Plagiarism uye Copyright muna History

"Beginners vadetembi kutevedzera, uchikura - ivo kuba." Tomas Eliot, mudetembi.

Plagiarism - hachizi nyaya kopipasta yaitonga. Sei vanhu aimubata yose akanyorwa kare? Iyoyi akatarisa zvakasiyana panguva dzakasiyana.

Plagiarism kare uye kuMiddle Ages

Kana Latin rinoreva plagiarius mhosva uyo Anoba vanhu uye kutengesa vave varanda. Plagiarism, sezvo tinochinzwisisa zvino, kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zvisiri, uye vasingagoni musimboti kuva: vanhu vakadzidza vari ainyatsoziva yakaisvonaka Arts, mabasa havana mazwi ose akanga pakarepo kuwanikwa zvikuru. Uyezve, dzidzo iri mumunda uri kwaisanganisira nokukopa mienzaniso, shoko nomusoro, kutukana nokumukirana uye zvichemo. Vatauri aitevedzera Cicero, vananyanduri - Pindar uye Anacreon, vazivi - Aristotle.

Plagiarism yaiva nheyo tsika dzekare uye, nokudaro, akava hwaro ano European budiriro. Zuva Vakakurukura nyika, nyika yakanga chisingaperi uye ine vamwe mari yakanaka, haungambofari mimwe naMwari chaiyo reshoko. Somuenzaniso, zvinobikwa Virgil sybils kushandiswa yokushopera. Nyora rimwe compiler hapana kufarira mubvunzo rakanyorwa haana. Akadaro aiva mweya zera. Vanyori yaMakoronike dzekare uye musoro raisazouya kuisa pazasi mupumburu kusaina.

Plagiarism muna Renaissance

Inochinja mu Copyright akatanga muna Renaissance, apo vanhu zvitsva vachiwanda uye vakatanga kukwikwidzana mumwe. Somuenzaniso, 1600 fung gore, vemifananidzo vakatanga kusaina mifananidzo yavo.

Kungatonziwo uye nomusoro achiri ndiyo nzira chete dzidzo. Copy vanhu okusika akanga dzinongoitika sezvo kufema, asi kukosha rinoera mabasa ounyanzvi podrasteryal uye vose vaiedza kuti munyaya unyanzvi kuwedzera chinhu chepakutanga. Vanyori vakatanga vigilantly nechokwadi chokuti hapana Stribro nhaka yavo okusika.

Pashure emakore hwokusika kusazivana zvakavamba kuchinja Copyright vavariro anokandazve negwara risiri. Mhosva kuba magwaro kana pfungwa yakauya migomo, uyezve, vakanga kukuru mhosva uye zvikonzero zvakawanda kumatare uye nokurwisana, vachishandisa.

Chinetso plagiarism rava kufarira zvose. Vatsoropodzi uye biographers vakatanga akanyatsokopwa kudzidza Classics, nyore kutsvaka kutibatsira Titambire, uye izvi zvizhinji zvakadaro kure. Zvino pakati Vakakopana pakukura akarongwa Somuenzaniso, Shakespeare, Poe, Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Lowell, uye Dzhek London. Kubva nekaupenyu matsva zvakawanwa - Martin Luther King, slyamzili doctorate. Akatora nzvimbo chikamu anonyara pedants panyaya kuti anomutorera masayendisiti dhigirii paakanga afa vakanga vakachiudzawo rakarambwa vezvesayenzi enyika yakarurama.

The ano nemafungiro plagiarism

Over nguva plagiarism nyaya dzave kwakashanda zvizere. Criminal plagiarism rakakamurwa mhosva tsigiro, reminiscence, kupfupisa uye mazwi, kunyange kupfuura utsinye kuratidzwa akanga plagiarized. Kazhinji, ari "woupombwe-aingotaura zvaakanga anzwa vamwe" kava "tenzi anokunyengedzera reminiscences." Chii musoro - the nehanya nyaya, sezvo pfungwa uye zvifananidzo, zvakaoma chaizvo kuwana kumugumo.

Somuenzaniso, Elena akanyora Surzhikova rwiyo "handingarevi nhema," nokuti Karachentsova, uye ipapo munhu orwiyo hapana shanduko akazviratidza rwiyo "Boel" zvemimhanzi "Notre Dame de Paris". Reminiscence ndiko, mazwi kana vavariro yakaipa - kana kunzwisisa kana hazvigoni kwakaratidza.

zvino zvakawanda zviri iiswe nerimwe dzedu, kuti tariro kuti mumatsutso tine kwakajeka pfungwa - kwedu.

Kasiri kare, American Historical Association akabvunza Professor Michael Rawson paUniversity of Wisconsin muna Madison kukudziridza pedagogical nzira yaizobatsira vadzidzi vadzivise plagiarism. Purofesa akaita kunoshamisa, asi pasina nguva zvakava pachena kuti akanga splagiachena zvachose vaongorori adarika. Takatanga kunzwisisa, uye zvikazooneka kuti vanyori ava vakashandisa mazano nevamwe. Somugumisiro, isu akapa uye kubvuma kuti vanhu vanonzi kuti kuronda muvambi hazvibviri.

Nhasi zvose nehanya kwete plagiarism uye Copyright. Kuti haisi rakanyorwa uye Copyright - kodzero ezvokutengeserana kushandiswa uye akatevedzera. Vakanyora chete - hama chinhu. Ndianiko Banksy, ichi yokudhirowa kunoshamisa - mumwe munhu kana boka shamwari? Ndiani munyori akanyora "Ghostwriter" matikitivha pamwe zita redu rinofarirwa kupfuura munyori uri pabutiro? Mhinduro iri kwete, uye hakuchazovipo - kunyange nyaya iri pachena, sezvo Kohinoor nedhaimani uye zvakafanana vezvokutengeserana kubudirira.