Chii chinyorwa muchiRussia uye chinoratidzika sei

Mutauro weRussia wakanaka uye hauna zvigaro. Akanaka uye ane zvakawanda. Iko izwi rakashandurirwa muchiRussia? Chii shoko uye chii zviratidzo zvaro?

Iko izwi rakashandurirwa muchiRussia?

Shanduro ndeye mazwi ose emumwe mutauro. Lexicology inyaya inotsvakurudza mazwi, iyo mumutauro chero upi zvawo unofamba, sezvo inopindirana nezvose zvinochinja muupenyu hwevanhu. Nyaya huru yekudzidza ndiyo izwi pachayo. Zviratidzo zvaro ndiko kuvapo kwechimiro chakanaka, chemaxical uye chimiro chechimiro . Lexical zvinoreva chete zvikamu zvakazvimirira zvekutaura, kunze kwemashoko, uyewo mazita akakodzera.

Mashoko akasiyana-siyana uye zvaanoita

Kune zvikamu zvemashoko akafanana semasiology, onomasiology, etymology, phraseology, onomastics, uye lexicography. Zviratidzo zvemashoko zvakasiyana chaizvo. Iine chinyorwa chechimiro, chinoshandiswa nemasvomhu, chinoratidzirwa nehurumende, chirevo chemadigmatic uye chigadziro chehukama, uye inewo nhamba yakawanda yezvikamu, kushamwaridzana kwepedyo nemamiriro ezvinhu uye nzira yakazaruka.

Chirongwa chemagariro echiRussia

Iko izwi rakashandurirwa muchiRussia, mubvunzo ndechokuti zvinonzwisisika. Ichokwadi ndechokuti pane imwe nheyo yemasangano pane mutauro. Kune marudzi mashanu ehurudzi rwemutauro: vernacular, chinangwa, ruzivo, uyewo ruzivo rwemhizha uye ruzivo.

Chii chinonzi codified mutauro?

Mutauro wemabhuku - chimiro chepamusoro chemitauro uye chikonzero chemutauro wekutaura. Iyo inoratidzirwa nehutsika, stylistic kusiyana, polyfunctionality uye hukuru hwepamusoro hwevanhu. Icho chakakopesana zvakakwana kune zvisizvo zvisinganzwisisiki, zvinosanganisira mitauro, vernaculars, slang, uye jargon.

Chii chinonzi normative mutauro?

Normativity ndekuvapo kwe orthoepic, spelling, lexical, grammatical uye maitiro ekunyora. Somuenzaniso, kumabvazuva kweUkraine, vanhu vazhinji vanoti brla na ponyala. Izvi zvinomanikidzika kukanganisa maitiro orthoepic. Mumutauro weRussia mutauro, mitemo yakagadzirirwa mumashanduriro uye mabhuku anotaura. Mutauro weCodified unoshandiswa munzvimbo dzose dzebasa uye uripo mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashoko.

Mashoko echiRussia maererano nekubva

Ikoxical stock yemutauro weRussia ndeyekuguma kwekugara kwenguva yakaitika kare. Panguva iyo pane mazwi mazhinji ekare mumutauro, zvakadai sechingwa, mvura, oak uye nevamwe vakawanda. Kubva pakuona kwezvakabva, shoko redu rakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri - zvakanyanya kuRussia uye yakweretwa. Mashoko akweretwa kazhinji anowanikwa neologisms. Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekukwereta. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyekuedza kupfupisa izwi rekutanga rechiRussia, kusangana kwevanhu kare uye kusipo kwechirevo chezita rechinhu chitsva kana chimwe chinhu.

Mashoko asingazivikanwi

Mutauro usingatauriki ishoko ramashoko, umo mune zvisiri zvinyorwa. Izwi iri rinosanganisira vernaculars, mazwi asingatauri anobudisa mashoko, kusanganisira mhandara nemashoko anonyadzisa, zvinosvibisa, mitauro, argo, jargon, uye slang.

Vernax ibhuku rinonyora risina tsika ye systemic. Inowanzoshandiswa nevanhu vasinganzwisisi zvizere mitemo yemitauro yekunyora. Kumutauro wemumwe munhu mashoko anonyadzisa-anoshamisa. Somuenzaniso, kurara 'kurara'; Bogat 'nhema' nevamwe. Gwaro rakadaro rakazara rinoratidzwa nekuratidzira kwehukama kune yakasarudzwa.

Mat, pamwe chete neshoko rinonyadzisa - chimwe chezviratidzo zvinokosha zvemashoko. Nebatsiro remakate, uyo anotaura munharaunda, anosimbisa kutsamwa kwake kana kugadzirira kuita chiito. Mashoko anonyadzisa anozivikanwa nemutauro unoshungurudza, unoshandiswa kuratidza kugadzirisa kune chimwe chinhu chisingatarisirwi.

Dialects, argot uye zvinoreva

Kutsigira - iyiwo isiri yemazwi, iyo inoshandiswa mune imwe nzvimbo. Izvo zvakakamurwa kuva mhando 6 - phonetic, lexical, semantic, ethnographic, phraseological uye grammatical. Argo inoshandiswa pakuzvipira-mhiko munzvimbo yeropa. Masangano anosanganisira mazwi akadai-peneni 'banga', kusona 'kuuraya' nevamwe. Kumutauro usingasimiririwo unosanganisira jargon. Iro rudzi rwemutauro wenyika unoshandiswa nevanhu vane rumwe ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu. Kumutauro unosanganisira basa. Mashoko akadaro anoshandiswa nevanhu vebasa chero ripi zvaro.

Mubvunzo weshoko ripi iri muchiRussia rakanyanya kuoma. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Russian ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kuoma kudzidza. Kuti udzidze kutaura zvakanaka, iwe unoda kudzidza nekushingaira, uyewo uchiyeuchidza mitemo yose yemitauro yekunyora. Zvakakosha kusabvisa kubva kumashoko ekunyora zvinonyanya kushandiswa mumutauro wekare, dialectic, uyewo mashoko anonyomba. Uchishandisa rurimi rwemitauro, kutaura kwako kunonzwika zvakanaka uye kunokwezva vamwe.