Kunetsana reSiriya (hondo yevagari weSiria): zvinokonzera, nhengo kanga

ReSiriya vachinetsana zvawave kweanenge makore 4. hondo iyi ndiyo imwe kunokonzera kuteurwa kweropa rakawanda muzana remakore rechi21. Vakaurayiwa muhondo muSiriya, mazana ezviuru, vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri vava vapoteri. Mukurwisana uku kwaisanganisira vakawanda munyika. Pasinei kuedza dzakawanda ayananise vose anorwisana nemapato, kurwa vachiri kuenda mberi, nekubvumirana munguva yemberi iri pedyo iri akafanoona.

MARARAMIRO kunetsana

Siriya panyika mepu anotora 87 nzvimbo fung pamusoro rapanzvimbo ndima. Pakazotanga 2011 munyika ino akararama vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 20. Vazhinji ndimo Sunni. Uyewo, vaKristu uye Alawites vari zvakanaka kumiririrwa, uye zviri simba munyika. Kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva muSiriya Kurds kurarama, vari vaMuslim.

Hurumende ndiyo Baath Party, iyo yaimbonzi hunodzorwa uye Iraq (kusvikira pakaparadzwa Saddam Hussein nemauto US). All simba vepamusoro riri zvinenge zvachose yaiumbwa Alawites. The nyika ine makore anopfuura 50 vakavhura mauto atonge, izvo yakarambidza mamwe dzokunamata takasununguka. Muna 2010, VaSiria yakafukidzwa rakakomba dambudziko. Vanhu vazhinji vakarasikirwa nemabasa avo, magariro kuchengeteka hwaderera. Panguva iyoyo munyika dzakavakidzana kare zvizere mupopoti "Arab Spring".

In mishomanana vasati okutanga kwemotokari kupikiswa akabata okutsutsumwa anoverengeka. Zvinoda pavo zvakasiyana, uye unhu vairatidzira akanga dzorugare. Asi panguva ino United States uye European Union makatanga vanoshingaira dzinotsigira enyika masimba munyika, vakanga zvinopesana hurumende Bashar al-Assad. Assad akatonga nyika kubva 2000.

Basa rinokosha pakutanga vakawanda mhirizhonga akaridza akasiyana-siyana evanhu network. Muna January, reSiriya chidimbu che "Facebook" akanga sezvariri nemafashamo pamwe kunoda Anti-hurumende mienzanisiro musi February 4. The kushorwa akadana kuti zuva "Zuva Yokutsamwa". A mutsigiri Assad akataura kuti pasocial network kutarisira nemaune rakavhara aifarira-hurumende munharaunda.

Pakutanga panova

Panoperera chando mumaguta akawanda zviuru vanhu mumigwagwa. Vakanga vasina vakabatana zvavanoda hazvitariswi kuburikidza kosi yakajeka. Asi ichi hwachinja apo vairatidzira uye mapurisa airwisana mune hondo dzinotyisa. Kwapera mazuva mashomanana ndakatanga kugamuchira mashoko nezvevakafa mapurisa. Zviitiko izvi akamanikidza Assad aite zvishomanana kuunganidza dzemauto uye pfungwa navo pedyo kupikiswa kuzara munzvimbo.

Panguva iyoyowo, rinopikisa anogona kutsvaka kutsigirwa West uye Gulf. Rinotanga paumbwe "Free reSiriya Army". In kwayo muzongoza vanosanganisira vamiririri enyika bapiro vairatidzira uye navashanduki kubva reSiriya Armed Forces. Mari kubva kunze, zvombo mapoka kupikiswa vachirwa. Muchirimo 2011 kutanga wokutanga musazonetsanazve nezvombo.

The Islamization makakatanwa

Kumwe muna April, kushorwa zvikuru Islamists zvakabatana. Kwapera nguva, ari kurwiswa kuitika. Unknown bhomba kunouraya vakuru vakuru vehondo reSiriya. Hondo uye munyika kuchengeteka mauto kutanga wandei akavhiyiwa pamusoro kupikiswa. Free reSiriya Army rinoburitsa misha makuru akawanda. Vakanga pakarepo nemutemo Assad mauto. In kusingadzorwi nzvimbo adzima magetsi uye mvura. hondo yokutanga zvakakomba kuitika muDhamasiko. hurumende veSiria anosarudza kusiya kushandiswa hondo dzose, uye enlists nokubatsira Mobile anokosha mauto. Vakakurumidza kupedza marangwanda mapoka zvombo, pashure uko zvakananga kugera. Zviito yakadaro sokubhadhara - zvakawanda nendima shure kudzora hurumende.

