Zvenyika tsika iri XVII remakore. Kuwedzera nemagariro ukama Europe

XVII remakore - zana remakore nokuda National nhoroondo Transitional uye tsika. Nguva iyi kuonekwa nguva. Ndipo apo nyika yedu kuumba mabviro nokuda yakakurumbira naPetro kuchinja. The chikuru chezvinonhuwira izvi - the zvenyika tsika.

nguva Overview

The akakodzera nguva inonakidza ichocho, izvo zvinoratidza zvakajeka kuti kuchinja Peter handina simuka pasina. Vaiva wechisikigo zvakaipira zvose yapfuura kukura munyika. Panyaya iyi, remakore kudzidzwa zvinokosha nokuti panguva iyi nguva mave vachinje zvikuru zvinenge mabhora ose oupenyu paruzhinji. Kuchinja sei zvematongerwo enyika, upfumi, vanhu. Uyezve, Russia yasvika kuridza vakakurumbira uye rinooneka basa dzakawanda ukama Western Europe. Naizvozvo, zvenyika tsika dzinofanira munyaya yacho-vataurwa pamusoro zvakagadzirwa.

The chikuru mirayiridzo okukura

Muzvirevo remakore, chitendero inoremekedzwa nzvimbo munhoroondo uye nounyanzvi Russia. Hurumende, vanhu, dzidzo richinzi nayo, izvo akasiya kuoneka mucherechedzo pamusoro upenyu uye zvinofungwa nevanhu. Zvisinei, muzana remakore XVII, mutsva kuitika okukura: kuwedzerwa ukama Western Europe, saka munyika yedu, leaked dzimwe kubudirira. Vakadzidza madenderedzwa munzanga vakatanga kuratidza kufarira enyika ruzivo, sainzi, tsika uye, pakupedzisira, kuti European nzira youpenyu.

Zvose izvi zviri kuoneka chaizvo nezvainoita hwemazuva upenyu Russian vemo. Nekwakewo okukura, iro akasarudzwa panguva akakodzera nguva - iri kuitika kukwereta huru kuita uye zvakagadzirwa kubva kunze kwenyika. Pakutanga izvi zvakaitwa chete kuuya pedyo Muscovite vatongi uye vakakurumbira vairemekedzwa vaigona kutenga dzinodhura dzimwe zvinhu. Nhamba yevanhu zvakadaro kusawirirana zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi rukoko duku uye zvadaro akava mutsigiri nokuti Peter I paanenge achiri kuchinja.

preconditions kwokuchinja

Zvenyika tsika wamuka somugumisiro yose yapfuura kukura nhoroondo Russian. Chokwadi ndechokuti kunyange kuMiddle Ages, machinda Moscow akakoka vatorwa kumatare ake pakuvaka, uyewo vanachiremba, navavezi, navapfuri vesimbi uye vaimbi. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiyo kukokwa Ivan III akakurumbira Italian mapurani Aristotle fioravanti pedyo hurongwa kubvuma Cathedral muMoscow Kremlin. Mumwe muenzaniso - basa unyanzvi Greek rokupenda Feofana Greka muRussia.

Muzviitiko zvakadaro kuMudzidzisi nguva kurapwa wavanatenzi vatorwa kwaisawanzoitika. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakanga pachena. Chokutanga, tiri kutaura pamusoro katsika wokuRussia nzanga kuti nokukwereta kuWestern European ruzivo. Chechipiri, zvazova chinodiwa kuti mananara dzakadai zvenyika tsika.

Household nyaya

Mabhuku rechi17 zviri chaizvo akaratidza muitiro uyu vakananga kupinda zivo yokunyika uye kubudirira mune unyanzvi. Chokwadi kuti panguva zvinhu nguva paiva Genres itsva, ane chinangwa haana chete kudzidzisa, asiwo kuvaraidza muverengi. Panyaya iyi, musi mukuru panzvimbo pane munhu munhu, chido chake uye chido kuti mberi muupenyu, kuti vabudirire imwe nzvimbo. Genres izvi zvinosanganisira anonzi mumhuri nengano. Mienzaniso ake mabasa, "The zvakaedza Savva Grudtsyn", "A zvakaedza nhamo uye dambudziko" uye vamwe. chinhu yavo yakanga kuti yaitaura mufananidzo dissimilar vatambi vatambi, avo mugove matambudziko oupenyu yakaoma. Uye, Chikurukuru, hachishandi vave achiteerera zvikuru kuti unhu vatambi.

