The locomotive wokutanga Stephenson uye Cherepanovs

Wokutanga locomotive Stephenson uye Cherepanovs kuva huru budiriro mumunda kwemichina. Ndivo okutanga namano ayo akashandiswa sezvo traction simba nezvitima pamusoro njanji. Setsika, wokutanga hwemvura locomotive akazviratidza Vongai kuitwa Chirungu injiniya George Stephenson.

Several hwemvura injini iye yakagadzirirwa kwemakore 14 - munguva kubvira 1814 kusvika 1828. vose vakatanga kumhanya pamusoro pemitsara diki, vachirondedzera kune maindasitiri mabhizimisi.

Wokutanga locomotive Stephenson uye Cherepanovs akanga zvikanganiso makuru. On hwaro ichi, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kusika handiyo locomotive. Chete muna 1825, Stephenson akaronga wokutanga locomotive chirimwa muna Darlington, apo locomotive "Lokomoshen" yakavakirwa, izvo chakatangwa nevanhu Stoleon-Darlington njanji. Excellent basa njanji yaiva nhangaruvanze kuti kwose kwose njanji uye locomotive chirimwa.

A muenzaniso haizopereri hwemvura locomotives akava "Rocket" - hwemvura locomotive yakavakwa Stephenson muna 1829. Pashure pamusoro Russian Vyisky chirimwa makanika Mironom Efimovichem Cherepanovym makore mashanu akavaka yokutanga zvipfuwo "Nyika chikepe", kana chitima, zvachose kubva mumhuri zvinhu. Wokutanga locomotive Stephenson uye Cherepanovs akatanga kuwana mukurumbira uye kutendeseka.

Pashure 6 makore, kuvakwa wechipiri locomotive. Aiva akakura kupfuura nowakautangira nokuda wakawedzera bhaira ukuwo, kupfuura simba.

Nokukurumidza bvunzo nzira apo vaedza dzavo locomotives Cherepanov, akanga disassembled pa kutanga pakati Contractors bhiza carting, iyo njanji kuvakwa haana mari.

Nokukurumidza pashure basa rakatanga musi kuvakwa kuchiteshi nzira pakati Tsarskoye tiiviste uye St. Petersburg. Wokutanga locomotive Stephenson uye Cherepanovs zvibvire mberi basa kushongedzera ari Russian nendima njanji. Mabasa akange akatarisira Frants Gersner, imwe yeAustria injiniya. Iye aiziva umhare njanji muGermany uye Belgium, uye vakatenda kuti upamhi njanji munyika idzi haabvumiri kuti kusika kupfuura vakarongeka kugadzira locomotives. Saka akasarudza vakwanise njanji uye remade pasi varo nziyo, basa kuEngland uye Belgium.

Gerstner aida nechokwadi kuti locomotives vaikwanisa kutakura zvimwe mufambi motokari atiitirewo. vanhu 300. By 1837 hwemvura locomotive chaaikwanisa chikamu 23 mumotokari. Vakatakurwa akatora 12 ngoro, uye vamwe akapiwa nokuda vachizvitakudza zvipfuwo.

Kubvira ipapo, chitima toyambutsa kugara pakati Kuzmin uye Pavlovsk musha. Mumatsutso 1837 huru pakuvhurwa Tsarskoye tiiviste njanji. Munyaya inotevera nguva nezvitima akamhanyira chete pamazororo.

Midziyo locomotive zvakaburitswa 2 humburumbira. Mumwe nomumwe pakutanga locomotives, akafamba Tsarskoye tiiviste mugwagwa, aiva nezita. "Zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita", "Hercules", "Elephant", "Boom", "Shumba", "Eagle". Gare gare zita chikatsiviwa akatevedzana kuverengwa uye lettered.

The njanji yechipiri yakavakwa pakati Warsaw nomuganhu yeAustria. Kureba mugove uyu 308? Km. Mugwagwa yakavakwa nokushandiswa Stephenson geji. Nokuti njanji ichi kusvikira 1901 pakanga locomotives chete yokumwe.

Danho rinotevera kukura njanji chokufambisa muRussia kwaiva kuvaka huru kubva kuMoscow St. Petersburg. Pano kokutanga kwakaratidza nevanhu vose njanji Russian kuti dzakavakwa Papera, kakawanda njanji mugwagwa ane makubhiti 5 tsoka. Zvakataurwa kuti wakadaro urongwa chakaitwa kana kubudikidza mainjiniya Russian, kana consultants kubva America. Izvi kusarudza nzira inogona kutsanangurwa vakachengeteka nezvavanofunga kana kurerukirwa upamhi kumativi nhamba.

Railway kuvakwa yaiva kusunda guru kuti Russia mamwe maindasitiri mberi. The locomotive yokutanga muRussia aiva kubudirira mukuru, kwenguva itsva.