Mhuri wokupedzisira youmambo. Kupondwa mhuri youmambo: Zvinokonzera uye Consequences

wokupedzisira Russian mhuri Emperor Nikolaya Romanova akaurayiwa muna 1918. Nokuda yokuvanda kubudikidza Bolsheviks, pane nhamba kungaitwa pane shanduro. Nokuti kwakanyorwa runyerekupe nguva refu, kutendeusira kupondwa vemhuri hwoumambo ngano. Vaiva pfungwa yokuti munhu akanga apukunyuka nevana vake.

Chii chaizvo chakaitika muzhizha 1918 pedyo Yekaterinburg? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu inogona kuwanikwa nyaya yedu.

prehistory

Russia pakutanga ramakumi remakore aiva mumwe kupfuura mari dzakabudirira munyika. Vaiuya simba Nikolay Aleksandrovich aiva munhu munyoro uye anokudzwa. Mumweya akanga asiri autocrat, uye mukuru. Saka, pamwe ake nemaonero upenyu zvakanga zvakaoma kudzora makariita mamiriro.

The yaifamba 1905 akaratidza kukundikana hurumende yaro voga kubva kuvanhu. Chokwadi paiva simba mbiri munyika. Official - Emperor, uye chaiyo - namachinda, vanokudzwa uye varidzi. Yakanga rokupedzisira nemakaro ake, unzenza uye kutadza kufunga nezveremangwana maparadza kamwe guru simba.

Parinouya uye Misangano mikuru, mienzaniso, uye chingwa bongozozo, nzara. Zvose izvi anoratidza kuparara. The chete nzira yokubuda aigona kuva accession pachigaro mutongi okumanikidza uye vanachandagwinyira, uyo akakwanisa kutora kudzora nyika zvizere pasi yayo kuzvidzora.

Nicholas II sezvo vakadaro haana. Akanga rinotarisa kuvakwa railroads, machechi, kuvandudza upfumi uye tsika munzanga. Akakwanisa kufambira mberi muzvinhu izvi. Asi zvakanaka kuchinja kunge iri huru, chete misoro kwenzanga, pamwe vakawanda vanhuwo kuMiddle Ages vachiri chechetere. Tochi, matsime, ngoro murimi mudiki ndege mevhiki.

Pashure pavanopinda Russian Empire Munyika War First chete zvakawedzera Kusagutsikana vanhu. The kupfura yemhuri youmambo rava apotheosis hwoupengo nokudenga. Next, tinokurukura zvizere mhosva iyi.

Zvino zvakakosha kucherechedza zvinotevera. Mushure abdication pamusoro chevaux Nicholas II uye mukoma wake kubva pachigaro munyika pamberi vanotanga mberi masoja, vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo. Vanhu vakambotadza kumbova utariri mubhizimisi, vane risingamboshandisi azvipire nemagariro uye zvachero nezvakatongwa, vawane simba.

Small vezviitiko vemo vaida afarirwe soro pamisara. Munhuwo chete uye mudiki vakuru vari chete mindlessly kutevera mirairo. Nguva Troubles kwakaitika mumakore aya anonetsa, akasasa padenga pose kukanganiswa zvinhu.

Next uchaona mamwe mapikicha wamambo mhuri Romanov. Kana iwe zvitarire vanyatsomucherechedza, uchaona kuti mbatya yamambo, mudzimai wake nevana hakusi vachivhaira. Havasi yakasiyana avo vakavapoteredza kubatanidza varimi uye varindi.
Ngatitarisei chii chaizvo chakaitika muna Yekaterinburg muna July 1918.

Chokwadi zviitiko

The kupfura dzemhuri youmambo yakanga yakarongwa uye akagadzirira kwenguva yakareba. Apo simba rakanga richiri mumaoko dikidiki Government, vakanga vachiedza kudzivirira. Naizvozvo, mambo Petrograd pashure nezvakaitika July 1917, mudzimai wake, nevana vavo uye boka racho kune Tobolsk.

