Hondo yevagari Tajikistan (Makore 1992-1997): tsananguro, nhoroondo uye migumisiro

Pausiku disintegration of USSR (uye mangwanani, '80s), mamiriro kumucheto ehurumende yakanga kuti kuAzerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Moldova, Tajikistan, uye vazhinji nevamwe Central Asian chinoda havachasungirwi akabvuma kuMoscow uye vaitova, mumugwagwa kuti separatism. Pashure pokuwa Union akatevera vanotyisa vauraye: kutanga kuwira pasi kuparadzirwa vomunyika yedu, uye ipapo hurumende dzematunhu akatanga kubvisa zvose zvinobvira vorongerwa. Inenge chete kuitika yakatanga hondo yevagari Tajikistan.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Tajikistan, kufanana Kazakhstan, yave imwe mashoma Central chinoda Asian, izvo vasinganyatsoda kuparara Soviet Union. Uye nokuti nokuchiva pano chaiva ichi zvakazoita kuti Civil War.

prerequisites

Hazvifaniri Zvisinei, vanofunga kuti akatanga "pakarepo uye pakarepo" nokuti Fani ose ane zvimwe mavambo ake. Vakanga vari iyi.

Wevanotungamirira budiriro - kusanganisira. Chii chakanga Tajikistan kuma1990? hondo yevagari yakatanga iyoyo yaimbova Soviet Union, apo kusvikira mazuva ake okupedzisira akanga ikoko nokukurumidza uye wakadzikama kukura vemo. Kuti zvimwe kushandisa guru basa reserves, vakakanda vanhu vakasiyana makona nyika. Asi nzira dzakadaro dambudziko haina kugadzirisa kusvikira pakuguma. Perestroika rakatanga, maindasitiri tiguu yamira, sezvo subsidy anomiswa uye zvirongwa Resettlement. Yakavanzwa urovha yakasvika 25%.

Zvinetso nevavakidzani

Panguva iyoyowo, yakatangwa Afghanistan ari Taliban hurumende, uye Uzbekistan akatanga aregeredza kupindira munyaya aimbova hanzvadzi zvokuvhoterwa. Panguva iyoyo iri nharaunda Tajikistan vakatarisana zvinodiwa United States uye Iran. Pakupedzisira, Soviet Union haisi, uye vakasagona richangobva kuumbwa Russian Federation kuti ave muyananisi mudunhu. The voltage zvishoma nezvishoma kunowedzera, zvava inonzwisisika mugumisiro hondo yevagari Tajikistan.

Pakutanga kunetsana

Kazhinji, mavambo kurwisana takashandisa pave kwemasayendisiti, iyo panguva iyoyo akatanga muna Afghanistan. Pakati Pashtun, Tajik uye Uzbek mapoka akashandura kutamburira vakazvigadzirira simba munharaunda. Zvinotarisirwa kuti Pashtuns iri Taliban vanotarisana akasimba kupfuura zvavo akaipa ichiparara uye nguva dzose kupopotedzana pakati pavo vavengi. Chokwadi, Tajiks uye Uzbeks aikurumidza noukama hwepedyo nomumwe. Zvikurukuru, Uzbekistan ari kushingaira vaitsigira evatsigiri ayo munharaunda yacho Tajiks. Saka Uzbeks anogona kunzi "azere" nhengo yevagari kukakavadzana. Izvi zvinofanira kutiudza zvakawanda.

Saka, zviri pamutemo Armed Forces pamusoro Uzbekistan, pamwe polubanditskimi idzodzo Mumbai Uzbeks vachishingaira raimuvhiringidza muuto chiito, kunyange muna 1997, apo hondo yakanga Wakatotanga kupera zvachose. UN Uzbeks pamberi nokushingaira takarurama yokuti dzaizviti kubatsira kudzivirira kupararira kukuru Islam.

Zviito kumapati rechitatu

Chokwadi, tikafunga izvi zvose kuipa zvose mapato handitsauki kuedza kubata chimedu keke fatter, vachitarisira kuwedzera simba rayo munzvimbo. Saka, muna Dushanbe (1992) anenge panguva akazarura Iran wavo uye US Embassy. Sezvingatarisirwa, vaitamba kumativi akasiyana, kutsigira siyana kushorwa mauto ari munharaunda Tajikistan. Pusa nezvenzvimbo Russia, iyo iye akatora kubva kushayikwa simba mudunhu, akaita mumaoko wose - kunyanya Saudi Arabia. Arab madzishe kugona kubatsira asi cherechedzai kuti unobatsira Tajikistan somunhu nechigadziko, Zvakanakisa wakanyatsokodzera nokuti mabasa Afghanistan.

