Italian injiniya Aristotle fioravanti: Biography

History engineering mapurani pfungwa izere usage, asi vamwe vacho vamire panze uye vakakodzerwa vakaparadzana peji munhau.

Birth uye muduku

Muna 1415 iye akaberekwa murongedzeri huru Aristotle fioravanti. Upenyu uye kushanda akatanga muna Bologna. Mukomana aonekwa anoremekedzwa mapurani wemhuri, uye nzira yake nyanzvi chakafanorongwa. Childhood panguva yakanga pfupi: kubva 5 years, remangwana mapurani vakapedza nguva yakawanda mumusangano uye panguva dzaiitwa zvokuvaka, achiteerera baba kutaura vashandi uye sizing kukwira zviridzwa uye zvigadziriswe.

Kudzidza uye kusimudzira basa

Dive kupinda basa vakatanga fioravanti kuti basa raizondipa unyanzvi hunodiwa mubhizimisi remhuri. Artel fioravanti aiva chinyorwa chakanaka Bologna, tongai guru uye nomukurumbira mirairo. Chimwe mapurani sekuru agamuchira kurayira makuru akadai kuri kuwedzera kune vekare kumuzinda Akkursio muna Bologna, uye baba vake vakavaka Palazzo Comunale, vakakuvara mumoto. Mukomana akakurira idzi dziri kuvakwa uye takabatikana unyanzvi zhinji uye ruzivo. By makore 15 akanga atova haunyatsokodzeri mainjiniya uye ezvivako. Documents dzinoratidza kuti muna 1436 wechidiki fioravanti vaiitawo Kudzingwa mabhero kuti Palace Del Podesta, mumwe muitiro iyo mumazuva iwayo waida chaizvo unyanzvi.

kuva tenzi

By makore 25 Aristotle kugona zvose uchenjeri basa uye aishingaira akaramba kushanda mubhizimisi remhuri. Kana baba vake vakafa fioravanti chinokosha mumaoko avo akatora munin'ina wake, uye gamba ino kwava azere nhengo pamwe.

Mukomana injiniya aifanira kutanga, uye kutsvaka mikana kuronga dzakazvimirira mabhizimisi, akaenda kuRoma. In guru, Aristotle aishanda sechikwata, kutakura uye dzishandise mbiru mutemberi Minerva. Akanga munyaya pamwero mukuru muzvirongwa wakafanana injiniya. Ikoko ndakadzidza kutama yakakura zvinhu, uye izvozvo zvakaita kuti anyanye kushingaira rwokugadzira mafungiro.

basa makore: Aristotle fioravanti - Italian injiniya

Muna 1453 imwe yotunga mapurani vakadzokera Bologna kuita mirayiridzo kubva mutoro omunharaunda munharaunda - anotungamirira pave bhero shongwe. Panguva basa iri, asi injiniya zvakakomba kufunga kuvandudzika engineering michina. Izvi zvakaguma rokutanga Mukurumbira fioravanti injiniya.

Muna 1455, Aristotle akaratidza nyika ive ouinjiniya chinoshamisa: akakwanisa kufamba bhero shongwe kereke Santa Mariya Madzhore ndiyo 13 mamita. Nokuti ichi akashandisa mashandiro rake kuvamba uye akakwanisa kuita basa kuti nhasi hakusi nyore.

Neshongwe yakanga takapoteredzwa chinokosha yemapuranga keji rwunotiponesawo kuvaka kubva tipping pamusoro. Engineer aishandisa akasiyana panguva musimboti kuparadzirwa gwaro simba nokuda kwemagedhi shoma.

Slava fioravanti rakapararira Italy, uye ikozvino makanika akakumbirwa kuita kwazvo akarayira kuti, mukuwedzera anozivikanwa kuunza mari zvakanaka. Saka, iye vakabudirira anombotwasanudza Leaning shongwe Cento uye bhero shongwe Venice. Zvisinei, bhero shongwe yakaparara muna 2 Mazuva pashure nzira, uye zvose vakadzidzisa fioravanti vanyatsohuongorora kuongorora ivhu, tisati taita basa.

Sezvo 1456 fioravanti anotanga vachishingaira mubasa mapurani mirairo. Zvinoshanda pamusoro vavakezve kwezvivako makore Bologna, kugadziridza nomugero uye anoita zvakasiyana siyana mirairo dzomumaguta vomunharaunda. mabasa tenzi wacho kwaunoita, mukurumbira wake ari chete kukura, uye muna 1458 akakokwa kuMilan kuti kushumira mudare Duke, apo Aristotle uye akashanda anenge 6 makore.