A nzvimbo vakanyatsosarudzwa yakanyarara. Asi chokwadi takawana akadaro, izvo zvakanga zvakaoma kutiza. Pakazosvika nguva munjanji usati ruoko kuna Tobolsk. The pedyo chiteshi yaiva makiromita maviri namakumi masere.

Hurumende zvokungoitawo anotsvaka kuchengetedza mhuri yaKesari, saka panotaurwa Tobolsk waiva Nicholas II Kuzorora pamberi inotevera dzikirira. Mambo, navahosi, vana vavo boka racho akagara ikoko kwemwedzi anopfuura matanhatu.

Asi muna April, asi Bolsheviks pashure zvinovava simba hondo yeuka nezve "konekwa bhizimisi". A Sarudzo anoitwa kununura Imperial zvose mhuri iri Ekaterinburg, yaimbova panguva iyoyo munhare tsvuku kufamba.

Chokutanga Perm kubva Petrograd Duke Michael, munin'ina wamambo. Mukupera March, akadzinga mwanakomana wake Michael nevana vatatu kubudikidza Konstantin Konstantinovich muna Vyatka. Gare gare mana okupedzisira kuchinjirwa Ekaterinburg.

Chikonzero chikuru kuti shanduro kumabvazuva simbi ukama Nikolai Alexandrovich German Emperor William uye napedyo omubatanidzwa Petrograd. The kuipandukira vakatya kusunungurwa mambo uye kudzorerwa umambo.

Interesting basa Yakovlev, uyo akapiwa basa rokutarisira kutakura mambo pamwe kubva Tobolsk kuna Ekaterinburg mhuri. Aiziva pamusoro tatarisana Siberian Bolsheviks akaedza mambo.

Maererano zvakachengetedzwa, pane miviri nyanzvi. Chokutanga vanoti kuti zvechokwadi Konstantin Myachin. Akagamuchira Murayiro kubva Center "kuunza mambo nemhuri yake muMoscow." Zvapedzisira chiwanzo chokudavira kuti Yakovlev aiva European musori, isu kuda kuponesa Kesari, vakaendeswa Japan kuburikidza Omsk uye Vladivostok.

Asvika Ekaterinburg vasungwa vose vakaiswa mumba mhuri Ipatiev. Ponesai nepikicha youmambo mhuri Romanov ari kwemashoko Ural Soviet Yakovlev. Place yevasungwa pakati kuipandukira anonzi "chaiyo chinangwa musha."

Ikoko dzaiitwa mazuva makumi manomwe nevasere. Kuti uwane mashoko pamusoro mafungiro perekedza kuna Kesari uye mhuri yake achatsikwa kutsanangurwa pashure. Panguva ino, zvinokosha zvinosimbisa kuti zvakanga tsika uye boorish. Vakapamba, vakamanikidza mupfungwa uye mupfungwa kushungurudzwa, saka zvakanga zvisiri kuoneka kuti muimba masvingo.

Uchifunga migumisiro kuferefeta, isu kunyatsotarisisa usiku, apo mambo nemhuri yake boka racho akapfurwa. Zvino tinoona kuti kuuraya kwakaitika inenge hafu usiku rechitatu. Physician-chiremba Botkin pamusoro kuipandukira anorayira vasungwa vose vakamuka uye akaenda navo dura.

Pane akanga mhosva yakaipisisa. Akarayira Jurowski. Iye blurted kunze yakagadzirirwa chando kuti "vari kuedza kuponesa, uye Ndezvokukurumidzira." Hapana vasungwa havana kunzwisisa. Nicholas II akanga chete kukumbira kudzokorora zvataurwa, asi kutya mamiriro nevanopikisana varwi akatanga kupfura zvachero. Uye punishers dzinoverengeka vanogumurwa kubva imwe kamuri kuburikidza mukova. Maererano zvapupu usauraya zvose nguva yokutanga. Vamwe apera kure pamwe bayonets.

