Kugadzirira kwemazai e mbatanidzwa yekudyara. Kugadzirirwa kweikirasi yebatatari yekudyara. Kugadzirira mbatatisi yekudyara muchechera: nguva yekuenda kumera?

Iko kukohwa kwakanaka kunogona kuwanikwa mukutongerwa chete kana zvakakodzera kusarudzwa kwe tubers zvave zvichiitwa uye kugadzirirwa kwembatatisi yekudyara mukati megore kwaitwa. Nguva yekubudisa mbeu tuber kubva pavhavharo, inobva pane nzira yakasarudzwa yekugadzirira kwavo uye nguva yekudyara. Kudyara zvinhu zvinofanira kunyatsogadziriswa. Iyi ndiyo mitemo yakawanda yekurima chero mbeu. Nguva yekugadzirira basa ne tubers umwe neumwe murimi anosarudza iye pachake. Nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti kusarudza uye kugadziriswa kwemazambatendi kunofanira kuitwa mumatambo kana kupera (panguva yekukohwa). Imiti chete ine utano hwakanaka hunokodzera kushandiswa. Gwenzi rinofanira kuva risina zvipembenene, uye midzi yayo - ine zvakawanda zvemashu.

Kugadzirirwa kwemazai emazamu okudyara: kusarudzwa kwe tubers nechechi yegore

Chokutanga, unofanira kusarudza zvakasara. Iyo yakakurudzirwa yakawanda yemapatata yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa yakasiyana-siyana kubva pa30 kusvika ku100 magamu. Nyanzvi dzinobva dzaisa pakarepo tubers dzinotarisa dzisina kunaka kana kuti dzine maitiro asina kukodzera. Kana kusarudzwa kunoitwa zvakasununguka, zvakakosha kubhadhara kune zviitiko zvinotevera zvemashoko anoita kuti zvive zvisina kukodzera kudyara:

- chikamu chevhu chechirimwa chakanga chakanganiswa nematode;
- kunhuhwidza kusingafadzi uye kusinganzwisisiki kunobva kune tuber;
- Bhuku racho rakagadziriswa neganda.

Inofanira kuonekwa kuti mbatatisi, yakakonzerwa nezvinhu zvakakosha, asi isingatambudziri nezvirwere, yakanyatsokodzera kudyara. Mitsara inowanzobatwa nechinangwa chefungicide. Somugumisiro wezvinhu zvakanakisa zvekudyara zvinofanira kunge zvingasvika 85%.

Kuparadzaniswa kwezvipembenene

Mushure mokunge kusarudzwa kwekutanga kwekusima kwezvinhu kuchiitwa, zvinokosha kuti uisarudzire mumapoka akawanda. Kutanga, tsvaga uye pinda mikuru miviri yakasiyana-siyana (inorema inopfuura 80 gramu). Boka rechipiri rinoumbwa kubva kumazamu akakura-kati (kuyeza kubva pamakumi mashanu kusvika ku80 gramu). Somugumisiro, chete chinhu chiduku chekudyara, chinosanganisira mbatata maduku 30-50 gramu, inofanira kugara.

Unoda kuronga

Nokudengenyeka, boka rega rega rakarongwa tubers rinowanzoshandiswa. Nekukohwa mugore raitevera unogona kushandisa chikamu chiduku chemazambique. Vane ruzivo rwevarimi havasi kukurudzira kusanganisa kusati kwasarudzwa tubers. Chikonzero chacho ndechekuti mabwenzi achakura zvisina kufanira, uye mbeu dzakasimba uye dzine simba dzichadzivisa vavakidzani.

Kuparadzaniswa kwebhuruu kunofanira kuitwa kuitira kuti usapinda matambudziko nekunyatsotevera kwekudyara. Kushandisa nzira iyi kunoparadza kusina kufanana. Zvirimwa zvichave nekukura kwakadaro uye zvichakura nenzira imwechete.

Greening tubers

Mushure mokunge mbeu yekudyara yave yakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu makuru, kugadzirira kwemazai eitatari okudyara kunogona kutanga. Kudyara zvakakwanira tu tubers nemashizha, saka unoda kushandisa mari yavo yekurima. Mbatata inogadzirirwa muimba yechitonho neine mhepo yakagadziridza moto. Iyo yakarongedzerwa kutengesa kwemhepo haifaniri kunge iri pasi pe10 degrees Celsius. Asi panguva imwe chete, iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chokuti thermometer hairatidzi maonero ari pamusoro pe12 degrees. Imba yekugadzirisa nyika inofanira kunge yakanyatsokonzerwa nemhepo kana kuputika.

Mamiriro makuru ekubudirira kwekugadzira nzvimbo ndeyekuwanika kwechiedza chakakwana. Chete kuburikidza nekucherechedza mutemo uyu, unokwanisa kuwana ruvara rwakakosha rwekudyara kwekutakura. Muchiedza, mbatatendi inoshandura ruvara. Kuti apedze basa racho inofanira kupfuura mazuva makumi matatu. Kuchinja tuber haisisiri kukodzera kudya, asi kwakakodzerwa nekudyara. Kudyara zvinhu zvinoda nguva nenguva kuongororwa. Zvakakosha kuchinja iyo tubers nguva dzose, kuitira kuti mbatatisi ive yunifomu yemavara.