Gare gare, murongedzeri vakadzokera Bologna uye anoita zvakasiyana siyana varayirwa, kusanganisira mabhiriji, shongwe, nhare akavaka uye akadzorerwa. Kubva 1464 aiva injiniya uye guta Bologna munzvimbo ino kusvikira parufu rwake, pasinei nokuti Tauriranai ndirege tenzi kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana nomumaguta Italy, uyewo muHungary uye Russia.

Aristotle fioravanti akavaka dzimba dzakawanda vakakurumbira nguva yaro. Ake nesimba yakavakwa mugero mutaundi Cento, vavakezve Palazzo Del Podesta, asi kubwinya tenzi panguva iyoyo kupfuura vaiumba injiniya mapurojekiti, uyewo aizivikanwa munyika mapurani achiri kuuya.

Tough nguva Aristotle fioravanti

Muupenyu hwake hwose, Aristotle fioravanti nomubvunzo nemanomano godo vakwikwidzi. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, akaramba aifanira kuchinja nzvimbo yavo yokugara uye basa. A chikuru nokurohwa wematambudziko raiva murongedzeri mhosva coining mari yokunyepera, zvakaitika muna 1473. Tenzi zvinenge chishamiso vakakwanisa kudzivisa kurangwa zvakasimba, asi akanga asisina tariro yokuwana bookings muRoma. Aristotle fioravanti akadzokera Bologna, apo akanga akamirira, asi yaivapo mirairo huru havasi kugamuchira, uye zvakanaka kwayo zvishoma kuzununguswa.

Russian kunyemwerera rombo

MuRussia, panguva ino chevaux Ivan III akatanga mukuru chivako: muna Kremlin, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka pamwero mukuru Cathedral, inomiririra simba simba simba roumambo. Asi pakamuka dambudziko - rusvingo zvakaondomoka, uye Italy wakatumwa kuti mumiririri nemirayiridzo kuunza vakadzikama mapurani.

Urume Tolbuzin akasangana Aristotle fioravanti uye akakwanisa kuti abvume kuenda kure asingazivikanwi nyika. Saka muna 1475, zvakatanga yendarama nguva iri mapurani muupenyu.

Pandakangosvika Moscow, murongedzeri, kutevera mitemo yayo nyatsonzvera pasi uye zvinhu kubva azovaka vamutangira. Saka akasvika pakugumisa kuti zvinokosha kugadzirisa matambudziko maviri. Chokutanga, kodzero kuronga kudhindwa simba nezvidhinha. Wechipiri kuumba munhu kwazvo uye rakasimba hwaro sezvo pasi Borovitsky chikomo paicherwa matongo kakawanda uye asingagoni kurwa kurema rechivako guru.

Zvino basa rakatanga, kusingaenzaniswi muRussia: kusikwa kumigero yakadzika uye kuisa refu emapuranga mirwi, vasina kugamuchira Russian mapurani. Uyewo injiniya akavhura zvidhina kugadzirwa, izvo makore akawanda gare gare akapa guta guru yepamusoro zvinhu.

Pfungwa upenyu: Aristotle fioravanti wakavaka Cathedral of kubvuma

Kubvuma Cathedral - muenzaniso mukuru mapurani pfungwa nayo organically rinobatanidza tsika uye echimurenga utsanzi. Yakava muenzaniso wesangano kubvuma Cathedral iri Vladimir, asi fioravanti akaitengesera kuti yakawanda echimurenga Russia panguva pfungwa.

The mapurani akaita zvakawanda kufamba vakapoteredza nyika uye zvakanaka vakanzwisisa tsika Russian mapurani yekare. Izvi zvinowanzoitika nzira muuki anoshandisa iri kwokunze akaitwa temberi. Panguva iyoyowo murongedzeri utsanzi akamutendera kuti asike yakafarikana uye rakajeka Church.

The mapurani atora dzakawanda dzinonakidza kugadzirisa uvhure womukati mufananidzo temberi. Iye abolishes kuti vanoshamwaridzana choruses uye anoshandisa atypical matanda sezvo zvitsigiso, allocates imwe yoga nzvimbo royals. Tenzi akatsvaka kusika munhu Church kuti kwaizopa zvose mavambo wokuRussia tsika, asi aidawo anobvumawo kuvakwa zvikuru ano nezvemaitiro mapurani.

Uye kuguma haana chete akasikwa Anobvumirana - a Russian uye, panguva imwe chete, iyo Renaissance - netemberi, asi vakafunga dzose yakanga yakabatana nzvimbo, kuisa hwaro yava kuzvikudza vanhu Russian - Cathedral Square.

