The akakurumbira mufambi Marco Polo kuti akasvinudza

Vanhu vakawanda kare kusiya chikoro, shamisika ndiani kuti Marco Polo kuti akawana uye kuti ichi zvakakosha kuita kuti nyika?

kutanga enzira

The akakurumbira mufambi akaberekerwa Venice (kana pachitsuwa Korčula, pane vaviri-nedanga ruzivo) anenge 1254. baba vake Niccolo uye sekuru Maffeo vakanga vabudirira zvikuru vatengesi, uyo aifarira refu amire kutengeserana nyika yokumabvazuva. Vakashanyira Bukhara, pamusoro Volga, muumambo Kublai Khan. Famous sezvo The Travels Marko Polo, urwo rwakatora makore makumi maviri nemana, akatanga muna 1271, apo mhuri vakatora-gore nemanomwe-mukomana yake rwendo inotevera. Senior kuita zvokutengeserana bhizimisi, mugove muduku dzakawira nedzenyu mishoni Kublai Khan, uyo chaizvo noushamwari vatengesi.

The yasarudzwa nzira

Marko Polo nzira yakanga sezvinotevera: yokupedzisira pfungwa nzira aizova guta seflounder mu China (a Beijing ano), pokutangira Chokwadi, Venice. Asi imwe pfungwa kare vari pasi ose nechokwadi. Vamwe vanoti Vafambi vakaenda kuburikidza Akka Hormuz, Erzurum, Pamir kuna Kashgar, uye kubva ipapo seflounder. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoti kuti vatengesi vaiva Akka, kumhenderekedzo yokumaodzanyemba kweAsia, ari Armenian Highlands, muna Kerman, Basra, kumaodzanyemba mezvikomo of Hindu Kush, ivo Pamirs, muna Taklamakan murenje, vakapedza gore muguta Zhang, akashanyira Karakoram uye chete ipapo mubereko muna Beijing.

Upenyu China

Chero nzira dzavo, Marco Polo (kuti akasvinudza achazivikanwa papera) nemhuri yake paakasvika Beijing muna 1275 muziviswe. In China, vakagara kwemakore mazhinji, vakabudirira akatengesa pacharo Marco akashumira guru Kublai Khan uye akakunda vazhinji tsitsi yake. Riri basa mutongi Italian akaita akafamba yose China, uye gare gare akatondibatsira akava mutongi ruwa pasi zita Jiangnan.

homecoming

Muna 1292 iri vokuItaly vachiri siya China, vachifambidzana Mongolian mwanasikana wamambo, izvo vakaendeswa Persia, akanga akaroora mutongi munyika. Kare muna China, havana kufamba, sezvo muna 1294, apo akanga atova Persia, vakapiwa mashoko rufu Khan Great. Kwapera gore, Polo vatengesi akadzokera kumusha kwake Venice. Muna 1297 Marco Polo anovarwira ake chizvarwa guta-mamiriro muhondo wengarava kuzorwa hondo kuGenoa uye akabatwa, iyo kuratidza vamwe vasungwa, Rustichanu pamusoro Pisa, nyaya rwendo rwake. Marco akafa muna 1324, muna January, chizvarwa Venice, ari murume akapfuma kwazvo, akaroora, uye ane vanasikana vatatu. Uye akasvinudza Marco Polo (kana zvishoma tsanangura)?

Kunyora Marco Polo

"Book" mufambi kukuru - ndiwo mudziyo chaizvo zivo pamusoro Eastern vokuEurope, South uye Central Asia. Kutaura zvazviri, Marco Polo vakawana vokuEurope, kwete China chete, asiwo vose dzakapoteredza. The chete akaipa basa rake - tsanangudzo kururama pamusoro madaro mumugwagwa. Asi Mark akanga asiri geographer, saka kuti zvakaoma Wamirira Zviripo chaizvo zvakarurama mashoko kubva kwaari. Imhaka yokuti izvi yokushaya cartographers achiri havagoni kuita zvakawanda mepu. Asi basa rake rine succinct, zvinonyatsochengeta uye mavara kurondedzerwa tsika, upenyu, dzidziso, uye maonero vemarudzi okumabvazuva. Ndicho kuti Marco Polo. Chii akaona Europe? Kwakadaro zvokutanga vanhu ano, asi zviri haizivikanwi kana vokuEurope bepa mari, nezvinonhuhwira, teas, ivo subtleties ose Oriental Art. Vanhu vakanzwa pamusoro maguta rine vanhu miriyoni, kubva Japan, kuCeylon, Indonesia, Madagascar uye muzvitsuwa Sumatra uye Java. Pano ari akashanyirwa Marco Polo. Kuti akanga vakawana vokuEurope - mashoko anokosha kuti kukanganiswa munzira dzakawanda kuti kukura yebudiriro mu Europe.