Saka, ichi rinoratidza mhanya uye kushaya kudzidzisa kwacho. The kuurayiwa kwaiva lynching, iyo akaenda Bolsheviks akarasikirwa misoro yavo.

Government disinformation

The kupfura dzemhuri youmambo ichiri unsolved chakavanzika Russian kare. Mutoro atrocity ichi kunogona nhema zvose Lenin uye Sverdlov kuti Uralsovet inongova imwe umboo, uye zvakananga kuSiberia kuipandukira uyo akakundwa mukuru nokutya uye vakarasikirwa misoro yavo munguva yehondo.

Kunyange zvakadaro, pakarepo mushure chakazadziswa mhosva hurumende chirongwa kuzvichenesa zvikadaro mukurumbira wavo. Pakati vaongorori anobatanidzwa iyi, zvichangobva zviito vanonzi "disinformation Mushandirapamwe".

Kufa mhuri youmambo akanzi chete zvakakodzera nechiyero. Sezvo, maererano Bolshevik vakanyorwa nyaya, mumwe pakaunda-echimurenga zano yakawanikwa. Vamwe vakuru chena kuronga kurwisa Ipatiev imba uye kusunungura mambo nemhuri yake.

The pfungwa yechipiri, iyo dzinotyisa akavanda kwemakore, kwaiva kuti akapfurwa vanhu gumi. Mambo, mudzimai wake, nevana vashanu uye varume vana wavaranda.

Events mhosva havana pachena kwemakore anoverengeka. Pamutemo akapiwa chete muna 1925. Chisarudzo ichi chaiva nokuda kwebhuku rinonzi muWestern Europe apo migumisiro kuferefeta vakanga vachipisira Sokolov. Panguva iyoyo basa Bykov nyora pamusoro "iripo nzira zviitiko." Bhurocha rino rakanyorwa muna Sverdlovsk muna 1926.

Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri Bolsheviks vavete panguva dzakawanda vanochiva uyewo achivanza chokwadi kubva vanhuwo vanodzungudza kutenda kwavo simba. mhosva iyi uye nemigumisiro yayo, zvichienderana Lykova zvakakonzera vanhu vasavimbe hurumende, izvo haana kuchinja kunyange post-kweSoviet.

Njodzi vamwe Romanovs

The kupfura yemhuri youmambo aifanira kugadzirira. Saizvozvowo, "kudziyisa" aiva kuchaitwa munin'ina yamambo, Mikhail Alexandrovich yake pachake munyori.
Pausiku wegumi musi 13 June 1918 vakanga vatorwa nechisimba kubva hotera kuti guta Perm. Vakanga vapfurwa mudondo, uye avo zvasara zvisati zvawanikwa.

Nokuti dzakawanda venhau mashoko rakaitwa kuti Grand Duke akanga kubiwa kubudikidza hackers uye chave chichishayikwa. Nokuti Russia, mukuru shanduro yakanga kupukunyuka Mikhail Alexandrovich.

Chinangwa chikuru chikumbiro ichi chaiva rikurumidze yavasina mambo nemhuri yake. Runyerekupe kuti vakapukunyuka kungawedzera kusunungurwa "anodzvinyirira reropa" uye "kurangwa chete".

Akatambudzwa okupedzisira mhuri yeumambo kwete chete. In Vologda, vanhu vasere vakaurayiwa uye zviitiko zvine chokuita Romanovs. Vakaurayiwa zvaisanganisira Imperial Blood Prince Igor, Ivan uye Konstantin Konstantinovichi, Mukuru Duchess Elizabeth, Mukuru Duke Sergei Mikhailovich, Prince Paley, bhizimisi uye kelejnitsy.

Vakanga zvose akandwe mugomba pasi Selimskaja, pedyo netaundi Alapayevsk Perm province. Chete kuti Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich akaramba uye akapfurwa. Vamwe romuromo uye vakakandirwa vari vapenyu pasi. Muna 2009, vakanga somusande sezvo kutenda.

