Life uye tsika muzana remakore rechi18 kuRussia: History

Kutonga Epochal Petro I, uyewo yaro yakawanda kuchinja zvainanga westernization uye kubviswa zvisaririra Ages muupenyu uye zvematongerwo enyika, aiva zvikuru kwakabatsira mararamiro nemakirasi ose umambo.

Various zvakagadzirwa, nokushingaira otaura kupinda muupenyu uye netsika vokuRussia muzana remakore rechi18, akapa simba riwedzere kuti kuchinja Russia ive chinoziva European mamiriro.

Peter I kwakaita kuchinja

Peter I, uyewo akamutevera pachigaro choushe Catherine II, ayo chikuru basa familiarizing vakadzi vakatenda kuti upenyu zvenyika uye accustom okumusoro makirasi Russian nzanga nemitemo nokuzvibata. Kuti aite izvi, akamisa mirayiridzo inokosha uye kutungamirirwa; Young avakuru kudzidza nemitemo mudare nokuzvibata uye akatuma kudzidza muna dzokuMadokero nyika, apo musana rakafuridzirwa chido kuti vanhu Russian chinoziva uye mamwe ano. kuchinja Most dzakawira rokunyika upenyu, mhuri mararamiro haana kumbochinja - musoro wemhuri waiva murume, vamwe vomumhuri vaifanira kumuteerera.

Life uye tsika muzana remakore rechi18, Russia vakapinda chikuru nhaurwa pamwe zvakagadzirwa, chaizvoizvo rikabudirira absolutism uye feudal ukama haana kubvumira nyarara uye anokurumidza zvirongwa kuti Europeanization muupenyu. Uyezve, pane musiyano wakajeka kuti upenyu Estates akapfuma uye akanga serfs.

Court upenyu XVIII remakore

Life uye tsika youmambo yechipiri yezana XVIII remakore akasiyana kumboitika hwokusanyara, kunoshamisa kunyange vatorwa. All vainzwa kunetseka kwazvo Western kuitika: muMoscow uye St. Petersburg, paiva vadzidzisi, varayiridzi nevezvimwewo, milliners; ndichisunga kuti kudzidza mutauro French; Special fashoni wakatangwa kune vakadzi, vaiva mudare.

Innovation Vakaonekwa Paris, iva nechokwadi kuti kudzidza kubva Russian kwamachinda. Court nokuzvibata sezvinoita chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo unongotaura - kunokudzwa uta, curtsies akasika rikwanise pfungwa affectedness.

Nokufamba kwenguva, vakawanda kukurumbira aiva yemitambo. Munguva iyi kuonekwa uye vokutanga playwrights Russian (Demetrius, Sumarokov).

Kuwedzera kufarira mabhuku French. Vamiririri vakakwirira vari kuramba nezvezvandaifanira paumbwe uye kukura ane multi-faceted unhu - chinova mhando chiratidzo zvakanaka kuravira.

Munguva 30s - 40s of XVIII remakore, panguva yaitonga Anny Ioannovny, mumwe varaidzo yakakurumbira, kunze wechesi uye checkered, rava mutambo makadhi, izvo kare kwainzi sava nehunhu.

Life uye tsika muzana remakore rechi18 kuRussia: upenyu kwamachinda

The Vagari wokuRussia Empire chaiva nemakirasi anoverengeka.

In chinonyanya zvinobetsera nzvimbo vaiva vakuru mumaguta makuru, kunyanya Saint - Petersburg uye Moscow: zvokunyama zvakanaka uye nzvimbo yepamusoro munyika, vakwanise kutungamirira ainge upenyu, yose nguva kuronga uye nokupinda evanhu zviitiko.

Kunyatsomuteerera rwakabhadharwa kuna mudzimba dzavo, pamusoro urongwa izvo chaizvo vaiisa netsika Western.

pakuva vakakwirira anokudzwa muumbozha uye runako: makamuri makuru, padzinoshandiswa zvine yakarongedzwa pamwe European fenicha, huru chandeliers vane makenduru, vapfumi raibhurari pamwe mabhuku Western vanyori - zvose izvi zvakanga kuratidza pfungwa kuravidza uye kuva uchapupu kwamachinda mhuri. Yakakura makamuri mudzimba rinobvumira muridzi kuti varonge ungana balls uye enyika yemichato.

Basa dzidzo iri XVIII remakore

Life uye tsika yechipiri yezana remakore rechi18 vakanga zvakawanda raikonzerwa simba tsika dzokuMadokero muRussia ikava mufashoni revatongi Salons, apo Vachiita gakava pamusoro zvematongerwo enyika, unyanzvi, mabhuku, nharo yaiitwa pamusoro misoro kwouzivi. Most popular waiva mutauro French, izvo vana voumambo kubva pauduku akadzidziswa vadzidzisi zvikuru vanobhadharwa vatorwa. Kuti vabudirire 15 - makore 17 akapa kuyaruka nemasangano dzidzo namahwindo mhando: majaya vaidzidziswa pano kuti zvechiuto, vasikana - mitemo zvakanaka kuravira, uye mano kuridza zviridzwa siyana, upenyu hwemhuri.

