Mufananidzo Faust muna Goethe kuti nhamo

Mufananidzo gamba iri njodzi "Faust" by Goethe anoona kwete chete kuratidzwa pachake, asi murume nguva yake, Kujekerwa nguva, ichatonga zvine mbiri nemagariro German uye uzivi.

Goethe uye Kujekerwa

Iogann Volfgang Gete zvirokwazvo sangana zvose nezviratidzo shasha. Aiva nyanduri, prose munyori, chinoshamisa anofunga, kuchitsigira mutsigiri romanticism. Pairi uye kugumisa mumwe mukuru eras muGermany - Education. Munhu nyika, Goethe pakarepo akanga vakabvuma kuhondo dzepamusorosoro nevazivi German. chave and ndeake ndangotanga nahwo Voltaire.

Biography

Goethe akazvarwa muna 1749 mumhuri yakapfuma patrician. Hwaro sayenzi zvose akadzidziswa pamba. Gare gare, mudetembi vakapinda University of Leipzig, asi hazvina kukwana. Iye kudzidza kubva University of muStrasbourg. Kamwe yakabudisa bhuku "Mabote Young Werther," vakauya kwaari mukurumbira dzakawanda.

Goethe kwenguva refu inoitwa imwe administrative nzvimbo pamwe Duke pamusoro Saxe-neWeimar. Ikoko akaedza kuzadzikisa yaunayo, kuunza itsva pfungwa kune vamwe remakore uye kushumira voruzhinji. Sezvo wehurumende neWeimar, akava nezvaiitika zvematongerwo enyika. rinoita nzvimbo yake haana kubvumira kuti kusika.

Italian kumwedzi

Munyori akaora mwoyo uye akasiya kuvaka mauto avo Italy, nyika Renaissance ounyanzvi ose da Vinci, Raphael, kutsvaka youzivi kuti chokwadi. Zvaiva imomo kuti makaumba manyorerwe kunyora. Iye zvakare akatanga kunyora nyaya pfupi uye rondedzero dzouzivi. Pavakadzoka Goethe kuchengetera pambiru gurukota mutsika uye basa musoro munharaunda yemitambo. Duke akadana ari shamwari yake - Schiller uye kazhinji akarangana naye zvinokosha mabasa itsika.

Goethe uye Schiller

Imwe akatendeuka pfungwa muupenyu uye basa Johann Wolfgang zvakavharwa kuziva Schiller. Two vomuzana kirasi munyori hakutangi chete kutanga achitevedza neWeimar classicism, yakavambwa Goethe, asi nguva dzose kufurira mumwe kune ounyanzvi itsva. Nokupesvedzera Schiller, Goethe akanyora enganonyorwa akawanda uye anoramba kushanda "Faust", iro saka aida kuona Frederick. Kunyange zvakadaro, "Faust" akasunungurwa chete muna 1806, apo Schiller akanga asisiri mupenyu. Chikamu chokutanga akasikwa pasi shingirira club Eckermann, Goethe pachake munyori, uyo akaramba pamusoro kushaya ari dambudziko kudhindwa. Chechipiri panguva behest nemunyori vakasunungurwa pashure pokufa kwake.

Dambudziko "Faust"

Pasina kunyanya kupamhidzira, mumwe angati kuti "Faust" ndiro basa guru Nyanduri. Dambudziko muzvikamu zviviri zvakanyorwa kwemakore matanhatu. Maererano "Faust" anogona kutongwa sei shanduka rokusika munyori. Kuumba ndima dzimwe nguva hwake, Goethe akagumisa mu nhamo iyi zvinoreva yose upenyu.

chiremba Faust

Mudetembi ikasauya pamwe inokosha storyline, akamutora kubva zvavo dzechembere. Gare gare, nyaya Faust nokupfurikidza anofunga ucharondedzera nevanyori vazhinji, kugadzira nyaya sehwaro mabhuku avo. Uye Goethe akadzidza ngano paaiva nemakore mashanu chete. Paaiva mukomana, akaona chidzoyi yemitambo. Rinozivisa kwazvo ngano.

Ngano pamwe kwakavakirwa zviitiko chaizvo. Kamwe akararama Johann Georg Faust, chiremba ne basa. Akanga avimbiswa kuti aifamba mumaguta uye akapa mabasa ake. Kana mushonga kwakajairika havana kubatsira, akatanga mashiripiti, hwenyeredzi, uye kunyange alchemy. Doctors zvikuru kubudirira uye nomukurumbira pakati pavo vachiti Faust kwaingova charlatan, uyo aigona kuchengeta chero mano munhu. Vadzidzi murapi payunivhesiti, kwaakanga muchidimbu achidzidzisa, kukuru ushamwari akataura pamusoro chiremba, achifunga izvozvo kutsvaka chokwadi. VaLutheran iye akadana muranda wadhiabhori. Mufananidzo Faust fancied navo zvose murima makona.