Pakutanga Civil War

Pakati zvose izvi nguva dzose kukura dumbu mhosva zvivako, iyo panguva iyoyo akaita basa rinokosha mune administrative midziyo yose Tajikistan. All naro akarwarisa kubvira 1989, apo vakawanda ruregero akanga akatakurwa kunze. Vakawanda vaimbova vasungwa, zvakakurudzira nokuda mari kubva kumapati yechitatu, vakanga vakagadzirira kurwa munhu uye chinhu. Iri pamusoro "muto" mhando iyi uye yakatanga hondo yevagari Tajikistan. Vakuru vaida zvose, asi kuti vabudirire Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri Inzira Semi-mhosva hurongwa.

Kusanzwisisana akatanga muna 1989. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti hondo pashure Anti-mukomiyunisiti Misangano mikuru iri Dushanbe. Zvichipomerwa hurumende yeSoviet ipapo akarasika chiso. maonero akadaro mano, sezvo mangwanani sezvo mukupera 70-ies of Moscow zviremera munharaunda idzi kuzivikanwa chete pamutemo. Nagorno-Karabakh anoratidza kutadza yakazara Kremlin kuti zvakakodzera kana kutyisidzira, zvokuti mauto zvikuru apo chete vakabuda mimvuri.

sarudzo

November 24, 1991, yokutanga vemutungamiri sarudzo, vakakunda Nabiyev. Kazhinji, zvakanga zviri nyore kuti, sezvo vorongerwa iyi "sarudzo" akanga asiri. Sezvingatarisirwa, pashure peizvi vakawanda chinovira, purezidhendi richangobva vakaparadzira zvombo Kulyab dzavo, izvo akavimba vamiririri.

Vamwe vakakwidziridzwa vanyori vanoti kuti izvi zvakanga aiparadza chikanganiso kuDemocratic nzanga duku Republic. Izvozvo. Paaiva yakaomerera munharaunda Tajikistan ndiye unaccounted kuti zvombo uye varwi kubva Afghanistan uye Uzbekistan, kuti mavambo kudhumhana kwaingova nyaya nguva. Zvinosuruvarisa, hondo yevagari Tajikistan akanga akafanosarudza kubva pakutanga.

ruvengo

Pakutanga May 1992 radicals vaishora pfungwa pakusika Kulyabis "National Guard", pakarepo akabuda pamusoro inogumbura. Vakabatwa ne huru kukurukura nzvimbo, zvipatara, achishingaira wakatora hostages, ropa wokutanga rakateurwa. Parliament pasi kumanikidzwa kwakadaro nokukurumidza kupa anorwisana dzimba anokosha mbiru. Saka zviitiko kwematsutso 1992 kwakaguma paumbwe imwe "mubatanidzwa" hurumende.

Vamiririri Its kushanda kuita chinhu chinobatsira kuti nyika ichangogadzwa yakaitwa, asi achishingaira kusiyana, kuvaka mumwe anonyengera uye wokuita rakavhurika kukakavadzana. Chokwadi, nguva refu saka vasingagoni kuramba, hondo yevagari Tajikistan. Muchidimbu, yakatangira dzinofanira kutsvaka ari kusada kutaurirana vavengi.

Mubatanidzwa akanga achiri yomunyika kubatana imwe mhando, zvainanga kuparadzwa zvose zvinogona vavengi chaiko. Hondo dzairwiwa pamwe yokunyanyisa, utsinye mhuka. Kana vasungwa kana zvapupu vakanga vasara. Mukutanga mumatsutso 1992 zvikuru Nabiyev vakatorwa mubatwa, uye kumanikidzwa kuti asaine recantation. Kushorwa akatora simba. In ichi nhoroondo pfupi iri Tajik hondo yevagari vemo kuti vapedza, sezvo muromo mutsva vakapa chaizvo zvine pfungwa uye kwete munomimina kuti tisanzwe munyika ropa ... Asi ichi chakanga chisiri kuva.

Kupinda hondo mauto rechitatu

Chekutanga, kuti mauto okunyanyisa vakabatanawo Mumbai Uzbeks. Chechipiri, hurumende Uzbekistan akataura pachena kuti muchiuto munyika vachange vangabatsirana kurwa kana Mumbai achava kuhwina uchapupu kukunda. Zvisinei, Uzbeks havana kuzeza kushandisa vakawanda mauto ake pamusoro munharaunda imwe nyika yakavakidzana, pasina kukumbira kuna UN zvisarudzo. Zviri nemhaka ichi "hodgepodge" kuri hondo saka refu vazodya vehurumende Tajikistan (makore 1992-1997).

Kuparadzwa zvavo

Mukupera 1992, Mumbai uye Dushanbe Kuliabis kunombata. mauto aipikisa akatanga shure kumakomo shure kwavo vakaenda Tora zviuru vapoteri. Vamwe vavo vakaenda Apmir pakutanga, uye kubva ipapo vanhu vakatamira Afghanistan. The chikuru vakawanda vanhu vachitiza hondo vakaenda rakananga Garm. Zvinosuruvarisa ikoko vakatamira kuri mapoka. Vakati vasvika unarmed vanhu, yakatanga kwazvo vauraye. Mazana ezviuru zvitunha kukandwa murwizi chete Surkhab. Nemitumbi dzakanga dzakawanda zvokuti vanhu veko havana kunyange kuchigaro rwizi kweanenge makore makumi maviri.