satire

Mabhuku rechi17 Zvinofadza nechokwadi chokuti yakaumbwa panguva satire ichi. Authors ari nani chibhende nzira vaishora zvinokanganiswa wepanguva muboka revatungamiriri. Kazhinji, nyaya zvinosetsa vakava vakuru, vatongi, chiokomuhomwe uye embezzlement. Pakati yakakurumbira mabasa Genre ichi kuti kunzi "The zvakaedza ari Shemyakin dare", "A zvakaedza Ruff Ershoviche" uye vamwe. Kuonekwa nemabasa ichi mhando zvinoratidza kuti Russian tsika wakapinda idzva Danho okukura. The enyika kunoita mabhuku kwakaoneka. Zvino wakataura pamusoro zvakakomba kuchinja nevoruzhinji kuziva.

nhoroondo mabasa

Pakutanga remakore aizivikanwa zvinotyisa nehana nyika. Smoot, dynastic nenyonganyonga, kutyisidzira Poles kubatwa mamiriro kudzvinyirira of youmambo - zvose akakatyamadza, kunetseka kwazvo voruzhinji. Vanhu vakatanga vachishingaira kunzwisisa zvakaitika. venhoroondo zhinji uye vanyori mune zvavainyora vakaedza kuwana chikonzero ichi pamwero mukuru njodzi kuti kwakakatyamadza Moscow mamiriro. Kuedza izvi kunzwisisa uye kunzwisisa chii chakaitika uye kuratidza zvakakomba inochinja mune maonero madenderedzwa vakadzidza. Vakadzidza vakatanga kuongorora kuchinja zvakaitika munyika. Saka, mumwe Genre itsva chenhau rondedzero, kazhinji kuna Nguva Troubles ( "zvakaedza 1606").

Changing nyika

Vanhu vari tsika XVII remakore - mumwe chinokosha zvinetso kunzwisisa mubvunzo kuti chii chaiva nhangaruvanze kuti shanduko unyanzvi nyika yedu munguva pasi kudzidza. Chokwadi chokuti vakadzidza madenderedzwa nzanga zvinonyatsoda enyika ruzivo. madzimambo akawanda aswedera Michael uye Alekseya Romanovichey akatora pamusoro nebudiriro Western Europe. Asiwo mumaguta ezvinhu uye kuverengwa akafarirawo enyika mabhuku, izvo akanga chiratidzo zvakajeka kuchinja kuitika.

Vanhu vari tsika ano vava kupfuura kugamuchira zvenyika uye varaidzo Genres. Vaifarira yemitambo, Ngano, satire. The chikamu kuverenga vanhu kwakawedzera mukuenzaniswa yapfuura nguva. Kuwanda mabhuku yakawedzera, akatanga kuparadzira rinodhindira. Mudare kufanorongwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nezvinobvamo. Zvose izvi anoratidza kuchinja chakakura maonerwo nenguva, iro raiva Pfungwa hwaro nokuda Petrine shanduko mune inotevera remakore.

Zvikuru mamirire kuchinja

The tsika rechi17 yazova regadziriro pave kukura revatongi uye anokudzwa uri pasi Peter I. mariri mune Genres itsva zvose munzvimbo romubati zvakasikwa. Somuenzaniso, kwakapararira parsuna - Portraits wemadzimambo uye vamwe vanhu vakakurumbira vakanga vasina zvakaitika zvakafanana, zvisinei, akangosikwa zvenyika Genre. Chimwe kuchinja chinokosha ndechokuti nhengo dzakawanda kwamachinda akatakurirwa vokumadokero European hwokusanyara nhumbi, wakange asipo pamberi. Saka fungidzira Sophia - Vasily Golitsyn - yakarongwa yake neimba chinhu chakafanana muunganidzwa dzinodhura zvinhu yabva kumwe. Vazhinji akapa pachavo nemabhuku uye mumaraibhurari. kuchinja izvi rwakagadzirira nzira kuitwa ane vanhu vakadzidza ounyanzvi Western.

