Kuvaka mitsara muChirungu. Proposal schemes in Shona

Iyo yakagadzirwa kuvaka mitsara muchiChirungu haigoneki pasina ruzivo rwemitemo inokosha yekuumbwa kwemaitiro avo. Saka, mumutauro weRussia kutsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu zvakakwana kutora mazwi anowanikwa mairi (mazita emagariro, zvinhu, nezvimwewo) uye kuvabatanidza pamwe chete nenzira yekuguma kunoumbwa ne declension nemhosva uye nhamba. Zvisinei, mutauro weChirungu hauna kusagadzikana kwakadaro, uye naizvozvo tsanangudzo yakarurama yemamiriro ezvinhu inogona kuwanikwa chete kana mitsara mumashoko akaiswa mune imwe nzira.

Mitsara yakajeka uye mararamiro avo

Zvinyorwa Chirevo cheChirungu chinoparadzaniswa kuva mhando mbiri - dzisiri dzisiri uye dzakajairika. Iyo yekare inongogadzirisa chete nyaya uye chirevo. Zvakakosha kuti nyaya yacho iri panzvimbo yekutanga, uye chirevo chiri panzvimbo yechipiri. Somuenzaniso: "Bhazi rakamira".

Rudzi rwechipiri rwemashoko akareruka, kunze kwemashoko makuru, rinoreva kusanganisira zviduku (kuwedzera, tsanangudzo, mamiriro ezvinhu). Kuvakwa kwemashoko muChirungu nekushandiswa kwevamwe nhengo dzechipiri kunotibvumira kutsanangura mamiriro makuru. Semuenzaniso: "Bhijhani yakamira pachiteshi" ("Yema bhasi yakamira pachiteshi"). Muchiitiko ichi, wekutanga mudiki wemutsara wacho (yellow) ndiyo tsanangudzo uye anotsanangura nyaya (bhazi), uye wechipiri ndiyo nzvimbo (panzvimbo yacho) uye inoreva chirevo (chakamira).

Narrative suggestions: kuvaka scheme

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kuguma kwemashoko echiChirungu hakugoni kuchinjwa, naizvozvo shoko rimwe nerimwe rinofanira kunge riri munzvimbo yakanyatsorongerwa (iyi inonzi kudongeka kwemashoko). Kana zvisina kudaro, chinangwa chekutsvaga chichasvibiswa, uye munhu ari kuverenga achagamuchira zvisina kururama, dzimwe nguva kunyange zvakasiyana, ruzivo. Uye kana muchiRussia tinogona kuti: "Nhasi ndakapinda kuma cinema", "Ndakaenda kumafirimu zuro" kana kuti "Nhasi ndakaenda kumitambo" -kudaro zvirongwa zvepozvino zvemuChirungu hazvibvumiri izvi.

Kunyange zvazvo mutauro weRussia uchanzwisisa chinangwa chechiitiko chacho, kunyange kana mashoko akasiyana, muchiChirungu zvinhu zvose zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, pasinei nokuti tinotaura here muchiRussia "Jack akarova Jim" kana "Jim akarova Jack", ruzivo ruchagamuchirwa zvakanaka. Asi muchiChirungu, zvirevo zviviri zvakadai, "Jack akarova Jim" uye "Jim akarova Jack" ane zvinoreva zvakasiyana. Yokutanga inoshandurwa se "Jack hit Jim", uye wechipiri - "Jim akarova Jack." Kuti udzivise kusanzwisisana kwakadaro, zvakakosha kuvaka zvirevo muChirungu maererano nechirongwa chinotevera: kutanga nzvimbo yacho, chipiri - chirevo, chechitatu - kuwedzera uye yechina - mamiriro ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso: "Tinoita basa redu nemufaro". Inobvumirwawo kuisa mamiriro ezvinhu epanguva yacho uye nguva isati yasvika, somuenzaniso: "Panguva ino ndiri kubika kudya".

Mitsara isina kunaka nekusa

Mitsara isina kunaka muChirungu ine hurongwa hunotevera:

1. Nyaya.
2. Kutanga kwepurojekiti.
3. Nhamba isina kunaka haisi.
4. Kuguma kwepurojekiti.
5. Zita rokuti chikamu chemuongorori.

