The parameters of "Iron Lady", kana chii kukwirira Eiffel Tower muna steeple

The Eiffel Tower, iyo inonziwo Tour of Eiffel, mumwe kupfuura kucherechedzwa zvivako Paris uye vazhinji vakashanyira nzvimbo kukwezvwa. Story building, ainzi pashure musiki ayo Alexander Gustave Eiffel, Zvinofadza nezvikonzero zvakawanda, kusanganisira chokwadi chokuti yepakutanga mamiriro haana kuonekwa sezvo zvachose chezvinonhuwira mavakirwo guta. Zvino "Iron Lady" serenely pamire ari Champ de Mars, riri kumaodzanyemba kumahombekombe Seine rwizi, uye hapana Kusawirirana runako rwayo. VokuParis vade "yakashongedzwa mudzimai" uye tenda kuti Eiffel Tower - kadhi kweFrance, asi hazvina nguva dzose.

makwikwi

Muna 1889 kuParis, waiitwa International Exhibition pamusoro zvokugadzira zvinhu mberi, kuna centennial rechiFrench Revolution. Uise Kuratidzwa akanga asarudza ritenderane Martius. Mumakore matatu asati pashoo kuronga komiti akazivisa makwikwi yakanakisisa yokuvaka, izvo zvinogona kuona musoro kuratidza. It akapiwa 700 chikumbira, uye vamwe vari chaizvo noshamisa. Sezvo pashoo yakaitwa kuti zvichengete Centenary vechimurenga, mumwe richaitirwa mazano ari hofori kopi guillotine. Imwe chirongwa - munhu akakura chivako pamwe mokugezera muchimiro mokugezera kuti kubvumira kuzoposhera mvura jets uye kudiridza pedyo Paris pakuparwa kwemvura. Zvichida noshamisa yaiva pfungwa kuti pave 300-mita-soro yechiedza yakagadzirwa girenayiti nechiedza pamusoro, iyo yaizova chakajeka kwazvo zvokuti vokuParis aigona kuverenga pepanhau usiku. Sezvineiwo, zvirongwa zvose izvi vasagamuchirwe uye zana yakanakisisa vaitaura kwezvisikwa Gustave Eiffel yaiva vachibvumirana ainzi Kumukundi.

Chirongwa achaita sei zvinobva?

Sezvineiwo, yakakurumbira injiniya uye bhiriji muvaki haana kuenda mubasa makwikwi, uye kutanga nekubatwa neshongwe zvakasikwa shure muna 1884 maererano vaitungamirira murongedzeri zvakasimba ake Maurice Keshlenom. Apo Eiffel akapa yokunyora nokudhirowa, chinhu ake ichifarirwa okugadzira mhinduro. Basa racho kunyorwa kwenyaya nenzira mugadziri Emile Vaza uye vakabvuma kuti nemakwikwi. Zvatakurukura siyana kusarudza, Komisheni akasimbisa basa zvakagadzirwa yakasimba Eiffel. Panguva iyoyo, anokudzwa injiniya akaita rwokupedzisira kuchinja dzemaitirwe umhare neshongwe. Zvakatanga zvikuru uye nguva muitiro rokuvaka. In kuonga mabasa Gyustav Eyfel akarayira kuti akanyorwa mazita 72 makuru ezvivako, mainjiniya, masayendisiti uye vanoyamura uyo aimbotaurawo pakusikwa ake rounyanzvi simbi. mazita avo vachiri vashongedze shongwe ine mativi mana.

kutanga Wongororo

Kubva 1887 kusvika 1889 iye rakavakwa Eiffel Tower muParis. Elevation steeple panguva iyoyo aiva 300,65 m. Yose mamiriro yairema zviuru zvinomwe inzwi sehofisi pamukova chematenga of International Exhibition kuParis, makore makumi maviri yapera kuvakwa kuti namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara. Huro shongwe akatora chikamu Muchinda Wales, gare gare Mambo England, Edward VII. Ake mambo, sezvinoita murume dzakafara maonero uye kukuchidzira kuti chiNazi impressionism, akafara zvivako. "Iron Lady" akanga acho ose akabudirira nevashanyi nekuti mitanhatu Akanga kuyemura maviri miriyoni vanhu. Zvisinei, magadzirirwo ichi itsva mvumo kubva simbi akasangana vashoma. Trehsotmetrovoy kureba Eiffel Tower muna steeple uye mashoko kubva iyo yakaitwa, akagarisa kutsamwa vokuParis zhinji. A chikumbiro kuna matunhu neminisiparati masimba nokutsamwa pamusoro pavakwe monstrous chinhu, achikanganisa chiso guta, akasaina vagari mazana matatu uye kuremekedzwa kweFrance. Pakati pavo paiva: GI De Mopassan, Emile Zola, Charles Fransua Guno (muvambi Genre rechiFrench lyric dhanzi) uye Dumas muduku.

Chii kukwirira Eiffel Tower muna steeple?