Faust ichi vakafa pasi asinganzwisisiki chaizvo ezvinhu, pakarepo, muna 1540. Ipapo akatanga kunyora ngano uye zvokufungidzira.

Mufananidzo Faust muna Goethe kuti nhamo

Artwork Faust - ndiwo nzira refu youpenyu womunhu, uyo akapa chaiwo Kutarira nyika, kukwanisa kunzwa, kusvikira ruzivo, uye tariro mwoyo. The protagonist anopedzisa kukurira dhiabhorosi chete nokuti anoda kunzwisisa zvose zvakavanzika nyika. Anoda kuwana saonekwa chokwadi yokuporeswa, kuwana chokwadi, nguva dzose nepaaigona unotsvaka zivo itsva uye itsva. Nokukurumidza anoziva kuti haangagoni kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo havazokwanisi kuzivisa zvose zvakavanzika.

Nokuda ruzivo gamba ndakagadzirira kubhadhara chero mutengo. Handiti, kureva Faust muupenyu, zvose kuti wakamutinhira - Anoda ichi. Goethe anopa gamba zvakawanda rakakwana zvose zviripo manzwiro. Kubasa, ari kufadzwa kuti akawana tsanga mashoko matsva, ipapo pamusoro azviuraya.

The chikuru basa gamba - kwete kunzwisisa nyika uye kuti kunzwisisa pachavo. Mufananidzo Faust munjodzi "Faust" ndizvo zvishoma akafanana nokusingaperi inofamba muchina. Upenyu hwake asingaiti dzitendererane, haridzokeri kwakatangira. Aigara anoenda chete mberi, zvichiita zvinhu zvitsva, ichitsvaka USINGAZIKAMWI. Nokuti vaida kuwana ruzivo, waanoripira mweya wake. Faust anonyatsoziva zvaanoda, uye kuti ichi akagadzirira kushevedza dhiabhori.

Huru yakanaka features, izvo chinayo mufananidzo Faust munjodzi "Faust" - ndiko kutsungirira, kuziva, mutsa. Mutambi mukuru haisi kuedza kuwana zivo itsva, anoda kuvabatsira kubatsira vamwe.

Mufananidzo Faust muna Goethe kuti nhamo ine uye kunaka unhu: chido chokuwana ruzivo pakarepo, maturo, mubvunzo, hanya.

The protagonist basa iri rinodzidzisa kuti haugoni kutarisa shure uye kuzvidemba pamusoro chinhu, unofanira kurarama chipo, tsvaka chinhu chinoita kuti munhu afare. Pasinei inotyisa ngaakuitirei, Faust akararama upenyu zvachose kufara, haana kusvikira yokupedzisira kwete dai izvozvo.

Mufananidzo Margaret

Margarita - musikana mwero, ungwaru munzvimbo dzakawanda, rava muedzo chikuru yakareba muduku gamba. Akatendeukira yose pamusoro musayendisiti, vakamuita kuzvidemba kuti haana simba pamusoro nguva. Mudetembi pachake kwazvo kwazvo mufananidzo Margarita munjodzi "Faust", pamwe kuzvizivisa nemvura yemubhaibheri Evha, pasi muchero wakarambidzwa kuna Adam.

Kana zvose makore hwake, Faust vaivimba mupfungwa dzake, zvino wakati asangana mumugwagwa zvazvo pakutanga tingaona musikana, otanga kuvimba mwoyo uye manzwiro. Margarita pashure musangano pamwe Faust anotanga kuchinja. It lulls amai kuti zuva. Musikana haana kumbotamba zvingaita sezvinoshamisa pakutanga tsananguro yacho. Iye humbowo hwokuti chitarisiko chinganyengera. Tatarisana Mephistopheles, iye zvakakwana anoziva kuti zviri nani kuti denderedzwa.

The mufananidzo Margarity Gete akatora nguva yake mumugwagwa. Writer kazhinji vakaona akanaka uye zvakanaka vasikana, uyo mugumo vanorasira kupinda mwero. Havagoni kubuda zvakavapoteredza uye vakatondeswa kupedza upenyu hwavo sezvakaita vakadzi mhuri dzavo. Achiedza zvakawanda, vasikana ava vari kuramba achiwira pasi.

Kuwana mufaro Faust, marguerite anotenda zvakafamba zvakanaka. Zvisinei, dzinotevedzana zvinosuwisa asingawani kunakidzwa rudo. hanzvadzi yake pachake anouraya Faust ndisingadi. Kutukwa asati hanzvadzi yake rufu. Nezvakaipa izvi hazvina kugumisa, uye isisina kutambura, kwaye, marguerite anoenda kujeri. Panguva iyoyo peshungu wakakwana kuponesa simba rake kwakakwirira.

