Aroni al-Rashid: zvinangwa, kubudirira, vavengi. Ushe Aroni al-Rashid

Yechipiri yezana rechi8 remakore BC pakataurwa kwakaderera chehurumende, uye kure nzvimbo Caliphate ndina kurudziro itsva kuti kukura. Tikafunga vakawanda kuchinja vakamira panze kunyanya Baghdad. Zvikuru nokukurumidza yakava guta dzetsika uye enyika ane guru Muslim umambo. Mune rimwe kukurumidza kukura guta nomushambadzi, mapurani, musoja - wose aigona kuwana basa. A aibudirira zvikuru anogona kuita basa rinobudirira uye kuva paiva Caliph, ainzi - Aroni al-Rashid.

Tales uye Reality

Arab dzechembere agotikumikidza pamwe mubati Baghdad somunhu akanaka uye akachenjera vaichengetedza pamusoro ezvivako uye masayendisiti, philanthropist uye musiki. Mufananidzo Aroni al-Rashid aiva chaizvo kuti pashure zita rake rakava shoko imba, kureva norupo murume akapiwa simba, zvakanaka uye akarurama. Asi chokwadi ndechokuti, sezvo nguva dzose, akava zvikuru prosaic rengano.

pauduku caliph

In kuguta rekare Ray, uyo pedyo Iran, muna 766, akaberekwa muzukuru mukuru Al-Mansur - muvambi Abbasid youmambo, izvo kare inotongwa caliphate kukuru. Zvavo ndokumonereka kubva kumiganhu India uye China kusvika kuAtlantic mumhenderekedzo. Sekuru Aroni al-Rashid uye akavamba Baghdad. Last nguva kuberekwa yemberi caliph akava guta mupfumi uye ibudirire, chikuru kushongedzwa raiva mumuzinda Caliph. Khan akava amai yemberi Yemeni muranda nezita Al-Hayzuran kuti Caliph akaita murongo wake, uye akabva amuroora.

Aroni al-Rashid akapedza ake uduku ari unoundere nechidikamwa, takakombwa shamwari, mhuri uye vakachenjera zvevapi vamazano. Pasinei pfuma yakapoteredza, akasimba uye dzakasimba - kwazvo uta, uye swordsman, aiva shasha mutasvi. Kubva achiri muduku, zvevapi vamazano ake vaimiririra huru Barmakids uye muduku Jafar unto Barmakids aiva shamwari yake yepamwoyo kwemakore.

The mishandirapamwe yokutanga muchiuto

Akumbirwa mai Aroni panguva muduku pakati gumi mwanakomana Caliph akatora mugove pokurwa pamusoro Byzantine Empire. Zviri pachena kuti akaraira evasingatombonamati chezita, ruvengo zvose zvaiva zvakawanda vatungamiriri vemauto ruzivo. Pasinei vakawanda calumnies, uyo vanoita zeve-zeve munzeve yababa vake, vavengi Aroni al-Rashid, vakanga ndakakanuka. Young mugari wenhaka akaratidza ushingi muhondo uye ivo, uye iye anokodzera yakawanda dzakaoma kunzwisisa.

Ndadzoka kubva patrol, Aroni al-Rashid akanzi atonge Ifriqiya (zvino nyika ino iri munharaunda Tunisia ano), Armenia, Azerbaijan uye Siria. Pane zvakarongwa pamusoro Vakwikwidzi nokuti chigaro Caliph, akanga wechipiri chete vake hafu-mukoma Musa.

The yokutonga pfupi pamusoro al-Hadi

Pashure pokufa caliph Musa akatora chigaro pasi zita al-Hadi. munin'ina wake, akakanda mujeri uye akamanikidza kupika kuti haana Aroni al-Rashid asingadi vanozviti chigaro uye uchashumira nokutendeka kwake munin'ina-gavhuna.

Asi mai Haruna uye shamwari yake Jafar mhiko yakadaro kwete kupa mutemo pfupi-aigara al-Hadi mu caliphate yake. Muna 786, akafa kamwe kamwe, chikatsiviwa Aroni.

Zvinangwa Aroni al-Rashid

Kurwira chigaro soumambo - chinhu refu uye ropa kukakavadzana. Mushure akwira choushe, mukomana Aroni chokutanga akaramba kuridza chezita basa, uye akatonga nyika yake mudzidzisi uye Barmakids simba. Pamutongo wechiduku Caliph yaitungamirirwa nedzidziso tenzi wake Yahya ibn Khalid, nguva yakawanda uye akapa mai vake, uyo akakwidziridza chigaro.

Pashure naamai vake rufu, Aroni al-Rashid iri zvishoma nezvishoma ndichipfeka kuparadza pesvedzero ane simba nemhuri Barmakids uye anotora itsvo mumaoko avo. The chikuru vavengi Aroni al-Rashid zvino - shamwari dzake zvekare uye zvevapi vamazano. Musi waJanuary 29, makore 803 kubva pamaoko vizier ake Jafar anourawa - refu-rimire uye shamwari yakavimbika vakawanda Caliph. Yaiva mhosva kushoropodza kusazivikanwa vatsoropodzi mhosva kana nokufungirana of Caliph - chokwadi, isu hadzizombozvizivi. Kubva vatungamiriri vaivawo yakaturikwa mudzidzisi Caliph, uye mudzidzisi wake Yahya ibn Khalifa rakakiyiwa zvachose mujeri.