mumagariro mamiriro ezvinhu

The tsika rechi17 mune pedyo chokuita mukuru kuchinja kwezvematongerwo enyika munyika. Chokwadi kuti panguva zvinhu nguva, zviri pachena pane kuoneka katsika kukwereta yemhando pfungwa nebudiriro West. Zvisinei, zvikwereti izvi havasati azviwanira yakafara zvezvinotaurwa yakadai, sapamazuva chinotevera remakore. Asi chokwadi chaiva pachena. Somuenzaniso, kuchinja vakanga vakachengeta muchiuto bhora, sezvo pamwe Romanovs okutanga ikadzikapo echiShinto mutsva West European womuenzaniso. Maererano yakakurumbira wenhau S. M. Solovova, panguva ino, "vanhu vakaungana padare", kureva. E. All munyika raibva kuti shanduko uye kuchinja.

kunyora nokuverenga

Munda tsika, umo kuchinja zvaitika, vakanga sezvinotevera: mabhuku, kupenda, mapurani. Tichishandisa mabhuku kare yakurukurwa. Zvinofanira chete ichawedzerwa kuti akadzidza yaitonga kuparadzira kuverenga munyika. Kunyanya nokushingaira zvinobudisa mabhuku yevagari kugutsikana: primers, girama mabhuku. Uyezve, rinovhura chikoro dzose. Pakati pavo, ivo necheSalvic-Greek-Latin Academy, razova imwe yakakurumbira masangano rokudzidzisa muRussia.

Kutarisana musekiwa

The kupenda zvakare kwakange kuchinja. Pfungwa zvenyika mutsika uye akabata nzvimbo iyi, chii kare yakurukurwa pamusoro. Zvinofanira akawedzera kuti vamwe kuchinja vaiva iconography. Pamwe chete zvetsika dzakafuridzirwa tsamba, vemifananidzo vakatanga kushandisa nebudiriro unyanzvi Western. Somuenzaniso, fryazhskie maitiro. Painters mabasa akatungamirira Armory. Uye yakakurumbira munyori, mumwe rokupenda aiva Simon Ushakov.

kuvaka

Changes remakore vanobatwawo dzine tsika, sezvo mapurani uye mitambo. Muzana XVII remakore, vakatangazve kuvhiringidzwa pashure rakabvongodzwa nguva kuvakwa zviitiko ibwe. Zvinonzi rambidzwa kuvaka kereke mutende-mhanya, sezvo akanga akasiyana kubva Byzantine. Netemberi dzakavakwa pamwe domes mashanu chakafanana hanyanisi. Pane manyorero itsva: inonzi Naryshkin Baroque. Its chinokosha ndiko kushandiswa matsvuku mavara, uyewo kupfuma zvishongo. Zvenyika wokuRussia tsika panguva zvinhu nguva kuratidza kuti zvibereko yevagari kuvakwa. The Zvivako dzakakurumbira ndivo Terem Palace in Kremlin, zvavatengesi makamuri nezvimwe zvivako.

itsva-Kutarira

Chinokosha nokuchinja zvidavado chitarisiko kazhinji anonzi ushe Peter I. Ndiye nani hasha uye eccentric chimiro akaita dare ake uye vanokudzwa vose vanopfeka Western rokwe European, nokuveura ndebvu dzavo uye akarayira pavasikana kupfeka dzoumambokadzi vaiva mufashoni panguva dzimwe fashionistas. Zvisinei, muzana remakore rechi17 zvipfeko kwave kuchiita zvimwe zvachinja. Saka, panguva paruvanze First Emperor vamutangira aigona kare kuona kwamachinda mu zvokupfeka German. Golitsyn zvakare vakanamatira chambotaurwa nezvacho Western European mufashoni.

kumwedzi ukoshi

Nhoroondo Russian tsika conventionally unotora maitikiro akawanda: wekare nguva, muchinda, romuMiddle Rus, imwe nguva itsva, XIX remakore, Soviet uye yazvino pachikuva. Pane zvakarongwa pasi vadzidza zera chatinokoshesa, sezvo rakava regadziriro Danho nokuda yakakura kuchinja Peter I. Panguva ino, yemamiriro ezvinhu kuti kufarirwa ruzivo yokunyika sayenzi uye tsika. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanotokwanisa tichingoda kuona kupararira Kujekerwa pfungwa munyika yedu. Zvenyika wokuRussia tsika muzana remakore rechi17 kwakakanganisa munzvimbo zvose zvoupenyu. Uye kuti kunokosha musiyano wayo kubva isati Ndimi dzose nguva, apo nokukwereta kuWestern kubudirira uye zvakagadzirwa kwave nguva dziri kure uye enyika ruzivo yambokurukurwa chaizvo havaratidzi.