The Europeanization upenyu uye nheyo madhorobha vakawanda yakanga zvikuru nokuda kukura yose. Zvakagadzirwa zviri unyanzvi, mapurani, zvokudya, zvokupfeka nokukurumidza midzi mudzimba kwamachinda. Dzakarukwa tsika yekare Russian uye patsika, Vakatsunga upenyu uye netsika rechi18 kuRussia.

Panguva iyoyowo, zvakagadzirwa regai rakapararira munyika, uye akafukidza chete zvemberi kuti kumatunhu ayo, kamwe zvakare kusimbisa musiyano pakati yakabudirira uye varombo akaturikidzana.

Life dzematunhu vanokudzwa

Kusiyana nevaitonga guru, vamiririri mumatunhu kwamachinda vakararama kupfuura mwero, kunyange vakaedza nepose kufanana akapfuma zvikuru vakakwirira. Dzimwe nguva chido ichi kudivi akatarisa vakanaka cartoonish. Kana iwe unoziva guru akararama kure Holdings aro akakura uye kushanda pavari zviuru serfs, kwakabva mhuri amachinda nemisha huru mari inobva mitero yacho yakakonzera vanhuwo zvavo uye mari yavo mapurazi maduku. Jinda kuti muimba yaiva chakafanana guru kwamachinda dzimba, asi ane musiyano chinokosha - inotevera kumba vakanga riri dzakawanda outbuildings.

Padanho dzidzo amachinda kwamachinda raiva pasi kwazvo, kurovedza yakakurumbira kungogumira zvinokosha girama uye svomhu. Varume vanopedza nguva yavo yokuzorora, kuenda kutsvaka, uye vakadzi makuhwa upenyu dare uye mufashoni, vasina ichi inoenderana mharidzo.

Varidzi vokumaruwa matunhu akanga hunonyatsobatana vanhuwo zvavo, vaichengeta basa vashandi uye vashandi mudzimba dzavo. Naizvozvo, kumaruwa kwamachinda yakanga zvikuru pedyo vanhuwo pane yemo vairemekedzwa. Uyezve, vakuru vakadzidza havaratidzi, uyewo varimi, vaiva kazhinji kure zvakagadzirwa vakasuma, uye kana vakaedza kuramba vane fashoni, zvikazooneka zviri zvikuru sekesa pane pezvinhu.

Varimi: upenyu uye tsika muzana remakore rechi18 kuRussia

Rema zvose anazvo yakadereresa vanhu vakaderera yeRussian Empire - serfs.

Ndinoshanda mazuva matanhatu pavhiki nokuda muridzi haana kupa murimi nguva kuvandudza upenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Own mapindu vaifanira kubata pamazororo uye kupera kwevhiki, nekuti vanhuwo zvavo mhuri vakanga vana vazhinji, uye taifanira zvimwe zvokudya. Nebasa zvachose uye kushaya vakasununguka nguva uye zviwanikwa kusungwa uye upenyu huri nyore pane vanhuwo zvavo: huni imba, mukati mafungu, shoma zvokudya nembatya nyore. Zvisinei, izvi zvose hazvina kuvatadzisa kukwira pamwe mafaro: huru yemitambo yaiitwa muhombe mutambo, Zvaiitirwa vachitamba, nziyo dzaiimbwa.

Vana vanhuwo zvavo, vasina kugamuchira chero dzidzo, akadzokorora zvaitika vabereki vavo, uye vava varanda serf uye kwamachinda kana matunhu.

The simba kuWest pamusoro kukura reRussia

Life uye tsika vanhu Russian panguva pakuguma XVIII remakore ruzhinji vaitungamirirwa kwakakwana pokudzora rokumavirira nyika nemiitiro. Pasinei kugadzikana uye Rigidity kwetsika yekare Russian uye dzinoitwa dzakabudirira zvishoma nezvishoma apinda upenyu chavagari yeRussian Empire, kuiita rakabudirira chikamu yakawanda vakadzidza uye kuverenga. Izvi kunosimbiswa pakuonekwa siyana masangano basa rwaiumbwa atogamuchira pamwero dzidzo, vanhu (semuenzaniso matunhu neminisiparati kuzvipatara).

Cultural kubudirira uye zvishoma nezvishoma Europeanization chavagari zvikuru kuratidza zvakajeka nhoroondo Russian. Life uye tsika muzana remakore rechi18, nemhaka mutemo yokugadziridza dzidzo Peter I, chakaratidza kutanga tsika kukura pasi pose Russia uye vanhu vayo.