Kusarudza tangi yekugadzira nzvimbo

Sezvo zvigadziri zvekuchengetedza zvinogona kushandiswa zvizere zvepurasitiki yakajeka. Vazhinji vemirimi vakashandura kudyara tubers mumabhokisi kubva pasi pekeke kana muzvikwama zvepolylene. Maererano nekucherechedza kwevanyori, izvi zvinoderedza nguva yekugadzira zvakasara. Inokurudzirwa kuita zviduku zviduku zviduku mumapuranga e polyethylene, zizai mahwindo ehurukuro ne tubers nechetatu chetatu uye musunge magumo ehomwe. Ipapo iwe unoda kubvisa pakiti mukati uye woiisa muimba inotonhorera. Zvakakoshawo kuvimbisa kuti chiedza chakanaka chiripo.

Kugadzirirwa kwembeu yebatatari yekudyara kuburikidza nekurima kune dzimwe nguva kunonzi vernalization muchiedza. Asi kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akawanikwa uye zvido zveunhu wehutongi.

Kukurudzira nguva yekumera

Iyo nzira inoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo murimi wekurimara ari kunonoka nekugadzirisa nguva yekudyara. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kugadzirira mbatatisi yekudyara mucheche uye kumera kunogona kukurumidza kuwedzera. Kuti uite izvi, unofanira kutanga wagadzirira mushonga unokosha unosanganisira musanganiswa wemadota, kutsvaga zvinhu uye mhangura sulfate (kana zvimwe zvinokurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa). Zvakakosha kuchengeta kuenzana nekusanganisa zvigadzirwa. Rimwe remvura rinoda chikamu chepasipuni yemhangura sulfate, uye microelements inowedzerwa zvishoma - pamucheto weti. Iyo yakawanda yemadota muhutano hwemhando imwe neimwe inotaridzirwa zvakasununguka.

Mhinduro yakagadzirirwa inoputirwa nemapatati imwe neimwe zuva. Inobvumirwa kuderedza nhamba yemitemo uye kunwisa mvura yekudyara kamwe chete mazuva matatu. Vamwe varimi vanodiridza zvachose tubers mukombani. Iyi ndiyo yakanaka yekuchengetedza zvirwere, kunyanya fungus. Zvakakosha kuti tisapfuuridza, nyanzvi hazvikurudzi kuchengetedza mbatatisi mukugadzirisa kwemaminitsi maviri.

Kuchema kwe tubers nenzira inoratidza

Kugadzirira mbatatari yekudyara mucheka nenzira iyi inoitwa mumatambudziko iwayo apo pasina mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa ekugomera kwekusima zvinhu, uye nguva inoshandiswa inosarawo. Inokurudzirwa kuparisa tubers pamhepo yekutengesa kwema 14 kusvika ku16 degrees. Iyo mbatatisi yakaiswa mucheka mutsvuku pane imwe nzvimbo yakadzika yepamusoro uye yakasara kwemazuva gumi. Imba yacho inofanira kunge yakaoma.

Zvinonzwisisika ndezvokuti kana kugadzirirwa kweikirasi yebatatari yekudyara kushandiswa, hazvidikanwi kugovera kuwana mukamuri. Nzira yacho iri nyore kwazvo kushandisa, uye mhinduro inoguma yakakwirira chaizvo. Inogona kushandiswa mumatambudziko asina kusimba ekutanga kwegore, sezvo ivhu rinodyara richave rakagadzirwa pakati pemusi waEpril.

Wet method

Apo mbatata tubers yakagadzirirwa kudyara uchishandisa nzira ine unyoro, mbatatisi haibereri muchiedza, asi mumvura inonaya. Sezvo chikonzero che substrate, mvura yakakoshwa yakawanda kana jecha inowanzoshandiswa (varimi mumucheto wokuchamhembe vanotora ichi peat inowanikwa). Nhamba yekumera inowedzera zvakanyanya: mazuva gumi nemashanu akakwana kugadzirira kubzala. Tuber inogona kuvimbiswa kwete mberi kweApril.

Maererano nevamwe varimi, kushandisa nzira iyi yekugadzira tuber kuchengetedza mishonga yakawanda uye inokwanisa kubudisa mararamiro akawanda anopa utano. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusaderera kwemazambatisi akadaro kune zvirwere uye zvirwere.

Kuchenesa kwekudyara zvinhu

Kugadzirira mbeu yematekate vasati vadyara nekupisa kwe tubers ndiyo nzira inokurumidza kukura. Inoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mbatata haina kumera nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi, uye hapana nguva yekushandisa dzimwe nzira. Zvinhu zvokudyara zvinowanikwa muimba nepamusoro wekupisa kwemhepo. Maitiro anogona kusvika 35-40 degrees of heat. Nenzira iyi, inotanga kuonekwa uye itsvo dzinomutswa zvakasimba. Iyo tubers yakagadzirira kudyara mushure memazuva mana.