Asi nyota ichi ropa akanga asina kutapudzwa. Muna January 1919, munhare vakanga vapfurwa mamwe Romanovs mana. Grand Nemachinda Nicholas uye Georgy Mikhailovich, Dmitry K. uye Pavel Aleksandrovich. The pamutemo shanduro Revolutionary Committee akanga zvinotevera: kubviswa pakati hostages mukupindura kupondwa Liebknecht uye Luxemburg muGermany.

netsamba vakararama

Vatsvakurudzi akaedza vakiridza sei nhengo dzemhuri youmambo vakaurayiwa. Chinhu chakanakisisa nokubatsirwa ichi kutarisira zvipupuriro vanhu vakanga varipo.
Chokutanga bhuku yakadaro ndiyo pauzima dhayari manotsi kuti Trotsky. Akataura kuti mhosva zviremera zvemo. Kunyanya akasarudzwa mazita Stalin uye Sverdlov sezvo vanhu vakatora sarudzo iyi. Lev Davidovich inoti kuti mune mashoko rakada kufanana nemashoko Czechoslovak mauto okuti Stalin kuti "mambo havagoni kupa nevachena", akava mutongo rufu.

Asi masayendisiti mubvunzo kufungisisa yakarurama zviitiko zviri manotsi. Vakanga vakaita mukupera thirties, paakanga achishanda ari Biography pamusoro Stalin. Pane zvimwewo zvandakakanganisa, paakataura kuti Trotsky takanganwa vazhinji zviitiko.

The chapupu wechipiri ruzivo kubva dhayari pamusoro Milutin, uyo anotaura kupondwa mhuri youmambo. Anonyora kuti Sverdlov akauya kumusangano uye akabvunza Lenin shoko. Kamwe Yakov akati kuti mambo akafa, Lenin rinooneka vakachinja nyaya uye akaenda kumusangano akafanana rapfuura mutongo haana.

Nhoroondo dzakawanda zvakakwana mhuri youmambo mumazuva ekupedzisira oupenyu vadzorerwa protocols pamusoro Kubvunzurudzwa kuti vechikamu zviitiko izvi. Users wavarindi, uye kuri mapoka mariro akapupura kakawanda.

Kunyange zvazvo vari kuvhiringidzwa kazhinji, asi anokosha pfungwa ndewokuti. Vose Bolsheviks, vakanga rakatevera mambo wokupedzisira mishoma, chaifanira kunomhangara. Mumwe kare kwave pachangu mutirongo, munhu ane hama. Kazhinji, isu vakaunganidza contingent kuti aimbova vasungwa.

In Yekaterinburg, ivo Bolsheviks wakarwadzisa vapanduki uye Socialist-kuipandukira. Kuti varege vanotanga kusavimba, veko kanzuru, kwakasarudzwa kuti nokukurumidza achagumisa mashandiro ichi. The zvakawanda nokuti paiva guhwa kuti Lenin anoda kuchinjana mhuri youmambo kuderedza uwandu indemnity.

Maererano vechikamu ichi chaiva chete mhinduro. Mukuwedzera, vazhinji vavo panguva Kubvunzurudzwa dundundu kuti auraya mambo pachake. Ndiani pane mumwe chete kwepfuti matatu. Maererano diaries pamusoro Nicholas wake, vashandi vakanga vakarinda vakanga kazhinji akadhakwa. Naizvozvo, nokuti zvimwe zviitiko chaivo havagoni kuchadzorerwa.

Chii chakaitika mapfupa

roumambo umhondi mhuri kwakaitika muchivande, uye akaronga kuti varambe muchivande. Asi avo mhosva zvibviswe mapfupa vasina kukurira basa.

chikwata huru kwazvo pamariro ikaungana. Yurovsky aifanira kutumira vazhinji kuguta "isingachadiwi".