Mapurani Ivan III akakumbira kukoka vadzidzi vaibva kuItaly, kuti ivo embody pfungwa pakusika mapurani Ensemble of Kremlin. Saka, Russia awana kwayo chiratidzo uye muenzaniso mapurani kutevedzera. The Church yakavakwa rekodhi nguva, uye muna 1479 akapfuura muchechi wakatsaurwa. Zvino mapurani akanga paakavapa award uye rukudzo, asi akanga asina kusunungurwa kunyika yavo, sezvo mambo ake urongwa nokuti.

Makore Kukudzwa nokubwinya

Nechekare paivakwa nokufungidzira Cathedral, Aristotle fioravanti, mapurani, asingagoni kukanganwa ake okugadzira tsika. Iye anovaka kanoni kugadzirwa, anodzidzisa vanatenzi Russian uye muchiuto uye akagadza musoro Russian atirari. Zvinonzi vakaita nokuchengetedza Russian kuyambuka, kugadzira pagadzirwe zambuko mhiri Volkhov. A mashoma makore Tenzi Muruvoko mabasa, izvo norupo akabhadhara Russian chamber.

Zvisinei, tenzi aida kuenda kumba uye bvunza mambo kumusha, asi iye kunyange kunzwa nezvazvo ndisingadi. The wokupedzisira panotaurwa fioravanti mu yaMakoronike zvinoratidza kuti akanga munyaya imwe kurwisa Tver, izvo kwakaguma mukukunda maoko Russian.

Effect Aristotle fioravanti architecture Russian

Kubvuma Cathedral rakagamuchirwa nechido kubudikidza ezvivako Russian, uye zvichingodaro zvose pamusoro Russia akatanga kuonekwa zvivako, zvimwe anodzokorora manyorero Italian mapurani. Fioravanti, asingazivi, nheyo yenyika chikoro wokuRussia pamusoro mapurani, iro chichinyatsobatanidzwa rinobatanidza akwegura tsika Russian mavakirwo chete utsva pakati rokuItari Renaissance.

Unknown mabasa Aristotle fioravanti

Architectural venhoroondo kusvikira ikozvino kuedza kuwana zvivako dziri chakavakwa fioravanti muRussia. Pane dzidziso kuti murongedzeri yaivakwa nokufungidzira Cathedral akafamba vakapoteredza nyika uye akatora chikamu pakuvaka wandei mutemberi. Vamwe vanotsvakurudza dzakabatanidza kwaari vakanyora St. Nicholas Cathedral uye wemamongi St. Anthony Krasnokholmsky Cheremenetsky Johani Nyanzvi yezvechitendero wemamonk. Pane pfungwa, asi hapana uchapupu chaicho dzidziso iyi haisi. Uye pamutemo Aristotle fioravanti akavakwa Russia ndiyo imwe kereke runonakidza - kubvuma Cathedral iri Kremlin.

End nyaya

Hazvizivikanwi chaipo paakafa, Aristotle fioravanti, panguva upenyu mapurani chete anenge kwakatemwa. Mumakore achangopfuura iye akapedza kuRussia, asi nguva ino anenge asina uchapupu. Asi fungidzira musi rufu - muna 1486 - kunoratidza kuti murongedzeri ararama refu zvakakwana namazuva iwayo upenyu ('71 - izvi zvakanyanyisa kukwegura kuti remakore rechi15).

Life musiki yakanga izere nemiedzo, zvakawanikwa uye budiriro. Cathedral Anoshamisa, yakavakwa Aristotle fioravanti, Photo zvinoratidza mukubwinya yayo yose. Name Wizard nokusingaperi akanyorwa munhoroondo yenyika uye kunyanya Russian mapurani.

Engineer uye mapurani Aristotle fioravanti, nhoroondo asian kuti ane zvakawanda makwapa chena, ane aiziva innovator wokuRussia mapurani chikoro. simba rake pamusoro mufananidzo Russia hunokosha. Nokuti nyika yedu, ndiyo murongedzeri chinonyanya kukosha, nokuti akaumba Ensemble huru mamiriro akaoma uye akavaka nokufungidzira Cathedral iri Kremlin.

Aristotle fioravanti, mapikicha zvezvivako nhasi anogona kuwanikwa album ose mufambi muMoscow, yaiva nhaka Russian zvechokwadi. Aiva wechokwadi Renaissance murume: rokusika, vakadzidza, vanoda kuti zvakaisvonaka uye ukuru kuenzana. Hwake - nzwisa rudo basa rake, iro akanga vakazvipira ake okupedzisira mweya.