Tower ine zvese zvitatu, vakanga vakapakata kuona platforms. Rokutanga riri 57 metres pamusoro pevhu, wechipiri - 115, uye wechitatu - 274 metres. Kuyemura hunoshamisa maonero Paris nemakapoteredza kubva bird's-ziso maonero, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti akunde 1710 nhanho. Pashure pezvose, kureba Eiffel Tower muna steeple akanga 300 metres, uye panguva yechipiri chechetere erevheta akanonoka. Zvisinei, zvinetso izvi hazvina kumisa kushanyira imwe ouinjiniya chinoshamisa. Popularity shongwe kwakamanikidza hurumende guta kurega dismantling zvayo. Sezvo okuguma "Iron Lady" akaramba chirefu kupfuura mamiriro murume-yakaitwa munyika kwemakore 41. "Chrysler Building" yakavakwa muna 1930 yaisundira kusvika 1957. Panguva ino neshongwe yakanga vasiyana kanyanga, uye magadzirirwo akanga zvakare pamusorosoro skyscraper. Pari, kureba Eiffel Tower muna steeple yatovapo 324 metres. kuchinja kwakadaro parameters kwakaitika pashure installation pamusoro wayo muna 2010, kanyanga itsva. Creation Eiffel yechipiri chirefu kupfuura muFrance pashure zambuko "Millau Viaduct", azivikanwa zvepamusoro zambuko munyika.

chokwadi sero

The Eiffel Tower kazhinji vave scams siyana, asi akava zvikuru enterprising fraudster Victor Lustig: akakwanisa nekaviri muna 1925 kuti kutengesa chivakwa. Uyu murume noungwaru ndokugadzira zvinyorwa hurumende iri kuparadzwa kwezvivako sezvo chakasakara, uye vachitengesa kuti chinyorwa. Ari kushevedza amene mutevedzeri mukuru Bazi Post uye Telegraph, vakatumira mapepa norudo kune Entrepreneurs paaivatambudza chinyorwa simbi. Trehsotmetrovoy kureba Eiffel Tower muna steeple waiva kukwezva, saka mukana uwane nayo vanofarira vakawanda. Kusarudza yakawira Andre Poisson, uyo aida chaizvo kuwana neshongwe, izvo kunyange akapa anokorovhera pfumbamuromo kuti kurasa vorongerwa. Kana usina kufukidzwa muzvinabhizimisi akaziva kuti akanga anyengerwa, anokorovhera ane sutukezi yakazara mari akatoratidza akakwanisa kutiza. Poisson akanga nyara kuenda kumapurisa. Akurudzirwa kubudirira fraudster akaedza kushandisa chete vanonyengedza pamwedzi. Asi kana kunyengedzwa mutengi amboudza aronga uye nezvokudzokera mapurisa, Victor akatizira US, apo pakupedzisira kubatwa vamwe zvakaipa uye kuuya kuzotongwa.

basa

Panguva Second World War, masoja echiNazi vakaedza kuisa swastika guru pamusoro chirefu kupfuura zvivako France. Asi miscalculated, chii kukwirira Eiffel Tower, uye vakatadza kuziva simba mhepo gusts pamusoro wayo. Naizvozvo yakabvamburwa simba wokufema chiratidzo aifanira kutsiviwa neimwe, chakanga yekudyidzana madiki. Adolf Hitler akaedza kuparadza Eiffel Tower muna 1944. The mudzvanyiriri akarayira gavhuna muchiuto kweParis, Dietrich of Choltitz kuputsa shongwe uye nevamwe mapurani ounyanzvi muguta, asi General akaramba.

nhasi

Sezvinoita wokuFrance wechokwadi, "Lady Eiffel" kakawanda kushanduka ruvara rwayo. Zvino pamakore manomwe, chimiro chakanaka vakaramba matani 57 shava pendi kuti zvakanakisisa replicates zvakasikwa noruvara endarira. Kubvira 2003, "Iron Lady" akapfeka vakapfeka nguo Mabumba zviuru makumi maviri, tsika. The boka, iyo yaita izvi chiedza kushongedzwa patented nayo, saka kupfura kuti Eiffel Tower usiku chiedza inoratidza pasina chinokosha mvumo asingagoni.

curiosities

Giant runako nguva Akakwezva vaongorori, kuzviuraya kana kungoti eccentrics. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mukadzi akaedza kuzviuraya nokusvetukira kubva Eiffel pashongwe, asi akasvika pamusoro motokari, vakamira nechepasi, uye akazoroorwa muridzi motokari iyi. Muna 2007, imwe American nezita Erika Labri akanga akaroora Eiffel Tower akashandura zita rake rokupedzisira LaBrie muna Eifel. Ichi chiitiko kuziva kwaiva nyaya nhaurirano iri nhau uye network.

Ivai kuti hazvo, asi Eiffel Tower kwemakore akawanda chiratidzo chakajeka uye kushongedzwa guru French.