes. Nyaya huru yemutauro iri nemashoko mashoma. Zvisinei, pane mazwi anoumbwa nemidzi yakawanda. Semuenzaniso, mazita akaoma anopikisa electrometallurgical, mazana mana nemakumi matanhatu-gramu. Kana mazwi ane prefixes akawanda. Semuenzaniso, mazwi ane mbiri mbiri, mudzi uye kuguma: wakaiswa, kuongororwa, kutengeswa . Kune mazwi ane zvizhinji zvezvigadziro, somuenzaniso, kugadzirisa, kudzidzisa. Mafomu emazwi, umo maine akawanda morphemes, haawanzowanika mumagwaro nemitauro. Asi ivo, uye ivo vakawanda kwazvo. Zvakakosha kuti ugone kunyatsosiyanisa mafomu emashoko muzvikamu zvishoma - morphemes. Izvi zvinobatsirwe ne-algorithm ye morphemic analysis:

• Shandura fomu yezwi kuti uwane kuguma;
• Gadzira shoko-maitiro maviri ekusiyanisa shoko-formative morpheme;
• Kusiyanisa zvose morphemes zvakajeka, somuenzaniso, -ya, -i, -ischa nevamwe;
• Sarudza mashoko emidzi ekutsvaga kwemidzi;
• Simbisa midzi;
• Tsvaga mazwi neefixes imwe chete;
• Sarudza miganhu ye affixes.

Iyi inongororongedzo yehutano hwekuongorora. Zvimwe zvemashoko aro zvinogona kubviswa, zvichienderana nezveshoko.

Prefixes yakasiyana nedzimwe morphemes

Mutauro weRussia unosanganisira boka remashoko ane zvinonzi "morphemes" yakasiyana-siyana, kureva, iyo inowanikwa mushoko rimwe chete. Mune mamwe mazwi, mudzi uye morphemes hazviparadzanisi: mudzi unowanikwa pamwe chete neimwe morphemes: kupfeka - mudzi hausi wakasununguka, kupfeka - mudzi hauna kusununguka. Midzi yakadai inonzi yakasungwa, haisi kuitika kunze kwekusimudza.

Mumutauro weRussia pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonamatira. Chimiro chavo chinosanganiswa nenhoroondo yerurimi, saka imwe kana imwe inonongedzwa inokwanisa kutsanangurwa chete kuburikidza ne etymology. Semuenzaniso, izwi remakore egore , iro rine chisarudzo chakasiyana-siyana-chakatsanangurwa nekuti chiito chakashandiswa kushandiswa mumutauro wekare - chaiva negore rimwe chete , uye munhu akapedza gore ikoko ainzi mwana wemakore rimwechete. Kune mazwi anotsanangura kukosha kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana mune zvakaoma. Saka, chinokwana -iri mumutauro oak kana chinokwana -ko mumashoko freaks akasiyana. Kana mashoko ane mafiropu maviri, ayo akasiyana, anofanirwa kutsvaga-uye- mumashoko anotamba uye anozvirumbidza .