Bastille

Gore negore musi July wa14 French vapemberere Bastille Day. Mutambo chairwo zvikuru uye pachinzvimbo zvisingatarisirwi. Uye kukurira chii hwakabatana, unofanira nhoroondo shoma.

A nhare simba namasvingo marefu uye neshongwe masere, Bastille rakavakwa makore anodarika 10, 1370-1381 gg. Uye akapotsa kubvira pakutanga wakakombwa semupi tirongo. Kutanga, yaiva vemhosva vakawanda nengozi, pamusoro nguva yakava mujeri enyika. Uye chete remakore XVIII vasungwa ayo akashanyira nevanhu vakawanda wakakurumbira, kusanganisira vakawanda kaviri zvakanzi akapedzisa Voltaire, muzivi mukuru nguva, uyewo Count pakati Cagliostro, Madame of Lamotte, kuti Marquis of ndokuti, Nikolya Fuke, etc. Zvawanyora anopfuurira, asi chinangwa nyaya hachisi ichi.

Vakasungirwa mujeri iri pachavo mushonga mambo, pasina kutongwa, saka kutaura. Uye mirairo Bastille vaiva yakasimba zvikuru kupfuura mamwe mujeri chero. Zviri zvikuru zvomuzvarirwo kuti nhare uyu aishamwaridzana vokuParis, uye pamusoro chikamu political French despotism uye vanodzvinyirirwa. Uye ichi, pamwe chete yokuti muimba yepasi wakakombwa vakanga inochengeterwa zvombo, akaita wokukundwa of Bastille ndiye anenge hakudzivisiki.

The echimurenga mweya vanhu 1789, akakura nokukurumidza. By mid-July wegore iroro feudal Estates States-General, akaunganidza muna May wegore iroro, nomuzvarirwo tinoshandurirwa vasiri kuchamuka sangano, izvo wacho sezvo mutakuri vanhu kuda uye kuti maererano vanoti ukuru. In pekufa National Assembly iyi, vevatariri akasika munhu "chetatu-kirasi", vakazivisa pacharo National Constituent Assembly.

Kuti kudzvinyirira chimurenga anotanga Paris zvakakwidzwa nehondo yokumwe varwi vari uwandu vanopfuura 20 000. Akabva arega rimwe zvikuru nevanhu vashumiri vari rudzi, kureva Jacques Neckar. Akanga yakatsiviwa Baron Breteuil. nhau Izvi zvakatyisa vagere Paris, vaityira kukundwa of National Assembly, nokuti wakarovererwa tariro dzakadaro. Mumwe nomumwe zviitiko izvi zvishoma nezvishoma vakawedzera vanhu hasha uye nokudaro approximates wokukundwa of Bastille.

Kuipandukira vakatanga kudana vanhu vamukire, kupfuura inozivikanwa pakati agitators raiva Kamil Demulen. Somugumisiro, muParis musi July 13 atanga yokusagadzikana, zvikurukuru akanga sacked Abbey pamusoro Saint-Lazare. Kuti kuva chaiwo, dura rake. Paris Master Zhak De Flessell akatsvaka kumisa mhirizhonga uye akasika guta nevarwi, rwaiumbwa anenge zviuru 48 vanhu. Asi haana ruoko mapurisa.

Zvino paiva wokukundwa of Bastille. July 14 Mhomho wakashonga Paris, rinosvika vanenge 50 000 vanhu, vakapamba armories pana Invalides (shoko iri muFrance, ipapo akadana vakamborwa vanenge pamudyandigere). Saka, mumaoko vapanduki vanenge 40 000 pfuti. Rakatevera chinhu pamusoro urongwa hwavo aiva Bastille, nokuti wedzimba ayo, sezvambotaurwa, mumabhatiri gunpowder uye nemabara.

Pakazosvika Marquis of Launay vapanduki nhume kwave dzakagadzirirwa kuti ape zvombo kushongedzera mapurisa matunhu neminisiparati. De Launay akagamuchira nhume zvikuru noushamwari, asi akaramba kupa kunze zvombo. Mumwe pashure pomumwe, nhume kungosara.

Zvichakadai, vose vanhu kugara munharaunda. Panyaya iyi, iyo Bastille ravarwi chaiva vanhu 114 chete, uyo 32 vaiva Swiss Guard uye akasara 82 - vakaremara. Uyezve, pfuti 13 rave yakaiswa pamadziro wakakombwa. In pakati zuva, kureva panguva hafu yapfuura mumwe cannons izvi moto nechaunga vakaungana pedyo nhare mukudenga. Mugumisiro chiito ichi chaiva rufu vanhu 89 uye 73 vakakuvadzwa. Zvadaro, Marquis akanga atuma nenhume dzakawanda, uye ipapo boka kune drawbridge akabatwa Mumba vakaremara pfuti.

Achiona kuratidzirwa iri simba uye nevavariro, De Launay haasi kutarisira vavabatsire kubva Versailles uye saka akasarudza kuti kuridza kukwira nhare. Kuti aite izvi, iye akaburukira zimba, apo yaichengetwa gunpowder ane rakaburukira unopfungaira. Zvisinei, kuziva urongwa hwake haana kupiwa. Boka ravarwi Bastille akaunganidza kanzuru vehondo akapotsa vachibvumirana akavhotera vachida kuchinja.

Mukutsinhana chivimbiso kuponesa upenyu ari kutsigira wakakombwa, kuti Bastille avo vakapfuura maawa 17. Saka rutuko storming of Bastille. Inenge vose vanotsigira nhare, uyewo Tenzi of Flessell vakaurayiwa vakatsamwa. Chiitiko ichi chakanga mukukunda akakurumbira chimurenga wokutanga. Pasinei nokuti wokukundwa of Bastille haana kukunda kukuru, izvozvo asi akaita basa rinokosha munhau France. Nokufamba kwenguva, chiitiko ichi akava chiratidzo zvisingadzivisiki kukunda pamusoro despotism.

Kutanga kubva 1880, Bastille Day rinopembererwa somunhu National zororo.