Panzvimbo imwe chete, uye enyika kuchinja. Bashar Asad osiyana cabinet uye kugadza mangwanani musarudzo. Kunyange zvakadaro, reSiriya makakatanwa kuramba kuwedzera. Dhamasiko zvishoma mubasa nokushorwa, iyo inoshandisa Ndege kuzviuraya kurwisa hurumende.

vatorwa kupindira

Mukupera 2011, reSiriya kurwisana kuramba kupinda pakati pfungwa Western nevezvenhau. Nyika dzakawanda dziri kutanga kupa rubatsiro paaishorwa. EU uye US vakaisa zvirango pamusoro Siriya, yekudyidzana kuderedza mari munyika kubva okutengesa mafuta. Ukuwo, Arabic umambo dzakabatwa wezvokutengeserana zvirango. Arabia, Kuwait, Turkey uye dzimwe nyika dziri kutanga dzinotsigira uye ruoko kuti Free Army. Mamiriro ezvemari iri kuderera nokukurumidza, nokuti chinokosha mugove zveminda, kuwedzera kune dzimwe kutengeserana, vakauya ushanyi zvekutepfenyura.

Mumwe wokutanga nyika kupindira pachena muAndiyoki kurwisana, ndiye Turkey. Inopa rubatsiro zvechiuto uye anotumira kupikiswa kwemakanzura. Kuuyawo kubhomba ari nzvimbo hurumende mauto Siria wokutanga. Mhinduro yakauya nokukurumidza. Assad deploys ayo munharaunda mhepo kuzvidavirira hurongwa, iyo akapfura pasi munhu Turkish murwi. Bashar pachake anozivisa kuti iye vagadzirira Nhaurirano zvose mapato, asi haanzwisisi sei hondo muSiriya zvikuru kunetseka pamusoro United States nedzimwe nyika.

Batsirai Assad utongi

By wechando 2012 atova pachena kuti reSiriya kurwisana iri hondo dzakazara. Yokudanwa kubatsira hurumende reSiriya vakabvuma ayo vatsigiri kwenguva refu, izvo, mushure "Arab Spring" anoramba asina zvakawanda. Iran kwave chaizvo kuna Assad. The Islamic Republic wakatuma vemauto mazano kubva akakurumbira basa IRGC chokurovedza anopamba. Chokutanga, hurumende vakasiya pfungwa iyi, achitya kuti kusingadzorwi mapoka paramillitaristskie zvichaita chete kusimbisa kunyatsoita muvanhu. Asi pashure kurasikirwa munzvimbo huru kuchamhembe anotanga ihwohwo "Shabiha" (kubva Arabic - idzangaradzimu). Izvi varwi chaiye akapika mhiko kuna Assad.

Uyewo kubva Iran uye dzimwe nyika vanosvika vapanduki "Hezbollah". Izvi anonzi gandanga sangano munyika dzinoverengeka muEurope uye muUnited States. Vamiririri "Party pakati Allah" (kushandura chaidzo "Hezbollah") vari Islamist Shiite. Vaiitawo mikuru hondo dzose, nekuti vane ruzivo yehondo. The kurwisana nezvombo kupepuka ehurumende uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika iri vaigara kumadokero chikamu weSiria zhinji. Vakatanga vanoshingaira kubatana proasadovskim paramilitary mapoka. Vamwe zvidzidzo zviri mukomiyunisiti.

The enhoroondo hondo yevagari muSiriya rinonyatsoratidza kuti kupfuura panova kwakaitika pashure pakutanga dzimwe kupindira. Muna 2013, nharaunda Shamy (Syrian zvetsika zita) rikakamurwa anoverengeka nhengo. Zvikuru kurwa kuparadzira kutya uye ruvengo pakati vakawanda, izvo zvakakonzera kusikwa akawanda akasiyana, vakawanda vacho vari kurwa naro rumwe rutivi, ipapo mumwe.

