Sei France - Fifth Republic: nhoroondo zita

Nyaya haisi itsva, kana imwe nyika akafanana nomunhu, asi zita, pamutemo rokuremekedza, ane zvakasiyana, zvisina kurongwa. Regai zita Canada - "The kunyika mumeporo shizha" - zvinogona kutsanangurwa maererano peculiarities ari Kuronga Deciduous mumasango ari North dzeAmerica, asi vamwe mienzaniso havasi pachena kudaro. Somuenzaniso, nei France - Fifth Republic, kana, muti, China, vagari vayo vanozviti China? Roots - munhau.

Mienzaniso iri nyaya

Heano dzepedyo muenzaniso. Pakutanga Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga pashure Kristu Rome yekare Taigamuchira uye nhare nevaKristu vepakutanga. Zvadaro yakapamba nemapoka vaGiriki, ndakarasikirwa kuti chinzvimbo, uye ndibatsireiwo guta guru nyika yechiKristu akava Constantinople. Uye XV remakore, ichi "guta maguta", kana Second Rome, akawa uye akava nhengo hweOttoman Empire uye kutsigira ane kirisendi pachinzvimbo muchinjikwa.

Uye panguva ino tine baba John IV, akadana zvizvarwa "vanotyisa", Vasily III, zvakaipa aida chimwezve chinhu kubatanidza nyika uye vanhu - Russia pashure pokuwa Mongol-wechiTatar joko yakashandurwa kubva chaiyo feudal autocratic mamiriro munyika ine simba. Kushandisa izvi (zvakanzi yakasainwa nokuda Union, kubatanidza Eastern uye Western mumachechi echiKristu), Vasily III akaisa pamusoro wenyaya guru Third Rome.

Tinoedza kupindura mubvunzo nei France inonzi Fifth Republic. Nhoroondo yacho iri rakada chokuita neshoko "zvokuvhoterwa", uye zviitiko muFrance zvikuru akasarudza nzira zviitiko pamusoro kondinendi European.

Chaizvoizvo, mhinduro yomubvunzo nei France inonzi Fifth Republic iri nyore - nyika yakanga mashanu reMitemo. Zvino saka zvakaitika kuti nezuva nhamba huru gwaro munyika magazini akaita "akaverenga" uye zvokuvhoterwa.

First French Republic

Pakutanga Republican nhoroondo France anogona zvechokwadi kunzi French Revolution, akaratidza kubatwa zviri kwazvo vagari ikure nyika uye chiratidzo simba roumambo, yakakurumbira Bastille muna 1789. Paakabvunzwa nei France - Fifth Republic nhasi, aiva vachingotya chimurenga uye hondo yevagari, vakawanda kare ndivo vanenge Marx.

Hupere vakauya ngozi mukaha mumarudzi zvipenyu mitemo uye kodzero dzevanhu ari madenderedzwa kutonga uye vanhuwo zvavo. Chimwe chikonzero chaiva pamberi munyika yacho kukura pakati mukirasi, yakanga chinhu kurasikirwa, uye akanga achida kumiririra kodzero dzavo uye norusununguko.

Uyezve, sezvo tichiziva, zvakateverwa kusungwa uye kudzoka zvinonyadzisa kuti Paris, akaedza kutiza Mambo Louis XVI, aurayiwe mhuri yose youmambo uye kuziviswa of Zimbabwe - wokutanga French Republic.

Kubva Robespierre kune post-Napoleonic kudzorerwa

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Republic First dzakapfuura refu - kusvikira 1804, apo France haana kuva umambo rinotungamirirwa Napoleon.

Events ipapo akadurura sezvinoita hwamanda amaguta ;

• kupambwa nesimba Bonaparte;
• paumbwe rechiFrench Empire ;
• kukundwa wehondo pamusoro expanses yeRussia ainzi kukuru;
• dzinotevedzana anotevedzana restorations kwesimba roumambo uye nokumukirana itsva.

Sei France, Fifth Republic, sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi, munhau yacho ruzivo nokumukirana zhinji saka uye unodzokera poumambo? Pamwe nokuti, uye makuru, nyika yokutanga munyika kuti kuchinja kubva mhedziso simba mumwe murume zvikuru mberi siyana hurumende.

Uye kubvira 1848 kusvika 1852 kwaiva Second Republic pamwe yayo shanduro bumbiro, kuguma iye akaisa rimwe kudzorerwa. Pachigaro choushe akagara ari wedzinza Bourbons, uye France kamwe zvakare akava umambo.

Pokugadzwa uye kuparara Third Republic kupomera Germany

Nhoroondo Third Republic kunotora pakaparadzwa rokupedzisira mambo French muna 1870 asati basa kuFrance muna 1940 nemauto aHitler. MARARAMIRO kushandura yepamutemo maitiro akanga mureza - simba voga kubva mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo munyika.

Mazuva rokutonga rokupedzisira mambo France vakaverengwa mushure runonyadzisa kuguma Franco-German Hondo 1870, apo Napoleon III akakwanisa yokuupa Prussian vehondo, pamwe nehondo yake yose. Pangosvika rikasvika kuna Paris, potse tavapo kwakasarudzwa kuti ubvise umambo uye kugadzwa Third Republic.

Saka, pamwe umambo muFrance yakanga pamusoro, asi ipapo zvose zvakafanana sei France - 5th Republic, uye kwete rechitatu?

The post-hondo yenyika kuitira

Panoperera Yechipiri World War muna 1946, nyika, kufanana nevamwe vakawanda, vari kushingaira mubasa pezviri kuvakwa. Zviri pachena kuti nyika yachinja chaizvo. Canons kuti vanhu vakararama kare, havana matambudziko uye zvinodiwa modernity.

Muna 1946, France akabata referendum, zvakazoita rehurumende yaita reparamende. Ndokusaka France Fifth Republic yasara mamiriro umo wehurumende ane uremu rakafanana kukosha purezidhendi.

"Akurudzirwa" ne hweruzhinji

French Rechina Republic vakabudirira kusvikira 1958, apo paiva chiitiko chakaratidza kuti zvakanyanyisa worupo simba zvakanaka kuti nguva yokuva.

Chii chakaitika? Zvinofanira akati kuti France, democratic mukati Zvisinei, akaramba sezvo zvakawanda yaitonga simba kusvikira 1980. Muna 1958, gore rimwe chete mune imwe yacho nyuchi - Algeria - kupanduka rakamuka. The Chiitiko zvarwo, vanhuwo, asi nemigumisiro akanga neryadovoe - mauto akatuma kukurira kwazvakarerekera, akaramba kuteerera hurumende uye nekusiyana, regai edza kuisa zvinhu uye zvinodiwa simba.

Muvambi bumbiro idzva aiva murume akakwanisa vanomisa chikuru dambudziko munyika uye kudzorera hurongwa munyika - yaanofarira vakawanda political French hofori Sharl De Goll. Ndokusaka France - Fifth Republic. Zvakakurukurwa bumbiro idzva - achisimbisa basa purezidhendi pamwe nokuponesa yairwirwa mashoko Paramende Kuisa inokosha democratic norusununguko.