Kiev City: Kiev Defence (1941)

Mumwe zviitiko zvinokosha Guru Patriotic War ihondo muna 1941 kuti Kiev. kudzivirira guta kubvira July kuna September uye yakauraya vanhu vakawanda. The magwaro chiitiko ichi anonzi Kiev inokosha kuzvidzivirira oparesheni.

Pasinei heroism ravarwi Soviet uye vanhu veko vakanga kubvumirwa inokosha blunders zhinji. Naizvozvo, havana zvakakonzera zvinosuwisa, uhwo mazana ezviuru zvevanhu aifanira kubhadhara noupenyu hwake.

Kutanga mugumo

Kokutanga Kiev akarwiswa chaipo pakutanga hondo. Yaiva June 22, 1941, Ndege German akabvisa mambakwedza paari mabhomba dzavo. Saka vakatanga Guru Patriotic War. Pasati papera mwedzi vokuGermany vachauya kuguta kunyatsotevera.

Kubva airstrike yakarova chivako chiteshi, imwe fekitari ndege, remauto yendege, uye vamwe, kusanganisira dzinogarwa dzimba. Vanhu vakawanda vasingatombozivi kuti hondo yakatanga. Kwavari, akanga dzose muviri, izvo zvave kuzviita kuitwa nemauto eSoviet kwenguva inopfuura gore.

Kubva iyoyo guta vakatanga kugadzirira kuzvidzivirira. It akasikwa muKiev achizvidzivirira mutsetse, yaiva kanyika kuti 200 bunkers. Pamberi pavo dzakavakwa moats pamusoro matangi inifanduri. Humwe pillboxes uye namakoronga yakavhurwa pedyo neguta. mabasa ose aya kunze vanopfuura zviuru 160 vanhu Kiev uye vagari vemisha iri pedyo.

Musi waJune 23, guta akazarurwa zvinhu kuunganidza. 200 zviuru vanhu vakadanwa, kuti mumwe cheshanu vagere Kiev. Maererano zvakaona, vechiduku vanhu vaida kuenda mberi kurwisa vokuGermany. uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika iyi haina kuputswa akawanda okushora udzvanyiriri kuti kwakaitika 30s uye zvakare tatangazve nemhaka yehondo.

Kutanga Kiev kuzvidzivirira oparesheni anoonekwa kuti July 11, apo Wehrmacht mauto asvika rwizi Irpen. Raiva 15 makiromita kumavirira kweguta. Operation rwakatora mazuva 70.

Vechikamu pamusoro chiitiko

Kuti wofunga uyo akaita kurwisa guta, uye uyo akaita kudzivirira Kiev, zvakafanira kutarisa patafura.

Zvarongwa Germany muna July 1941

Murayiro German aitarisira kubvuta Donbass uye kuCrimea pamberi kutanga chando. Zvakanga zvakakosha kuti andobata Leningrad kusonganirana Finnish mauto. Kuti aite chinangwa ichi vaikwanisa kudzivisa umhare kudzivirira Kiev.

Maererano nomumwe nhungamiro, Hitler akarayira zasi-okumabvazuva chikamu haana chete akatorwa. Chinonyanya kukosha basa raiva kudzivisa kushaya makuru ehondo muvengi zvakadzama, asi kuvaparadza kunyange kumadokero kumahombekombe Dnieper.

Kurwa muna July naAugust: ngwavaira sarudzo

Kumavirira Kiev aiva Army "South". I akasangana naye South-kumavirazuva mberi, izvo mukuru kune muvengi kwenhamba varwi uye michina michina. Asi akanzwa chinokosha kushaya ruzivo. In mauto eSoviet akanga asina kutanga vehondo, uye vokuGermany vakanga zvakakwana vaifambisa nounyanzvi uye vakapoteredzwa nomuvengi.

Pamwe hondo kunze ari kubvisa vemo. Zvisinei, zvakanga vasina kurongeka. Kazhinji, zviremera akatora dzavo izvo zvakagumbura zvikuru vagari vanhuwo yakawanda mikwende,. Zvinangwa izvi, kunyange aishandisa marori ayo husisipo pamberi,.

Muchidimbu akabatsira kudzikamisa mamiriro umhare kurwisa Army General Vlasov. August 10, nekuvongwa iye, weChicago Kiev akasunungurwa. Zviri yokuGermany Führer kuti hasha hasha kuti musi August 8 wakaiswa kuti abate munhu achimisa musi Khreshchatyk. Zvisinei, kubudirira Red Army haana kugara kwenguva refu.