Policy caliph

Ushe Aroni al-Rashid, anogona kunzi yendarama zera iri caliphate. Unconditional muchiuto ukuru mwoyo vavakidzani dzine urombo kuti haibatsiri vachirwisa kumucheto umambo. All kuedza vesa mirazvo hondo utsinye woutsinye. In ichi dzorugare nguva raive rakasimba kutengeserana. Zvichida zvakanga Arab vatengesi uyo mhindu nawo yose yaizivikanwa nyika, vakaparadzira mashoko pamusoro Caliph idzva ave mutongi norupo uye akachenjera.

Pasinei mukurumbira wake muedzo mutongi uye hasha mutungamiri nemauto, Aroni al-Rashid aikurumidza inzwi masayendisiti uye tsitsi varombo. Kubvira ushe kwayo, anonyengetera daily. For vafundisi uye vadetembi masuo akanga nguva dzose akazaruka, kazhinji Aroni akateerera kwavari, achivabvumira kududzira Koran, kuimba nziyo dzokurumbidza kero yavo.

Nokufambira mberi mune zvesayenzi uye kuvaka

Pasinei Kazhinji, tine hama rusununguko muna Abissidskom caliphate guta. Khalifa akatevera Kubudirira masayendisiti kubva kunyika dzakasiyana caliphate ake, uye akakoka vazhinji matarenda vatsvakurudzi ake uye ezvivako. Kuburikidza kusvika iyi chii kubudirira akava nomukurumbira Aroni al-Rashid, nokukurumidza vakadzidza yose Arab nyika. The caliphate kuvaka mabhiriji uye mosques, akavaka levees uye madhamu, unodiridzwa yakaoma zvisingaperi nyika Caliphate. Paiva nechepakati mabha- basa, izvo muEurope panguva iyoyo kutongonzwa. The karavhani yenzira munharaunda iri Caliphate vadzivirirwa kubva makororo, vafambi pataimira mahotera, pasina kutya kuti upenyu hwavo uye mari.

patani huru

Zvinofadza kuti, maererano nomumwe munyori wenhau, Aroni al-Rashid vakakanganiswa kufunga mabasa nokuda unobatanidza Gungwa Dzvuku nemvura romeyskoy (Mediterranean). Nokuti Implementation basa iri riri Caliph aiva nzira uye mukana. Chirongwa ichi akarambwa kubva mamiriro zvokuzvidzivirira zvikonzero - vatungamiriri Caliph zvakakomba vaitya nechisimba Byzantine zvikepe uye dzavo budiriro kusvikira kumhenderekedzo Hejaz. Kakawanda vakadzokera ichi pfungwa pashure, anopfuura chiuru makore, yakavakwa pamusoro nzvimbo rekare chirongwa pakati neSuez Canal.

The mukadzi Caliph

Nokukurumidza, vechiduku Caliph akaroorwa. sarudzo yake raiva Zubeydda Ibn Dzhafar, muzukuru ari Caliph unto Mansour. kubudirira Vakawanda Aroni al-Rashid kodzero anofanira kunzi ichi mukadzi kunyanya. Akaita kubatsira zvikuru kuti runako muguta, yayo pasi mumigwagwa Baghdad murima zviedza glowed, iye ndomumwe wevakadzi kuita rudo basa. Iye akamupa murume uye mwanakomana, tenzi Abu Abdallu Al Allah, uyo pane imwe nguva aiva mugari wenhaka kwababa vake umambo.

Caliph uye chitendero

Mutsa uye uMwari mutongi vasinganzwisisiki pamwe ake kurerutsa nemafungiro zvimwe zvitendero. Pamazuva ake ushe mangwanani, iye yakazivisa ruregero, akaregererwa mazana makororo uye mbavha, asi vakasara pevhu vanhu, kududzirwa Korani iri rakasiyana senguva. In hristinskom nyika vanhu ava aizonzi sevapanduki. Vanonzi zindīq aifanira pachena kusiya zvakaipa muviri uye kuti zvimwe fufuro wake kusunungurwa. VaHedheni vakanga pasi nokuninipiswa ari caliphate uye vaiva pasi zvikuru inoomesera mitemo. Somuenzaniso, vakarambidzwa kupfeka zvakafanana shangu inopfekwa vamwe vaMuslim. Vaisabvumirwa kuchovha mabhiza - huru nzira yokufambisa vaKristu uye nevamwe infidels vaiona mbongoro. Kwete akanakidzwa kutsigirwa caliphate uye vateveri zvimwe zvitendero. Mugore 806 Aroni al-Rashid mu vaizviita kushingaira kuti Islam chete chitendero panyika yavo, akarayira kuparadzwa dzinoyera zvose yechiKristu munyika dzavo, chokwadi rambidzwa kuita chiKristu munguva caliphate yake.

The okupedzisira Caliph

The hasha wokuti Islam anomira pamagumo yakadengenyeka akanyorova ushe Abbadinskogo caliphate. Various dzenzvimbo vaMuslim vakawana nevatsigiri vavo kumucheto hombe umambo. Kumukirana muIjipiti, Tunisia uye Central Asia. hondo dzakawanda wakaparadza muchivigiro uye akabvunza pakarepo pfungwa mutongi. Khalifa kazhinji vaifanira pachake atungamirire uto danidziro. Munguva Aroni kudzoka kubva nhimbe yakadaro, muna 809 gore, akanga vofa. Zvinonzi okupedzisira mashoko caliph vaiva: ". Haufi, munhuwo zvake"