Mienzaniso inosanganisira mitsara yakaipa inotevera muChirungu: "Handisi kuverenga bhuku" kana "Handina kuona Kelly munguva" ("Handina kuona Kelly kwechinguva = Ini Handina kuona Kelly kwenguva refu ").

Kana mitemo isina kunaka inoshandisa zviito muZvire Zvakananga kana Zvekare Zvakare, zvinoderedzwa kuva "do / does / did + main form". Somuenzaniso, "Handidi mouses", "Haadi rubatsiro" kana kuti "Steven haana kutarisa akaneta".

Mitsara isina kunaka nemashoko asina kunaka

Kuita mitsara muchiChirungu chechimiro chakaipa hakugoneki nekushandiswa kwechidimbu kwete, asi mune imwe nzira. Zviri pamusoro pekuvaka chimiro nehuwandu hwemashoko asina kunaka, anosanganisira zvinotevera: hapana, hapana, hapana, hapana, hapana, hapana.

Somuenzaniso: "Hapana aida kuunza chigaro". Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mumutauro umwe weChirungu haugone kuisa matiki ose, uye shoko risina kunaka. Saka, mutsara wokuti "Handizivi chinhu" muchiChirungu chinoshandura sekuti "Handizivi chinhu" uye hapana mubvunzo "Ini handizivi".

Kupindura mibvunzo

Kurongororwa kwepabvunzwa kunogona kuiswa nenzira yemibvunzo yakawanda uye inokosha. Saka, mibvunzo yakawanda inoratidza "hongu / kwete" mhinduro. Somuenzaniso: "Wakada bhuku here?" Kana kuti "Wakambove muParis here?" ("Wakamboenda kuParis?"). Kana iri mibvunzo inokosha, zvakakosha kunyora zvirevo mumutauro weChirungu zvechimiro ichi apo zvakakosha kuwana humwe ruzivo rwakajeka pamubvunzo wakapiwa - maruva, nguva, zita, chinangwa, kureba, nezvimwe. Somuenzaniso: "Chii chaunofarira mafirimu?" Kana "Inguva yakareba sei kuenda kuPrague?" ("Kusvikira kuPrague kwapera rini?").

Muchiitiko chekutaura chiito chekuenda kana kuti kuva, mibvunzo yakawanda inogadzirwa nenzira inotevera: kutanga chirevo, uye ipapo nyaya yacho. Muchiitiko chacho apo chirevo chinosanganisira chirevo chemazwi kana chekubatsira, ndiye iye anoiswa pamberi pehurukuro. Kana chiito ichi chinoratidzwa muNhasi kana Past Simple, do / did or did.

Nekuda kwemashoko mukuvakwa kwemubvunzo wakakosha, zvakafanana nehuwandu, kunze kwekuti pakutanga kwekutongerwa kunofanira kuva neshoko remibvunzo: ndiani, kana, chii, nguva yakareba sei ( Kusvikira rini), kupi (kupi), sei (sei) sei.

Zvisingabatsiri zvido

Tichifunga nezvemavara emitsara muChirungu, munhu haagoni kubatsira kutaura nezvezvirevo zvakakosha. Izvo zvakakosha nokuda kwekutaura kwechikumbiro, kukurudzirwa kwechiito, kurongeka, uye kurambidzwa kana zvasvika kune zvisina kunaka fomu.

Mutongo unobatsira unoratidza kururamisa kwemashoko, asi pakutanga chiito chinoiswa: "Ndipe peni yangu, ndapota" ("Ndipe peni yangu, ndapota"). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chivakwa ichi chinogona kuva neshoko rimwe chete: "Run!" (Run!). Unoda kugadzirisa urongwa kana kuitora kuva chikumbiro, mukurukuri angashandisa iwe, iwe kana iwe haungakusi iwe nekuisa pamagumo emutsara.

Chirevo chemashoko

Kuvakwa kwemitsara mumutauro wechiChirungu chechimiro chekunyadzisa kunoitwa nenzira imwecheteyo seyakagara iripo, zvisinei kuti inofanirwa kutumidzwa nemanzwiro, uye pamutsamba pakuguma kwekuvakwa kwakadaro chirevo chinowanzoiswa . Somuenzaniso, "Wakanaka kwazvo!" Kana kuti "Ndiri kufara kwazvo!" ("Ndiri kufara!").

