History of redhiyo

"Radio" zvino zvikuru vanoshamwaridzana uye zvakafanana namashoko. Munyika yanhasi wose anoziva kuti nokupfuuridzirwa mashoko "pasina waya" vachishandisa redhiyo mafungu. Asi makore 100 akapfuura, hapana aigona kufungidzira kwakadaro kwete. History of redhiyo, chokwadi, unofadza zvikuru. Kusvikira ikozvino, vanyori venhau nharo pamusoro ndiani muvambi wechokwadi nawo - Popov kana Marconi.

Dzimwe nguva dzose, injini acho paiva kubatana. Kare 1864 kuvapo remagetsi mafungu rakafanotaura hunonzi J. Maxwell. Makore asingasviki 25 mubasa pakusikwa mafungu izvi Hertz. Panguva dzakatevedzana kuedza Akazvisimbisira Maxwell pfungwa uye akaramba basa rakatangwa atsauka ake. Zvakaguma kusikwa zano kuti aikwanisa kuparadzira nokugamuchira remagetsi mafungu zvakafanana. mugamuchiri uyu zvave hanya uye aishanda chete pane chinhambwe kuchitsauko mamita. Iri raiva mavambo mberi, asi vaifanira kuita chimwe chinhu kuti kubatana chaiko - akakwana, wokutepfenyurisa simba. Sezvineiwo, Hertz vakafa zvikuru ropa chepfu, asi nhoroondo redhiyo haagumiri ipapo.

Academic nyika vemunharaunda yave kuziva kuedza kuti Hertz. Uye zvikuru nokukurumidza kuzodzosera akazarura nzira itsva inonyatsoshanda receiver. Tinoita izvi wokuEngland uye wokuFrance O. Lodge E.Branli. Vakawana kuti vamwe upfu simbi akazadzwa chubhu akagamuchira zvakanaka remafungu. Kana wokutepfenyurisa akaverevedza chinopa wokutanga, akatora chimwe chiratidzo uye anoitisa ano. Zvisinei, kuteerera inotevera chiratidzo coherer (chubhu) zvakafanira kuzunungusa zvishoma, achidzoka saka ari pokutangira chinzvimbo.

kuedza izvi akafarirawo Russian injiniya Alexander Popov, kunzwisisa kudiwa kukurukurirana pasina tambo zvakaisvonaka. Akatanga kutsvaka kwake kushanda mu tsika, "Hertz mafungu". Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuisa muchina zvokuti coherer pachake "twitching" pashure chiratidzo nomumwe kukwanisa pakarepo kutora inotevera mumwe.

Pano anotanga nhoroondo redhiyo Russian yokuvaka. Popov akawana mhinduro chinokushamisa yayo chaiyo nyore. Kubatanidza chubhu yemagetsi bhero. Kana nyundo rin'i chiratidzo pamusoro pafiripi coherer, saka achidzokera nzvimbo yaro yepakutanga. Kubva inzwi kwayo zvaigoneka kugamuchira anonongedzera pasina matambudziko ipapo yakakurumbira Morse romutemo. Chimwe muchina zvakabatana rezvipfuwo kuti rione anonongedzera pabhandi kufamba. Izvi redhiyo mabiko uye yedzimudzangara (kure 60 metres) Popov akaratidza muna 1895. Saka vakatanga nhoroondo paruzhinji redhiyo. Akabva akasika zano rinounza vanobatsirwa - "dutu chakarurama" kuti kunonyora mheni patepi. Nokufamba kwenguva, ushamwari unomushandira kuti mamita 250. The nyaya akabudirira, asi yokupedzisira mugumisiro waida basa rakawanda uye nguva.

Panguva iyoyowo G. Marconi, mumwe Italian wechidiki aishanda vachishingaira pamusoro yakafanana basa, asi dzimwe nzira. Panzira, ake vagamuchiri zvirongwa anenge indistinguishable kubva nzira Popov. Communication chiri inoparadzirwa chete pamusoro pfupi akareba. Asi Italian mugadziri yakanga nechivimbo uye aida nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kuwana pokushandisa hurongwa. Aisvika siyana miviri Hurumende, asi zvose akaramba. Uye chete muna 1897 zvachakapiwa rimwe bvumidzwa muUnited Kingdom. Nhoroondo redhiyo, akamisa wokuItaly, vakauya kuna Russia, kuti Popov akapindura zvikuru zvakakwana, tichifunga kuti Marconi yokutanga akamboda kutora yakagadzirwa inoshanda hwaro uye ukasvika pane kuedza ake, nemigumisiro yakanaka.

Kwapera nguva, kukura zvose Italian uye Russian, vakawana kushanda kwavo. Marconi midziyo akashandisa Prince of Wales pamusoro Yacht "Osborne". A debut Popov akaponeswa 50 vehove kushandisa mudziyo raro nokuda kukurukurirana pasina tambo, kana akabvumira kugadzirisa hurongwa radiogram ravo kuvafambisi vengarava.

Uye Popov, uye Marconi zviri kushingaira kushanda mukuvandudza Wireless kukurukurirana. Zvinokwanisika kuvandudza uye kuti vabudirire kuwedzera daro pakati vagamuchiri. Nyaya hazvirevi kuguma pamwe kukura redhiyo, nekuti pamusoro nguva rakava yakawanda hunoshanda uye hwakavimbika, kuchinja uye kuvandudza.