Maererano uchapupu vechikamu acho, voitakura basa mashoma. Pakutanga, zvakanga akaronga kupisa nguvo, uye vasina kupfeka miviri akandwe mugomba, uye muzadze nyika. Asi kuparara kwepuranga rakachinjika. Ndaifanira dzokubvisa Zvisaririra dzemhuri youmambo uye kukwira neimwe nzira.

Kwakasarudzwa kupisa kana kuviga navo munzira, iro chete kuvakwa. Kare pamuviri vanounyanisa muviri sulfuric asidhi-kuzivikanwa. Kubva maminitsi zviri pachena kuti mitumbi vaviri vakapisa uye vakaviga zororo.

Zvichipomerwa vakapisa chitunha Alexei uye mumwe musikana kubva vashandi.

The nokuomerwa wechipiri waiva kuti chikwata akanga akabatikana usiku hwose uye mangwanani akatanga kuonekwa vafambi. kuti nzvimbo uye namazariro Cordon kure kufamba kubva mumusha waiva pedyo rakapiwa. Asi pakavanda hwokushanda yakanga tariro vakakundikana.

Kuferefeta kwakaratidza kuti unoedza nekuviga mitumbi vaiva pedyo yangu №7 uye 184 fung kufamba. Kunyanya, pedo yokupedzisira vakanga zvakawanikwa muna 1991.

tsvangurudza Kirsten

26-27 July 1918 varimi anowanikwa choto pedyo Iset wangu ndarama muchinjikwa namabwe anokosha. The kuwana yakanga pakarepo akatorwa refutenendi Sheremetyevo, uyo akanga akavanda kubva Bolsheviks mumusha Koptyaki. Rakanga akaita munhu rokutanga kuferefeta asi gare gare nyaya basa Kirste.

Akatanga kudzidza uchapupu zvapupu akanongedza nokupondwa mhuri Romanov. About ake vavhiringidzika uye kutya. The dzendege aisatarisira kuti ichi hachisi nemigumisiro vemauto dare, uye mutadzi mhosva.

Akatanga kubvunza zvapupu, uyo akapa uchapupu dzinopesana. Asi kwakavakirwa pavo Kirsta akagumisa kuti zvichida chete akapfura Kesari, mudyi wenhaka. The vamwe vomumhuri akatizira Perm.

Zvinoita sokuti dzendege akaisa chinangwa kuratidza kuti havasi vose Romanov mhuri yeumambo vakaurayiwa. Kunyange pashure pokunge zvakajeka akasimbisa mhosva, Kirsten akaramba kuongorora vatsva vanhu.

Saka, nokufamba kwenguva, iye anowana mumwe chiremba Utochkina zvinoratidza kuti aiona muchindakadzi Anastasia. Zvadaro mumwe chapupu akataura pamusoro shanduro wake uye vamwe mambo vana muna Perm, pamusoro aiziva norunyerekupe.

Pashure Kirsta muddled zvachose nyaya, yakapiwa mumwe dzendege.

Sokolov tsvangurudza

Uyo akauya simba muna 1919, Kolchak akarayira Diteriks kunzwisisa sei mhuri Romanov youmambo akaurayiwa. Last reassign nyaya yacho dzendege kuti kukosha nyaya yacho Omsk nharaunda.

zita rake rainzi Sokolov. Kupondwa mhuri youmambo, uyu murume akatanga kuongorora kubva muvare. zvose hofisi basa, asi haana kuvimba kuvhiringidza protocols Kirsten Kunyange iye dzabviswa.

Rukodzi Re-akashanya panguva kwangu, uyewo muimba mhuri Ipatiev. Home Kuongorora zvakanga zvakaoma kuwana ikoko pamusoro Staff of Czech Army. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzinyore reGermany pamadziro, mashoko ari Heine kwakaita ndima sezvayakawanikwa kuti mambo akauraya zvidzidzo. Mashoko akanga ndikamumara zvakajeka pashure kurasikirwa muguta dzvuku.

