Habsburgs kubva machinda yeAustria kune simba mambo Europe

Habsburg chigaro anozivikanwa kubva XIII remakore, apo vamiririri vayo vakanga mitauro miviri muAustria. On pakati XV remakore pakutanga XIX zvavakaita anoramba musoro madzimambo Mutsvene hweRoma, kuva simba kupfuura madzimambo ose kondinendi.

The nhoroondo Habsburgs

Muvambi vorudzii aigara X remakore. Nezvazvo nhasi, haana kurarama anenge asina ruzivo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muzukuru wake, Graf Rudolf, wakawana nyika muAustria muna pakati XIII remakore. Chaizvoizvo, ndivo Dzinde Swabia uye vakava kumaodzanyemba, apo vamiririri ainge apfuura yemadzitateguru Castle imba. The zita wenhare - Gabiskhtsburg (kubva German - "rukodzi-zvechizarira") uye akapa zita imba youmambo. Muna 1273, Rudolf akasarudzwa Mambo vokuGermany uye Kesari pakati Hutsvene hweRoma. Akakunda kubva Czech King Premysl Otakar Austria uye Styria, uye vanakomana vake Albrecht uye Rudolf akava Habsburgs wokutanga, uyo akatonga Austria. Muna 1298, Albrecht nhaka baba vake musoro mambo uye mambo German. Uye gare gare choushe kuti akasarudzwa, uye mwanakomana wake. Zvisinei, munyika XIV remakore, musoro naMambo Mutsvene hweRoma uye Mambo vokuGermany yakanga ichiri kusarudzwa pakati pamachinda German, uye haana nguva dzose -bereka nhengo imba youmambo. Chete muna 1438, apo Mambo Albrecht II kuva, kuti Habsburgs pakupedzisira arrogate pachavo rokuremekedza. Kunze kwaiva vakazoroorwa chete apo umambo simba akaita Elector pakati Bavaria iri pakati XVIII remakore.

Ichatonga zvine mbiri imba youmambo

Kubva iyi pamusoro Habsburg youmambo iri kuwana kuwedzera simba kusvika penya dzakakwirira. Kubudirira kwavo wakaradzikwa inobudirira wokuti Emperor Maximilian I, uyo akatonga mukupera XV - kutanga XVI remakore. Kutaura zvazviri, kubudirira kwayo chikuru chaiva inobudirira: pachavo, iyo akawana kwaari Netherlands, uye mwanakomana Firipi, saka kuti Habsburgs vatora Spain. About muzukurukomana Maximilian wacho, Carlos V, akati ari ushe ake zuva harinyuri - zvikuru kuparadzira simba rayo. Aiva Germany, Netherlands, mativi Spain uye Italy, uyewo vamwe zvinhu Munyika Itsva. Habsburg chigaro vakasangana soro yepamusoro simba rake.

Zvisinei, kunyange panguva upenyu iyi namambo yakakura mamiriro akanga muzvikamu. Uye pashure porufu rwake, uye zvose akawira vega, pashure iyo vamiririri imba youmambo Vakagoverana pfuma yavo pamwe chete. Ferdinand ndakaenda kuAustria uye Germany, Philip II - Spain uye Italy. Mune ramangwana, iyo Habsburgs, imba youmambo kuti rakakamurwa pamatavi maviri, hadzichina mumwe. Mune dzimwe nguva kunyange akazarura hama vaipikisa mumwe. Sezvazvakanga zvakaita munguva yeHondo Yemakore Makumi Matatu iri Europe. Kukunda vavandudzi zvakanzi anosakadza nesimba matavi maviri. Saka, Kesari Mutsvene hweRoma kumbova pesvedzero kokutanga rakanga chokuita kwaita enyika inoti muEurope. A Habsburgs Spanish uye akaita kurasikirwa chake choushe, achichipa Bourbons.

In pakati pezana XVIII remakore, vabati yeAustria Joseph II uye Leopold II kwenguva yakati asingakwanisi kuzodzosera kusimudza mukurumbira uye simba imba youmambo. Izvi ichatonga zvine mbiri yechipiri, kana Habsburgs vakanga zvakare zvakakurumbira Europe, yakatora kwerinenge remakore. Zvisinei, pashure pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1848, imba youmambo iri kurasikirwa chindingindingi kwayo simba, kunyange zvake umambo. Austria ichichinja kuita hunyambiri umambo - Austria-Hungary. Uyezve - zviri kusingarapiki - pokuwa kwacho rwanonoka bedzi nemhaka aikwanisa uye uchenjeri yokutonga Frantsa Iosifa, uyo aiva mutongi wokupedzisira chaiye ehurumende. Habsburg chigaro (mufananidzo Frantsa Iosifa kurudyi) pashure pokukundwa Munyika War First akanga zvizere simba muBenin, uye pamusoro mumatongo hwacho muna 1919, kwaiva dzinoverengeka National akazvimirira anoti.