LIH

Muna 2014, nyika vakaziva magandanga sangano "kwechiIslam State of Iraq uye Levant". boka iri akazviratidza makore anopfuura 10 adarika, pashure nechisimba US mauto muIraq. Chokutanga, ndiko davi al-Qaeda uye vasina zvakakomba simba. Kamwe kanga muSiriya akatanga kuwana tichimhanya, LIH akakunda vamwe Iraqi ndima uye Shamy. The manyuko mari zvinonzi muArabhiya magnates. Serious divi muhondo LIH aiva mushure kubatwa pamusoro Mosul.

Kuti aite izvi, izvozvo akazvitora chete zviuru zvishomanana varwi. About 800 vanhu vakapinda nyika muguta uye vakamukira panguva iyoyo pakatanga kunze. Uyezve, muna August 2014, iye rinoburitsa LIH misha yakawanda munzvimbo Mosul, uye akazivisa nokuumba caliphate. With simba Advocacy LIH vanopinza vatsigiri kubva pasi pose. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, nhamba varwi inogona kusvika 200 zviuru vanhu. Mushure kubatwa vanenge chetatu weSiriya radicals vakatanga kudana pachavo kungoti "Islamic State", aiming kuti paumbwe imwe yose caliphate.

The IG achirwira kushingaira kushandisa vanonzi vakafira - kuzviuraya. Mureza Zano kurwisa muvengi nechigadziko kunotanga kurwisa. Pashure paizvozvo, akatanga kurwisa Islamists uchibatsirwa chiedza warrior motokari uye SUVs. IG kunoitawo vakashandisa chaizvo remagandanga hondo, kushora zvechiuto uye zvavo pamusoro musha mberi. Somuenzaniso, muIraq vari "vavhimi Raafidis". Mauto kupfeka pezvakaita Iraqi muchiuto uye kuronga kurwisa nhengo kwokubatsira nezvimwe vavengi. Vakabirwa vanoziva kuti vakawira mumaoko Islamists, chete pashure kubatwa kwake.

Kunyange IG anoita munharaunda dzakawanda, vaongorori dzinobvumirana kuti nokuumba boka akadaro reSiriya kurwisana wakadenha. Zvikonzero vanonzi zvakasiyana. The inonyanya Shanduro - ndicho chido ePezhiya vavaitire simba rayo kuMiddle East.

International ugandanga

"Islamic mamiriro" mhosva dzakasiyana-siyana kurwiswa nemagandanga munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika. Vanopfuura 80 vakaurayiwa vakaurayiwa pashure kurwisa imwe hotera iri Tunisia. Mumatsutso 2015 chinangwa Mauto akanga France. The kurwisa wedzero revatungamiriri magazini "Charly Edbo", iro rakabudiswa cartoons hweMuporofita Muhammad, aiva pamusoro nyaya nhau yenyika. The Hurumende French akativimbisa kuti mushure kwemagandanga achatora kumboitika kuchengeteka matanho. Asi pasinei ichi, muna November muParis akanga akarwisa zvakare. Mapoka anoverengeka kufanorongwa kuputika uye ita mhirizhonga kupfura mumigwagwa. Somugumisiro kufa vanhu 130, vanopfuura 300 vakakuvadzwa zvakakomba.

October 31 Sinai yakadonha ndege Russian. Somugumisiro, kuuraya vanhu 224. A maawa mashomanana pashure dzakawanda Vezvenhau akashuma nezvedambudziko, ari muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano "Islamic nehurumende" yakauraya basa nokuda chiitiko.

Basa Kurdistan

Kurds - ndizvozvo vanhu mamiriyoni 30 kuMiddle East. Vanopinda zvizvarwa marudzi Iranian-kutaura. Most Kurds - nemwero vaMuslim. Kurdish munharaunda zhinji kurarama rokunyika nzanga. Uyewo, hombe chikamu vaKristu uye nhengo nezvimwe zvitendero. The Kurds vane voga mamiriro, asi nharaunda kugarwa kwavo kwainzi Kurdistan. Siriya pamepu kuti Kurdistan chakakura chikamu.