Isa mugango-European budiriro

Nyika tsika nenhumbi dzayo kusiyana asi vane vakawanda mutsetse kuchinja. Pakutanga panowanikwa vakasiyana zvechitendero zvikuru. Faith azara zvose zvinobatanidzwa kwenzanga uye rinotsanangura unhu hwavo. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma mune unyanzvi uye munzanga kuziva seeps rokunyika ruzivo, izvo anochinja nemaonero evanhu. Tichichengeta chikuru chitendero vatenzi vari kutanga kuratidza kufarira yakawanda yevanhu munhu, asi hwenyika zvaimunetsa.

Panyaya iyi, tsika uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva ramakore rechi17 kuRussia vakapfuura imwe nzira kukura, uye kuti West European nyika. Zvisinei, mune mamiriro edu vechitendero kuziva ichiri zvikuru pakutsvaga magariro, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvetsika upenyu. Chokwadi chokuti munyika dzokuMadokero European akatanga kuparadzira enyika ruzivo kare muna XII-XIII emakore. Uye nyika yedu chete munguva pasi pakudzokorora. Panyaya iyi, chitendero uye zvinotevera emakore vakatora nzvimbo vakakurumbira munzanga.

Relations pamwe West

Panguva zvinhu nguva kuwedzera ukama reRussia pamwe Europe. vatenzi Foreign akatanga kuridza guru basa tsika kukura nyika yedu. Somuenzaniso, hama vaGiriki akavamba yakakurumbira necheSalvic-Greek-Latin Academy. Simioni pakati Polotsk, Belarussian-kuzvarwa, vakaita basa rakakura kupararira dzidzo pasuwo ramambo. Iye vakabatsira kutanga mabhuku uye nhetembo.

Panguva iyi remakore, nyika yedu yasvika kuridza basa rinokosha mune dzakawanda munhandare, kubatana wemasangano kuWestern inoti. Somuenzaniso, Russia akatora mugove War Yemakore Makumi Matatu. izvi zvose chakabata upenyu enyika munyika, iyo sokuti chikamu European nzvimbo. Kuchinja Maonero kwete chete vanoonekwa tsika uye rokudzidzisa mutemo, asi muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Uye kunyange nguvo rechi17 akapupura kuti chokwadi chokuti madenderedzwa vakadzidza nzanga akanzwa kufarira kwavo vavakidzani.

Pachivanhu

Pasinei nokubudirira izvi, kuRussia iwe akasara pane kuchinja. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vava kuzadzisa nyika dzokuMadokero European, rebei chikamu vanhu zvakadaro vakaita chaizvo nezvinenge epamba utsanzi uye zvakasiyana kune dzimwe novelties. Hazvishamisi, kuchinja Peter vakanga vachinzwisisa sechinhu wokumwe uye mutorwa kuna wokuRussia mweya. Saka, mupfungwa iyi, iyo zvenyika nezvetsika ngavataure pamwe Reservations uye nokungwarira zvikuru.

Kuchinja kuti vakatora nzvimbo munharaunda, hapana mubvunzo, ipai chikonzero kudana ino chaiyo Danho, chinokosha nguva kukura. Asi hatifaniri kufuratira chokwadi kuti mune Russian mutsika dzakawanda akaramba ayo chetsika, nemamwe kuti zvinhu zvaro. Wokutanga Zvechokwadi, anouya evanhu nyika. Kutora pamusoro zvipfeko, fashoni, madenderedzwa dzakawanda vanhu asi akaramba akatendeka kusvikira akwegura tsika, tsika, tsika. Izvi zvinonyanya pachena akava pachena munguva yaitonga Peter I. Mambo aifanira kupikiswa kubva boyars, waiva vasingadi kugamuchira zvakagadzirwa ake. Zvisinei, mambo wokutanga vakawana nzvimbo pakati paavo vakanamatira mutemo rapprochement pamwe Western Europe.