Chiito cheFrench kuva: kugadziriswa nenguva nekufungidzira

Chimwe chezviito zvakajairika muchiFrench ndechemumiri wechitatu, asina kukodzera boka rine. Kubatana kwechiito ichi kunofanirwa kubatidzirwa kubva panguva yekudzidza mutauro nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Kutanga, inowanikwa mumabasa akawanda ezuva nezuva. Nekubatsira kwayo, vanorondedzera makore avo uye kuvapo kwechimwe chinhu, uye vanotsanangurawo mamiriro ezvinhu (kutonhora, kupisa, nzara kana nyota, nezvimwewo). Chikonzero chechipiri chirongwa chemugiramu: nekubatsirwa kwekuwana dzimwe nguva dzakaoma dzinoumbwa umo dzinoshanda somubatsiri nemutauro mukuru wechiito.

Zvinoreva chiito

Kushandurirwa muchiRussia kwechiito ichi kuchaenderana nemashoko okuti, "kuva, kuwana chimwe chinhu", uyewo "kuwana chimwe chinhu".

Mukuwedzera pane zvakatemwa zvemashoko, shoko rechiito rinopindawo mukuvakwa kweiyo, iro rinopesana ne nguva maererano nemitemo inokosha. Iko kune maitiro maviri: yekutanga inogona kushandurwa se "chimwe chinhu pane imwe nzvimbo", inoshandiswa kune tsanangudzo uye zvinyorwa. Izwi rechipiri rinoreva nguva uye rinoshandurwa se "yekare". Somuenzaniso:

1. Il est une table et une chaise dans sa chambre. ("Kune tafura uye chigaro muimba yake.")
2. Janette is coming there an hour ago. ("Janet akasvika awa imwe yapfuura.")

Chinhu chisina basa

Iko kanomwe, iyo inongova chete inoshandiswa zvikuru: Présent, Futur, Passé Composé, Imparfait. Ngationgororei zvinhu zveumwe neumwe wavo.

Mune nguva yemazuva ano, tsamba yekutanga ye stem inochengeterwa, kunze kwomufomu wechitatu wezvizhinji (they ont).

Mune nguva yemberi yekare chiito chekugadzirisa kunobva pane-a-.

Mukusakanganiswa, izwi rechiito rine zvinhu zviviri: chikonzero cheku- uye kuonekwa kwekugadzirisa kunopera. Uyezve, tsamba -i-inowanikwa mune imwechete uye mumunhu wechitatu wezvizhinji, apo tsamba dzinotevera hadzina kuziviswa. I-i-tsamba inowanikwa muna 2 ne3 zviso zvezvizhinji zvisati zvataurwa.

Mune nguva yakaoma yePassé Composé, unofanirwa kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana dzekubata kaviri. Kubatana kwekutanga kunowirirana nemafungiro epanguva ino, chikamu chechipiri chikamu chepakutanga kwehuyu.

Sezvo chiito ichi chiri mubatsiri mukugadzirwa kwePassé Composé, mumwe anofanira kuchishandisa panguva ino yemazwi sechiito-boka, ndokuzosimbisa chikamu chechirevo chechirevo chekutanga chemashoko kuti uwane mhedziso munguva yapfuura.

Mafungiro emitemo uye anozviisa pasi kune avo

Kugadziriswa kwechiito mune izvi zvinogona kurangarirwa nezvinoitika zvinotevera. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, nheyo inoshandiswa iyo yakafanana nenguva yenguva yemberi (aur-), uye kuguma kunowirirana ne Imparfait. Muchirevo chekuzviisa pasi, pachava nemheyo miviri: ai- zvisati zvaitika kusagadziriswa uye ay- asati ataurwa.

Kufarira mafungiro

Pamwe pamwe nezvimwe zvido, iwe unoda kuziva kugadzira zvikumbiro uye mairairo uchishandisa ava (conjugation). Mutauro wechiFrench une maitiro maviri anokosha, ma 3 mavara. Munguva yemazuva ano pane maitiro akatorwa kubva ku Subjonctif (aie, ayons, ayez). Mune nguva yapfuura, wechipiri anobatanidzwa eu yakawedzerwa kwavari.