Kurds kazhinji kunzi kupati wechitatu hondo yevagari muSiria. Chokwadi kuti rudzi urwu kwemakore mazhinji kutamburira nokuda kwavo rusununguko. Kubva dambudziko muna 2011, chikamu Kurds vakatsigira Anti-hurumende mienzanisiro. Nokuuya pamusoro IG Kurdish nharaunda yakanga iri pangozi kubatwa. Islamic radicals vakaita nehasha vomunzvimbo, izvo chakaita kuti vachishingaira mubasa dzinotevedzana "Peshmerga". yokuzvipira iyi idzodzo dzakakurumbira kuzvidzivirira.

Vanonakidzwa rutsigiro zvikuru kubva vakasara Kurdistan. The Workers 'Party, izvo anoita pamusoro munharaunda kweTurkey, anogara anotuma vakazvipira uye zvemari rubatsiro. VokuTurkey vari kushingaira kunetseka nesangano iri, nokuti vanotyisidzira munyika miganhu kuvimbika. The kurdish vashoma inoumba anenge 20% of zvachose kwevanhu kweTurkey. Uye separatist manzwiro akavamba mukati maro. A guru chikamu Kurdish mapoka vanozviti leftist kana kukuru mukomiyunisiti maonero kuti murege huchikanganiswa rudzi womukati zvazvingava President Erdogan. Mune panhengo Peshmerga nguva yasvika leftist vakazvipira vachibva dzeEU (kunyanya Germany uye Spain) uye Russia. vanhu ava usazeza kupa kubvunzurudza kune Western venhau. Vatori kazhinji kubvunza sei hondo muSiriya waitwa vechidiki kusiya nyika yavo. Varume mutoro ruzha masirogani uye musingaitirani nharo pamusoro "munyika yose kutamburira rwekuita kirasi."

US Basa: Siria hondo

chikuru kurwisana kwakadaro vaisagona kubatsira asi kubata ziso United States of America. The contingent kuti NATO mauto kwenguva refu nguva achagara Iraq. Kubva pakutanga dambudziko States yakapa chaizvo kuti kupikiswa reSiriya. Zviri mumwe wokutanga vakaisa zvirango kurwisa Assad hurumende. Muna 2013, vanhu vokuAmerica akataura nezvomukana zvakananga kupindirwa uchishandisa boka nyika, asi zvino akasiya pfungwa pasi kumanikidzwa Russia.

Muna 2014, United States sezvo chikamu antiterrorist mubatanidzwa akatanga kubhomba mafungiro vechiIslam State. Near Siria mumwe chikuru vatsigiri vokuAmerica kuMabvazuva - Turkey. kakawanda kurdish nevarwi vakapomera wemasangano kurwisa zvinzvimbo zvavo pasi achinyepera kurwiswa IG.

Siriya kunetsana: Russia muchinangwa

Russia yavewo muzvirongwa yevagari hondo kubvira pakutanga kwayo. In Russia muSiriya ndiyo chete uto chawo. Uye hurumende Assad wakadzikwa noushamwari, izvo vatiitire kubvira panguva USSR. Russia, pamwe North Korea, Iran uye Venisueloy, kutsigira mauto kuti masimba ehurumende. Izvi zvose zvinoitwa kuchengetedza runyararo mudunhu. Muna 2014, Russia akatanga kutora matanho ari Shamua. Kwapera mavhiki mashoma akanga yekudyidzana kwakawedzera uto kuvapo.

mhedziso

Musimboti reSiriya makakatanwa ari kuedza yokumwe inoti kuramba kana kuvandudza chinzvimbo chayo kuMiddle East. The Islamic wehurumende kazhinji yava chete chikonzero pakatanga mauto Siria. Asi chikonzero chaicho muvengi ushamwari hwoudzvinyiriri mudunhu. Panguva ino ari Civil War inogona kukamurwa 3 chakakomba simba kuti haagoni kukunda uye handidi kurasikirwa. Naizvozvo, Hondo icharamba kwenguva refu.