Urongwa Germany muna August

The umhare kudzivirira Kiev vakamanikidza murayiro German kuchinja zvirongwa zvavo. Hitler aidavira kuti zvikuru kukosha kubata Moscow kwete kufunga Franz Halder uye kumaodzanyemba mundima USSR. Asati chando, Hitler aida kutora pamusoro kuCrimea, marasha uye mumaindasitiri nedunhu Donbass, uyewo adzikatidza chokuendesa mafuta kubva Caucasus kusvika nemauto eSoviet.

Kuwedzera Halder, pamwe chisarudzo Hitler Handina kupindirana uye Geynts Guderian. Iye pachake vakaedza kuita kuti Führer haana kurega kurwiswa Moscow, asi mashoko ake haana kukanganisa Mutongo Wehrmacht mukuru mukuru. Saka, chikamu boka "Center" zvaiendeswa kumaodzanyemba musi waAugust 24 uye yakaganhuka kurwiswa Moscow.

Ndangariro USSR muna August

Stalin vaityira Moscow. Aiziva kuti nokukurumidza richabva rechiuto chiito mirayiridzo iyi. Izvi zvakare yasimbiswa njere. Muna mangwanani August, mauto eGermany kundorwisa kuMoscow kuburikidza Bryansk.

Asi Stalin haana kuziva kuti Hitler anosarudza zvinoshamisa kuchinja zvirongwa zvavo uye kutumira mamwe mauto kumaodzanyemba.

Kurwisana mukupera August: belated dzokera shure

August 21, Hitler akasaina murayiro. Aiva mutsindo simba pamusoro haizopereri weboka hondo. Rakanga ndechokuti huru ehondo Wehrmacht akatambura akundwa kubva Moscow kusvika kumaodzanyemba, kureva kuti Kiev, muCrimea uye Donbass.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kwakanga zvose muchiuto uye vehurumende kudzivirira Kiev, zvinhu zvakava nengozi. Kana murayiro uyu haabvumirwi kutora guta, anotya Stalin akaita, izvo akarambidza izvozvo.

Somugumisiro South-kumadokero mberi yakanga yakapoteredzwa vokuGermany zvachose. Pausiku September 18 Moscow, kwakasarudzwa kuti shure. Zvisinei, nguva yave akarasika, somugumisiro, kwete madhipatimendi vose vaigona yokubuda rin'i. Varwi About 700,000 vakabatwa uye vakaurayiwa. The zvinoitirwa yaakavingwa ari General Kirponos, uyewo 800 vatariri uye vemauto avo akatungamirira mberi.

Kiev kudzivirira akanga akundikana. Mauto Soviet, kuenda kukurumidza vachiri vakakwanisa kuchera zvose zvina mabhiriji mhiri Dnieper. Panguva iyoyo pavari panguva ino vakanga vanhuwo zvavo uye vechiuto. Rakanga rakashandurwa inoperable guta simba, mvura. Mumvura vakakandwa zviuru masaga chikafu. Zviito zvose izvi vakatongerwa vasara vokuparidzira (anenge 400 zviuru) pamusoro kupona nzara iri inogarwa guta.

VokuGermany vakapinda muguta musi 19 September. Zuva rakatevera vakatanga yaiuya vaJudha zviuru vagari vemo vakatanga kutama kushanda muGermany. Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kwemakore matatu.

Zvakabuda uye Migumisiro oparesheni

Kyiv miganhu Defense haana kupikisa hondo Wehrmacht. The Kukundwa aiva chidhakwa kurwadzisa kuti mauto eSoviet. Kuwedzera kuwanda hwevanhu vave vakarasika pamusoro 4 zviuru zvidimbu, mumaturi, matangi, ndege.

Kundikana kudzivirira Kiev akavhura Wehrmacht mugwagwa kumabvazuva. Zviitiko Next zvinopindura panguva semheni. VokuGermany vakatapa dzakawanda munharaunda.

Chronology rokutora nyika kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba:

• 8 October - Gungwa Azov;
• October 16 - nharaunda The Odessa;
• 17 October - Donbass;
• October 25 - Kharkiv;
• 2 November - Crimea (Sevastopol ari blockade).

Yakanga iri reropa kukundwa kwevashomanana zvakanaka nguva. Chekutanga German mauto redeployed kubva Moscow, zvakaita murayiro Soviet kugadzirira ayo kuzvidavirira. Zvakanzi zvekare kumisa imwe inogumbura kuzorwa Leningrad kusika vakamupoteredza chindori zvakasimba. Nokudaro, Kiev kuzvidzivirira kushanda haana kusiya nguva yokuti vokuGermany kubata Moscow.