Kubvira ipapo, hondo yacho, flaring kumusoro, ipapo rinooma zvakare kwemakore anopfuura mashanu. Kazhinji, vanhu "vehurumende" kudana kunetsana uku handizvo chaizvo, nekuti kusvikira 60% mauto ari mativi, tisingatauri zvikwata zviri nemamwe kumatunhu yaimbova Soviet Union, kusanganisira Georgia, Ukraine, uye Uzbekistan. Saka kuti ya ruvengo chakajeka: mumwe munhu kunze nyika yave zvikuru kunobatsira refu uye kuramba nemishonga zvombo.

Kazhinji, rinopikisa yemuna haana kugumira ipapo. Rinhiko akazosvika hondo yevagari muna Tajikistan? Makore 1992-1997, sezvo mukuru pfungwa maonero. Asi hazvina kudaro, nokuti okupedzisira musazonetsanazve dzinoti kubva mangwanani 2000s. Maererano ndibatsireiwo data, mamiriro ezvinhu munyika Central nyika yokuAsia, chaizvo kumbonaka nhasi. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya iye zvino, apo Afghanistan zvavo zvazova ndima dzakawanda vakhabitami.

Migumisiro yehondo

Hapana tsaona kuti mukuru njodzi nokuti nyika haisi Kurwisa muvengi, kwete dzinongoitika dzega, asi hondo. In Tajikistan (1992-1997 gg.) Population aigona kuva nechokwadi kubva yavo ruzivo.

Zvakaitika makore iwayo dzinoratidzwa zvikuru vaifira Vagari, uyewo kukuru mune zvoupfumi kukuvadza: panguva Kurwa rakaparadzwa anenge ose maindasitiri kwezvivako pamusoro dzaichimbova USSR, kwangopera vakakwanisa kudzivirira rakasiyana Hydroelectric simba chiteshi, izvo panguva iyoyo anopa kusvika 1/3 of zvachose bhajeti pakati Tajikistan. Maererano pamutemo nenhamba, akauraya vanhu vanenge zviuru 100, imwe nhamba - chinoshayikwa. Tellingly, pakati yokupedzisira - dzinenge 70% Russian, Ukrainians, Belarusians, uyo asati pokuwa Union uyewo vaigara munharaunda Zimbabwe (1992). Yehondo kwasimbisa uye nokukurumidza xenophobia.

dambudziko The mupoteri

The nhamba chaiyo zvevapoteri vakanga vachiri usingazivi. Ungangove, vakanga zvinopfuura miriyoni iyo machinda vanoti Tajik zviremera. Sezvineiwo, zviri dambudziko vapoteri ichiri chimwe chezvinhu vasanonoka nyaya iyo hurumende iri kuedza kuti kudziviswa kana kukurukura navo kubva Russia, Uzbekistan, Iran uye kunyange Afghanistan. In nyika yedu anoratidza kuti nyika akasiya vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni mana.

In wokutanga chinozunguzirwa akamhanya masayendisiti, vanachiremba, vanyori. Saka, Tajikistan (Makore 1992-1997) chakarasikirwa maindasitiri nzvimbo kwete chete, asiwo kwayo rezvedzidzo core. Kusvikira zvino, nyika iri kutambura kusachengeteka kukuru kuperevedza zhinji unyanzvi nenyanzvi. Zvikurukuru nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, asi hamuna vakatanga kukura dzakawanda chicherwa deposits zviri pa munharaunda yayo.

President Rakhmonov muna 1997 chirevo pamusoro sangano reInternational Fund "Kuyanana", iro hunonzi kunobatsira vapoteri kudzokera Tajikistan. Hondo yevagari 1992 zvakare kudhura kusvika nyika, asi nokuti kare kusiyana, hapana anoteerera.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Asi kunakisa izvi vashandi kunyanya yakaderera-unyanzvi uye vaimbova varwi kubva mumativi akasiyana. Nyanzvi nomazvo munyika kudzoka hakuzofadzi, nekuti havana kare kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu kwose, uye vana vavo havana kuziva mutauro kana tsika ekare yokumusha kwavo. Uyezve, vakaparadza zvinenge zvachose Tajikistan indasitiri chinowedzera inoramba ichingowedzera nhamba yevashandi pamutemo. Munyika hapana nzvimbo kushanda, asi nekuti vanoenda kune imwe nyika, muRussia, maererano 2013, inongogara kushanda miriyoni Tajiks.

Uye - chete pamutemo vakayambuka FMS. Maererano ndibatsireiwo data, nhamba munyika yedu kusvika mamiriyoni 2-3.5. Saka hondo muna Tajikistan kamwe zvakare anosimbisa pfungwa yokuti vehurumende kurwisana - yakaipisisa chinhu chaigona kuitika munyika. Havazivi kubatsirwa munhu (kunze kwokunze vavengi).