Chikamu chekubatanidzwa uye chekuita chekuita: maitiro, mitemo, zvipupuriro

Vadzidzi vazhinji vanofarira: chii chinopindira uye gerundance, chii chiri musiyano pakati pekutora chikwereti uye gerundive mutengo? Kudzidzira kutsvaga tsanangudzo dzakasarudzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu zvinowanikwa munyaya. Inopawo ruzivo pamusoro pemhando dzechiito.

Vhesi uye maitiro echiito chaiwo

Chiito chiri mumutauro chinotungamirira chikamu chekutaura, chinorayira pamusoro pezviito uye zviito zvinenge zvichiitika zvakapoteredza. Pamwe chete nezita, anopinda muchirongwa chechirongwa chemurairo: Mukomana ari kushambira. Imba ichivakwa; Uye mumashoko ekunyora-akangoita mitsara yakazvimiririra inogadzira chirevo chazvo chekuti: Ndinoona! Tarisa pazvo. Yakanga ichinonoka. Vanomudana .

Kana tikafunga mitsara inosanganisira kubatanidzwa uye mazano ekubatanidzwa, tinogona kuona kuti ine mashoko mashomanana anoratidza nzira - participles kana gerunds. Zvose izvi ndezvenzwi, uye saramende yakafanana neshoko rechirevo, sezvo ine chirevo chechirevo chechidimbu uye inopindura mibvunzo yezvipikisi: chii? Chii? Uye vamwe, uye gerundive-neine chirevo, sezvo iriwo chikamu chisingachinji chekutaura uye anopindura mibvunzo huru yezvirevo: sei? Sei?

Iyo inobatanidzwa inoumbwa kubva pachigamba chechiito nechibatsiro chezvikwata -aas-, - jas-, -as-, -sush-, -sh-, -sh-, -s-, -nn-, -t-: kuchema, kutarisa, Impty, living, walking, certain, specified, sang. I-gerunds-nezvigunwe -, -y-, -yuchi, -uchi, -v, -shi-, -shav-: kudanidzira, kuimba, kutamba, kuenda, kutarisa, kuunza, kusangana.

Somuenzaniso: Uswa hwakasungira munda wose hwakakura, husingaregi kuti huve huri hurimwa. Muchirevo ichi, maitiro mana akasiyana-siyana anowanikwa: shoko rechiito chekare, chikadzi chevakadzi, yakakura - kusingaperi, kutora - saramende, kwete kupa - gerund. Zvinokwanisika kutora chikamu ichi nechipikisheni, uye chimiro chine mhizha: Uswa hwakasvibirira hwakakura zvikuru, uye mikana yekukura mumiti yakarimwa yaiva shoma. Mutongo wacho wakachengetwa zvinorehwa zvikuru, asi zviito zvekare zvakarasikirwa, izvo zvakaratidza kubhadhara kunobatsira uye kusingaiti. Kudzidzira kubva patafura iri pasi apa kuchakubatsira kudzidza kudziwana maitiro ekureva uye kusiyanisa kubva kune mumwe.

Kudzidzira kutsvaga maitiro mazita

Kutora chikamu chekutora chikamu senotsanangudzo isina kudzivirirwa

Kukurukurirana kwekukurukurirana inogadziriswa yeiyo inobatanidzwa neshoko rinotenderera. Nokudaro, chirevo: Bindu rinobudirira rakanga rakanaka - risina kubatanidzwa mumusangano wega, asi chirevo: Bindu rinowedzera mu dacha rakanga rakanaka - rine shanduko inobatanidzwa, sezvo kubatana kune shoko rinotenderera: kuzaruka (kupi?) Pari dacha.

Kuvakwa kwekutendeuka kunobatsira kunogona kusiyanisa, asi ichi chikwata chekugadzirisa chinonyanya kubatana nemashoko anovimba.

Kubudirira kunobatsira kunoda kusarudzwa, kana iri mushure mezwi guru: Mhowa inounganidzwa nemhuri yose inorara ikozvino pew pasi pepine; Kana zvichienderana neshoko remunhu pachake: Kurota rwendo rwakaenda kuCongo, akabudisa visa - kana ane mamwe mabvumirano kana zvimwe zvinorehwa zvinoreva: Akaneta nevashanyi vashanyi, Lena haana kusvika kumba.

Zvikanganiso mukushandiswa kwekukurumidza kunomhanya

Kushandisa kushandura kunobatsira mumutauro, zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitwa zvose zvigwaro nemagiramu. Zvikanganiso zvepumburu zvinowanikwa apo miganhu yeiyo yakagadziriswa isiri yakanyatsorondedzerwa, nekusatarisa kuverenga kwechirevo ichi nekutora chikwereti uye pakushaikwa kwezivo yezvinyorwa pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu ekuparadzanisa.

Chikanganiso chechiGraam mukushandiswa kwekuchinja kunobatanidzwa kunonyanya kubatana nekushandisa kusina kunaka kwekubatanidzwa kwemashamba mukutsvaga uye nekubatanidzwa kwakashata kwesakaramende nezwi guru. Somuenzaniso: North North Basketball Club yakasvika muguta rayo, yakabudirira kutamba muhutano. (Izwi rakarurama: North North Basketball Club, uyo akabudirira kutamba muhutano, akauya kumusha kwake ).

Kuchinja kunobatanidzwa semamiriro akasiyana

Kudzika-chikamu nemashoko anotendwa kunonzi kutora kunobatsira. Iyo gerundive uye gerundive inoshandiswa nguva dzose inodziviswa. Kugoverwa kwavo nemakasitendi hazvibvi pane nzvimbo yakatarisana neshoko guru. Semuenzaniso: Vakasvika vasinganzwisisi. Galya, achiona mhuka yakaisvonaka mumaoko ake, pakarepo akadzikama. Kuteerera, Kolya akaita manotsi. Usati uzvidzivirire kunze kwevaya gerunds avo vari chikamu chemashoko okuti: Mushure mamashure, akashanda nguva yose. Mwana wacho anoteerera nokufema-kufema- kana kushandura kune zvirevo: Tolya akaverenga asingakurumidza. Akanga akatsamwa, kwete kuseka.

Kubatanidzwa uye gerundive mutengo: maitiro

Tafura iri pasi apa inoratidzira mabasa akawanda ekutsvaga vanhu vari voga, vakaratidza kutora mukana kana kumira.

Iko kubatanidzwa uye kubhadhara (maitiro kubva patafura anotsigira izvi) kuwedzera kukosha kune chimwe chiito. Ivo, ivo vari nhengo dzakasiyana, vanongopfurikidza nekutonga kukuru, vakapedzisa munhepfenyuro.

Kuchinja kwekuita pamwe uye kwechikadzi: mienzaniso kubva mumabhuku

Zvirongwa zvekubata nekutora chikamu chinowanzobatanidzwa mumabasa emifananidzo. "Gungwa rakanga riri kufamba kunze kwemasvingo raiva rinotyisa," "Muduku wakamira uye, achigumburutsa gadfly huru yakanamatira bhiza, akapindura mhepo" (IA Bunin). "Kubva mangwanani kusvikira mangwanani pane zviduku ... mvura, inotendesa migwagwa yevhu uye makwara mumatope akaenderera ..." (AI Kuprin). "Yakapoteredzwa neshoko, vakaenda mumuganhu wakajeka, wakajeka ..." (VG Korolenko).