Kurwadziwa Hurongwa - a basa-basa mugadziriro ... Feature

The basa Hurongwa - kwegadziriro kurima womunda muRussia muna yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19 - pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, uwandu nebasa vanhuwo zvavo kuti nyika rendi, .. Loans mari kana chingwa, nokuti nematanda, zororo, etc. Varieties pakati zvokukura gadziriro vakanga sharecropping uye sharecropping. Shoko rokuti "mugodhi" iri Dictionary - basa vanhuwo zvavo panyika vomuridzi womunda semubhadharo nyika ikaunga mushure abolition pakati serfdom.

nyika tenancy

Sharecropping - rudzi panyika risi apo rendi inobhadharwa kumuridzi mugove chirimwa. It inozivikanwa kunyanya pre-capitalist uye underdeveloped capitalist siyana vanoparadza vaburitsi duku. The kwaita capitalism ezvinhu inzira kuchinja kubva feudal kwadzinoita munyika rendi kusvika capitalist. Sharecropping achiri hunoramba dzimwe nyika somunhu kakasaririra kuti feudalism (the United States, Italy, South-West France, Spain). Munyika dzakawanda kumabvazuva ine aitungamirira chinzvimbo sezvo rudzi risi.

sharecropping

Sharecropping - rudzi sharecropping, apo rendi nyika akaronga muridzi, iri hafu ndeyezvokwadi. nzira iyi kurima zvakanga zvakajairika chaizvo, kunyanya matema ivhu mudunhu kumaodzanyemba kweRussia.

Zvokukura Zvinoitwa hurongwa

Mhando zvokukura gadziriro vari chaizvo siyana. Paiva vanonzi podesyatinnye zvakaoma izdelny mubayiro, kubudiswa pamakumbo (imwe yechando uye rimwe Chegumi chegumi kwezhizha) - iyi vanhuwo zvavo kambani mari kuti ironge nyika varidzi 'pachavo zvokushandisa zvavo. Dzimwe nguva vanhuwo zvavo akatora chingwa kana kukwereta mari, pledging kushanda pamwe ayo kufarira mari. Izvi mhando inomirira maitiro chepfungwa: pabasa-basa mugadziriro - Semi-feudal muchimiro kurima, akapfeka mhindu, muusungwa mubayiro.

Dzimwe nguva kuvanhuwo zvavo akashanda "kuti zvakanaka" (kutora basa kuzozadzisa mutongo chairayirwa mutemo nokuda zvakanaka), chete kushanda "nokukudzwa" - nokuti zvokudya, anenge chinhu, kuti arege kurasikirwa mumwe mukana yokuwana kubva landlords. Pakupedzisira, kwakapararira vaishanda kubva muchimiro sharecropping.

Chii basa-basa hurongwa munhau?

Miviri post-zvinhu emakore, muridzi upfumi, pakava yezwi capitalist siyana munyika varidzi nokuda feudal. Zvino kutsiva akare basa-basa mugadziriro - ichi ndiwo wakanga kuti akapoteredza varimi vakatanga kuva kunyika iyo muridzi wacho pachavo zvokushandisa zvavo uye rikatora.

Musiyano pamwe serfdom aiva pano kuti murimi yava kupinda mune contractual noukama muridzi, uye atova munhu akasununguka. Takatanga kuita kumusika mitemo zvitengeswa uye kudiwa. Zvisinei, basa-basa inofonanira zvainovhiringidzawo ayo. Sezvo muridzi chokwadi anotambura, chinowanzoonekwa anosarudza chero mashoko kune vanhuwo zvavo, izvo akapa gadziriro itsva muusungwa. The basa Hurongwa - migumisiro landlessness pakati vanhuwo zvavo kunze mushure 1861 kuchinja, uyewo kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu yagara Estates.

Mubayiro apo castings

Data yatorwa zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoratidza kuti waakaita uye Makuriro mubayiro mubayiro nguva dzose dzakaderera kana zvichienzaniswa capitalist "akasununguka" vakabhadhara. Natural rendi yakatanga zvikuru zvakasimba muna varombo mumapoka murimi mudiki uye anomanikidzwa vanoripira murimi mudiki asingakwanisi kukunda Kushandurwa yawo vashandi purazi.

Varimi dzakapfuma vanowanzotevedzera kutora nyika nokuda mari. The mushandirwi anotsvaka kuti mari nokuda rendi, nokudaro kuderedza mari munyika mutengo. Paavhareji vachibhadharisa pakuchinja kubudiswa vanhuwo zvavo pamwe yavo zvokurimisa chegumi chezviyo rakanga 6 rubles. (Data kubva 1883-1891 gg. In nhema pasi bhandi). Free basa rakanga kuongororwa sezvo 6 rubles. 19 kopecks. chete kuti basa netsoka, pasina kufungisisa bhiza basa (kubhadharwa yoga zvinenge 4 rubles. 50 kopecks.).

Kuwanda zvokukura gadziriro

Land varidzi vakauya zvichivabatsira kurenda "akacheka-chose 'kubva murimi mudiki Holdings. Saka, nechepakati dema-pasi bhandi, apo zvikamu chakaita kuti chinokosha mugove wenyika, basa-basa kwava akakurumbira zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, purazi munzvimbo iyi yaiva yakazara zvokurimwa, tichitarisa mikana hove shoma.

Mugore maindasitiri mapurovhinzi Black Earth Region uye kumaodzanyemba kweRussia mumakumi emakore maviri okutanga mushure kuchinja zvinhu yezwi munhu capitalist zvoupfumi, akashandisa vakaripira basa uye nani zvokurima nzira. Muenzaniso uyu mhando basa iri kurima A. N. Engelgardta akarondedzera "Tsamba kubva mumusha".

Pasi riri tafura chokuita 80s remakore rechi19 (date Anienskogo NF), sezvamakaropafadzwa nhamba kunooneka zvokukura uye capitalist siyana kurima.

Kubva tafura zvinganzi vakagumisa kuti pamakore 80 remakore rechi19 kuRussia yose capitalist hurongwa kurima zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa pane zvokukura. Kushanda kubva wokutanga mhando (kana vanhuwo zvavo vakaita basa pachavo zvokushandisa dzavo) vakanga yatsiviwa castings rechipiri mhando (murimi murombo vaigona kushandisa muridzi womunda Inventory). Evolution of kurima riri chaiyo iri kuchinja kutanga nokushanda kure rechipiri mhando, zvadaro kushandiswa capitalist nemubairo. In matambudziko makore nyaya "wokudzokera shure," uye zvadaro unotanga zvakare kubudirira. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika simba rayo, nekuti basa-basa mugadziriro - uyo akaramba kuripo kusvikira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20.

Payakaipira Makuriro maitiro

Nzira iyi kurima ingavapo kana muridzi yakanga nani kuhaya ive varanda murimi mudiki pane ndokuendeswa mushandi. Zvakanga kunonoka zvekushandisa mberi, kubva apo uchishandisa shure nzira dzokurima chakaitika ndichengetedze yakaderera kurima. Zvakaguma yakaderera zvibereko, t. To. The goho pamapurazi zviri landlords kushandisa Makuriro maitiro akanga kudzika kunyange kupfuura murimi mudiki minda.

Mining zvakatungamirira kuparadzwa uye impoverishment kuti vanhuwo zvavo, kunyanya kirasi pakati, iyo yave kwazvo kubatanidzwa ichi zvoupfumi. Hazvishamisi, nzira iyi kurimwa ne nguva yakarasikirwa zvarinoreva, achipa nzira kupfuura ano, capitalist siyana.