Oprichnina Ivana Groznogo

"Oprichnina" munguva dzekare ainzi duku munyika varidzi, chirikadzi wemufi jendurumani murwi. nhaka iyi yakaramba pashure kuchinjwa vakawanda munyika yayo kumuchinda.

Oprichnina Ivana Groznogo - chaiwo, azvitsaurira mambo munharaunda ehurumende. Izvi "youmambo" mugumo akanga yayo kudzora chikwata uye hondo.

Nhanganyaya oprichnina kwakakonzerwa zvakaitika 1565. Gore rino, mambo boyars vakachinja abdicated uye vakabvuma kudzokera chete ari mabasa vatatu ezvinhu. Kunyanya zvaaitaura- pachavo kodzero zvakaipa maererano nezvaanoda, kupinda oprichnina, iyo mudziyo "zemshchina" (vamwe nyika) aifanira kubhadhara hombe (nemitemo nguva) Verengai chimwe namazana.

Oprichnina Ivana Groznogo yaisanganisira zvakawanda wokumavirira, kumaodzanyemba-vokumadokero uye nechepakati mumaruwa. ndima aya yakatora, uye vapfumi kunzvimbo kuchamhembe, chikamu cheguta. Oprichnina Ivana Groznogo inotaura kuvapo emauto ayo Corps, rwaiumbwa rimwe zvuru avakuru. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo wakange dzinounzwa kuna wemunda. Mukuwedzera, nharaunda akasikwa oprichnina neImba Duma, zvemukati mirairo, chivanze yenyu. Mumaoko vamambo dzichiitika chinonyanya kukosha nedzenyu zvenyika. Panguva iyo hondo Livonia zvachose akarara pasi "zemshchina". Oprichny muviri vakashumira maviri chete mabasa: vakarinda Kesari uye akaurayiwa vatengesi.

C chakachinja rehurumende dzinorwiwa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Oprichnina Unotyisa yekuita guru udzvanyiriri, kutorerwa, misha yevanhu, uye vaiurayiwa. Nokukurumidza kupararira mhiri mamiriro kutya. In vauraye ichi vakanga kwakagadzirwa, kwete chete pane mhuri boyars, asiwo pamusoro pamaguta ose. mijenya evanhu akaurayiwa Novgorod (maererano zvimwe zvinyorwa, nhamba yevanhu inenge zviuru zvitatu).

Achigura, zvakaipisisa mamiriro ezvinhu rakava rehurumende. Takavhundutswa vakatanga kupararira mukati oprichnina - akatanga kuchinja vatungamiriri. Saka, panzvimbo akaurayiwa Basmanova akauya Malyuta Skuratov. Ivo vakawira pasi udzvanyiriri uye inozvikudza namakurukota nehama neshamwari. Vakaitirwa Chisimba uye vakava varimi, uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Oprichnina Ivana Groznogo kwemakore manomwe uye rakanga rarambidzwa muna 1572.

Consequences oprichnina achinyanya zvakakanganisa upfumi mamiriro ehurumende. Pane akatonga standstill zvakakwana. Chose nzvimbo munyika zvakaparadzwazve. Misha mizhinji vakanga vatizira, uye 90% munyika arable haina kupatsanurwa.

Uyezve, yekudyidzana ungaderedza simba kuhondo. Chokuita impoverishment, kuparadzwa kwamachinda, akaumba chinoumba weuto Russian, paiva dambudziko muchiuto. The hondo Livonia akarasika.

Nezvokumutswa hombe udzvanyiriri vakachinja wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Mavara kwakaderedza nhamba nemisha yadzikira uye nokushanda-zera vemo.

Panguva oprichnina zvikuru zvakawedzera mhedziso simba amambo. Aiva muna State Duma rave akaisa kuna Anotyisa.

Pashure pokuparadzwa aburuka vakakwirira akatanga zvakare kusimbisa Tsarist despotism. Oprichnina pave zvibviswe kuzvimirira varidzi, izvo zvinogona kuve hwaro dzidzo rehurumende veruzhinji. Vanhu vakava runotsamira hurumende yose uye mambo zvikurukuru.

Somugumisiro, kuti zvakajeka chigaro despotic hurumende kuRussia. Hapana aiva nokutya. Kunyange feudal vepamusoro hungakanganisika kubva muchivadzvinyirira wamambo. Panguva iyo Russian kwamachinda, izvo asati pakatanga ari oprichnina akapiwa rusununguko zvishoma chaizvo kodzero, kuti vawane simba.

Historians kusvikira zvino haagoni zvakarurama kuona mhaka panowanikwa hurumende yakadaro munyika. Maererano nedzimwe vanyori, Ivan Grozny saka akaedza centralize simba.