Mufananidzo Mephistopheles munjodzi "Faust"

Mephistopheles - a chengirozi ndiani nharo husingaperi naMwari pamusoro zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Achitenda kuti vanhu vari kudaro vakapamba kuti kunyange zvishomanana inobereka nomuedzo anogona kupa nyore iye mweya wake. Angel nechokwadi kuti vanhu haasi kuedza kuchengetedza. Faust, maererano Mephistopheles, kucharamba kudivi zvakaipa.

Mune rimwe pemitsara anoita Mephistophiles vanorondedzerwa se sitiroko, izvo zvakanga zvamboshandiswa unopinza nenzara, nyanga uye muswe. Haadi scholasticism, vachisarudza havo abve sayenzi ari hakunakidzi. Makaipa, zvinobatsira, asingazivi chii kuwana chokwadi gamba. Mufananidzo Mephistopheles mu "Faust" chakagadzirwa kuzvipokanidza.

Kazhinji paaitaura uye nharo Faust Mephistopheles anoratidza muzivi wechokwadi kufarira mabasa dzevanhu mberi. Zvisinei, kana achitaura nevamwe vanhu kana mweya yakaipa, akasarudza mimwe mifananidzo. Anochengeta pamwe interlocutor ake uye kuramba kukurukura chero nyaya. Mephistopheles pachake akati kakawanda kuti haana simba Mhedziso. Huru sarudzo nguva dzose kunobva munhu, asi iye anogona chete kushandisa isiri sarudzo.

Vakawanda vakafunga Goethe vakanga paakapiwa mumufananidzo Mephistopheles munjodzi "Faust". Ivo ndokuisa mu unopinza kutsoropodzwa feudalism. Panyaya iyi, dhiabhorosi mari kubva ungwaru zvinoitika nheyo capitalist.

Pasinei zvomene zvakafanana. dhimoni uye chikuru hunhu, mufananidzo Mephistopheles mu "Faust" dambudziko zvachose chakatarisana nawo huru. Faustus anotsvaka uchenjeri. Uye Mephistopheles anotenda kuti hapana uchenjeri haako. Iye anotenda kuti kutsvaka chokwadi - kutambisa nguva, nokuti hakuna.

Vaongorori vanodavira kuti mufananidzo Mephistopheles mu "Faust" - ndicho subconscious ari chiremba, kutya kwake zvausingazivi. Panguva apo vakanaka kunotangira kurwisa zvakaipa dhimoni anotaura protagonist. Panoperera chigamba Mephistopheles kungosara. Faust pachena anobvuma kuti iye asvika yakanaka, akadzidza chokwadi. Pashure paizvozvo, mweya wake unoenda ngirozi.

Gamba nguva dzose

Eternal mufananidzo Faust akava kumumvuri wandei mabhuku magamba matsva. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinoita sokuti kupedza tambo anodzidza "loners" vari kushandiswa kurwisa matambudziko upenyu hwavo. Chokwadi, mufananidzo Faust ane manotsi kuti kuora mwoyo anofunga Hamlet kana kuratidza mudziviriri kwevanhu, nezano Don Quixote, uye kunyange Don Juan. At Lovelace Faust chinonyanya akafanana ake chido kusvika chokwadi zvemashiripiti, zvakavanzika zvose. Zvisinei, pane imwe nguva apo Faust hauna magumo ake kutsvaka, Don Juan anomira pamusoro zvinodiwa nenyama.

Mumwe nemumwe vatambi izvi ine antipodes dzacho kuti mifananidzo yavo zvizere uye zvishoma dzinoratidza mukati kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura vose. In Don Quixote, Sancho Panza ane, muna Don Juan - Assistant Sganarelle, uye kurwa Faust pamwe Mephistopheles hondo kwouzivi.

Mugumisiro chigadzirwa

Pashure racho nedambudziko nezano anoda zivo, vazivi vakawanda, tsika zvidzidzo, vanotsvakurudza vakaona nzira Fausta Gete zvakadaro zvinonakidza kuti kunyange kupiwa kwakadai munhu kuti Spengler akadana "Faustian". Ava ndivo vanhu vari kuziva pahunogumira uye rusununguko uye vanovavarira nokuti. Kunyange vana chikoro akakumbira kuti anyore rondedzero, mufananidzo Faust, izvo zvinofanira zvakazara pachena.

Literature, dambudziko iri rave aiva chinokosha zvikuru. Zvarakafuridzirwa itsva vadetembi nevanyori vakatanga kuzivisa mufananidzo Faust mune zvaakasika. Zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika here ane mabasa Byron, Grabbe, Lenau, Pushkin, Heine, Mann, Turgenev, Dostoevsky uye Bulgakov.