Muchiitiko apo chirevo chinokurudzira chinoda kuwedzera kukurudzira, unogona kushandisa mubvunzo wemashoko kuti chii uye sei. Semuenzaniso, "Imba yakakura sei!", "Imwe mafirimu anosuruvarisa!" Kana kuti "Zvakanaka sei Matt anogona kutamba!" ("Zvakanaka sei matambo yeMat ! "). Zvakakosha kuziva kuti munyaya yekushandisa imwe nyaya mune imwe chete, chinyorwa chisingaverenge a kana chinodiwa.

Mitsara yakazara: tsanangudzo uye maitiro

Mukuwedzera pamashoko akareruka, kune zvimwe zvinonetsa zvakaumbwa nekubatanidza yekare. Mitsara yakaoma uye yakaoma mitauro yemitauro iri muchiChirungu ine hurongwa hwakaoma. Kusiyana pakati pavo kunowanikwa mukuti iyo yekutanga inomirira chivakwa chine mitsetse miviri yakasununguka yakazvimirira, uye yechipiri - mukuru uye mumwe kana vakawanda vanovimba (pasi).

Mitsetse yakaoma inogadzirwa uchishandisa zvibvumirano zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai se (uye) uye (kana) kana (asi), asi (asi), (kubvira), asi (zvisinei). Kana iri masangano anoshandiswa kugadzira mitsara yakaoma, inogoverwa kuva maboka anotevera:

• Cause / effect: kubva, nokuti, naizvozvo (nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, naizvozvo), saka (saka, zvakadaro);
• Nguva: mberi (mberi, mberi), panguva (apo, nguva), shure, apo;
• Zvimwe: kunyange (pasinei nokuti izvo), kana (kana, kana), kunyange (kunyange zvakadaro), kunze kwe (kana bedzi).

Mune mitsara yose iri nyore, iyo yakaoma yakajeka iyo yakanyorwa, mutemo wakananga unofanirwa kuchengetedzwa. Kune nhamba huru yemitsara muChirungu, asi zvisinei nokuti yakadini, mutemo wekutanga wekuvaka unofanira kuremekedzwa.

Mhando yemitoo miviri

Mitsara yemitemo muChirungu inoshandiswa kurondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu nemaitiro akasiyana. Vanogona kutora maitiro akasiyana-siyana, asi kakawanda zvivakwa zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa: "Kana Chiitiko, (ipapo) Chirevo" (Kana Chiitiko, (ipapo) Chirevo). Somuenzaniso, "Kana kuchidziya, vanhu vazhinji vanoda kuenda kuPaki", "Kana iwe ukatenga chipfeko ichi, ndichakupa magirazi ega" ("Kana ukatenga izvi Kupfeka, ini ndichakupa magirafu ega ").

Mitsara yemitemo muChirungu yakakamurwa kuva mhando mitatu. Yokutanga inoshandiswa kuratidza mamiriro chaiwo, zvigoneki zvingabatanidzwa chero nguva (nguva yemberi, iripo, yapfuura). Kuvaka chivakwa chakadaro, mutongo mukuru unoshandisa chiito mune chimiro chamangwana, uye muchikamu chemukati chinoshandiswa muhuwandu hwemazuva ano.

Yechipiri inorondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu asingagoneki anoreva ramangwana kana iye zvino. Kuti uite mutambo wakadaro, chikamu chikuru checho chinofanira kushandisa izwi rechiito rinofanira kunge kana kana uye chiito muchiito chechimiro chisina chidimbu, uye nenzira yakaderera tinenge tine chiito chekuti tive kana kuti maitiro eAkareruka kune vamwe vose.

Uye chechitatu inobatanidza mamiriro asina kuzadzika kare. Chikamu chikuru chemutsetse wacho chakavakwa uchishandisa izwi rechiito rinofanira kunge / raizoita uye chiito muchiito chemazuva ano, uye chikamu chemukati ishoko rechiito nenzira ye Past Perfect.