Kuwedzera magwaro ari Yekaterinburg, ari dzendege akanga atuma nyaya kupondwa Prince Michael Permian uye mhosva machinda Alapaevsk.

Zvakare, Bolsheviks akabata nharaunda, Sokolov kunze kwenyika vari Harbin, uye zvakare kuna Western Europe yose nyaya dzemapepa. Vakanga vasiya mapikicha mhuri youmambo, diaries, uye nezvimwe uchapupu.

Zvakabuda kuferefeta, akabudisa muna 1924 kuParis. Muna 1997, gore rimwe chete, Hans-Adam II, Muchinda Liechtenstein, akapfuura vose nyaya dzemapepa kuti hurumende yeRussia. Asi iye Files mhuri yake vakarwirwa, aivigirwa panguva Second World War.

tsvangurudza ano

Muna 1979 rimwe boka iyi inotungamirirwa Ryabov uye Avdonina magwaro zvakachengetedzwa ndikawana akavigwa pedyo yemapurisa "184? Km". Muna 1991, yokupedzisira yaiti kuti aiziva apo dzasara Kesari zviri vapfurwa. Rakanga kuzodzosera yakatanga kuongorora kuti pakupedzisira kujekesa kupondwa mhuri youmambo.

Huru basa iri nyaya yaiitwa zvakachengetedzwa maviri yemisoro uye maguta akanga chikamu maviri nemishumo pagore. protocols kunge akadzidza, tsamba, neteregiramu, wamambo mhuri mapikicha uye diaries. Mukuwedzera, achitsigirwa kuBazi Affairs Foreign kuita tsvakurudzo zvakanga zvakachengetedzwa oruzhinji kunyika Western Europe uye United States.

Nokurasa kuongorora kwaisanganisira mukuru muchuchisi kwemhosva Solovyov. Kazhinji, iye akasimbisa zvose zvinhu Sokolov. shoko rake Patriarch seizvi Alexy II rinoti "kana hazviiti ezvinhu panguva yakanga zvachose zvitunha."

Mukuwedzera, mhedzisiro kuguma XX - pakutanga XXI remakore, zvachose kuramba nzira shanduro zviitiko, izvo dzichakurukurwa pashure.
The canonization dzemhuri youmambo yakaitwa muna 1981, Chechi yeOrthodox Kunze, uye muna Russia - muna 2000.

Interesting mashoko uye nedzidziso

Sezvo Bolsheviks vakaedza patsanura utsotsi, norunyerekupe yakabatsira kuti paumbwe dzimwe shanduro.

Saka, mumwe wavo akanga ari mutsika umhondi wakakodzera zhidomasonov kumukira. Mumwe dzendege kuzobatsira vanamukoti kuti akanga aona "Kabbalistic zviratidzo" pamusoro pamasvingo dura. Patinenge nayo akava mavanga mabara bayonets.

Maererano Diterichs pfungwa, rakachengetedzwa akagura uye akachengetedzwa doro mambo musoro. Found zvisaririra akarambazve uye kupenga pfungwa iyi.

Runyerekupe, akasundira Bolsheviks, uye uchapupu hwenhema "ziso-zvapupu" chamuita kuti akatevedzana shanduro vakapukunyuka varume. Asi youmambo mhuri mapikicha mumazuva okupedzisira oupenyu haana kusimbisa kwavari. Also kuwanikwa uye akazivisa mapfupa kuramba shanduro idzi.

Chete pashure zvose chokwadi chemamiriro mhosva, kuRussia paiva canonization dzemhuri youmambo vanga nekusimba. Ndokusaka zvakanzi akatakurwa makore 19 gare gare pane kumwe.

Saka, munyaya ino isu pakuziva ezvinhu kuferefeta uye mumwe yakaipisisa utsinye munhoroondo yomuzana remakore Russia.