Kushandisa mhinduro

Kusimwa kwe tubers kunogona kukurumidza kupfurikidza nekupfira mbeu yekudyara nemishonga inokurudzira kukura kwavo. Nzira dzinokurudzirwa kuti dzirege kuitwa kakawanda kupfuura kamwechete mumazuva mashanu kusvika ku6. Zvakakosha kushandisa shanduko dzakasiyana-siyana, dzimwe dzadzo dzinongororwa munhanho inotevera:

1) Nitrofosca . Yakakurudzirwa mujeri: imwe teaspoon pamataundi matatu emvura.
2) Fertilizer "Effeton". Imwe spoonful yemvura yakasanganiswa inowanikwa mumatare matatu emvura.
3) Urea . Kune chirongo chemamita matatu chemvura, imwe kapu kadiki yakakwana.
Paunenge uchishandisa matanho, zvinokosha kuti usapfuudza kuiswa kwezvinhu mumvura uye ona nguva yekushandura mbeu.

Kurongeka kwezviputi muzvikamu

Kuchengetedza kubzala zvinhu, uyewo apo paunenge uchitanga zvitsva zvakasiyana, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuderedza ma tubers mulobes. Kugadzirira kwakadaro mbeu dzembatari yekudyara (kucheka) kunoda kutevedza mitemo yakawanda yakawanda:

- Cheka chete yakamera tubers. Zvinyorwa zvekudyara zvakachengetwa kwemazuva anenge matatu (kusvikira ganda rinodzivirira richiumbwa).
- Chiremera chelobhu imwe neimwe inofanira kunge inenge magiramu 25.
- Pamusoro peganda relabe, panofanira kunge pane zvinomera zviviri.
- Chengetedza mathesi akachekwa muimba inopisa mumhepo yekushisa yemhepo ye18 kusvika ku25 degrees nemumvuri kubva 94% kusvika 96%.
- Mbatatari inofanira kuve yakarongedzwa nehuwandu hwechiedza.
- Kucheka kunoitwa nemasipiresi esimbi. Mushure mokunge imwe neimwe yakatemwa, bhanhire iri risina kuvharwa mukati me 0.1% solution ye manganese kana kuti 0.5% solution ye salicylic acid.

Kudzivirira zvirwere

Apo kugadzirirwa kwemazambatane kudyara pasi pefirimu uye pasina iyo yakaitwa, zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadziriswa zvinoshandiswa kuchengetedza mbeu yekudyara panguva yekumera. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pevarimi vanga iri kurapa mbatatisi ne diluted potassium permanganate kana mhangura sulfate. Iyi nzira inodzivirira hutachiona hwe tubers nekuguma kwechiedza. Nehutriol yemhangura, musanganiswa unogamuchirwa hausi wepasipuni imwe chete pamataundi matatu emvura. Manganese inoberekwa mumvura kusvikira imwe yeruvara rwepepuru yakawanikwa. Iyo mbatata inoderedzwa kwemaminitsi mashomanana muhutano, uye yakaiswa kunze uye inobvumira kuoma.

Vakarambana vitriol yemhangura kana manganese inokurudzirwa kuti ishandise kupera mapiritsi uye majaya. Izvi zvinowedzera kukura kwechimiro kune avo vanokonzera chirwere chezvirwere zvikuru uye zvinonyatsodzora zvisikwa.

Kugadzirira mbatatari yekudyara muchitsime: nguva yekusimuka

Kushambidza uye kukura iyo tubers inobviswa muvhaririro inenge mazuva 30-35 isati yatanga.

Varimi veminda muitiro vaive nechokwadi chokuti kugadzirirwa kwezvirimwa zvemazamu kudyara uye maitiro asingadhuri ekugadzira tubers zvinogona kuita kuti zvive nezvibereko zvakanyanya. Aya maitiro haafaniri basa rakawanda uye nguva, asi ane kukosha kwakadai semafuteri, kusarudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kana kushandiswa kwezvidziviriro zvinorwisa zvirwere uye zvirwere zvekusimba.

Kuchengetedza kwenyika

Kugadzirira nyika yekudyara mbatatisi zvakakosha zvikuru. Kubika zviri nani mukutenga. Kugadziriswa kwenyika yekudyara mbatatisi kunoitwa nenzira inotevera: nyika inodonwa nemasora, inoiswa pa 1 sq. Km. M bucket yemuvhuti kana kutora furu, 15 g ye potassium munyu, 30 g ye superphosphate. Mushure mezvo, inobviswa mukati me bayonet, uye mazamu haasati aputsika. Izvi zvinoderedza nhamba yezvipembenene zvakabudirira zvakanyanyiswa pasi.