Neysmit Dzheyms: Biography uye pikicha. History of Basketball

Mugore pre-kombiyuta nguva vana vatambe panze mitambo mumhepo. The vekuAmerica zvave yakakurumbira mutambo wainzi "Duck uri ibwe." On a Chigutsa kana zvimwe pakukwirira vanomutswa ibwe, inonzi Dhadha. Near ikava "chokumbofanobata varindi", iro aifanira kudzivirira pakuedza kuunza pasi vamwe mutambo, "dhadha" pavhu. Zvinonzi mune ichi kunonakidza chaiko dzidzo mudzidzisi kubva American College of Springfield akaona pfungwa game, yaakakudanirai basketball. Zita iroro munhu aiva Naismith. James vaisagona kunyange kureva nevakawanda sei kuda mutambo uyu munyika yose.

Mutambi, mudzidzisi, muvambi

Basketball baba akaberekwa muna 1861 muna Ontario, Canada. Zvino, muguta Mississippi Mills pane imba-museum of vakatanga basketball. Kubva pauduku akanga aifarira mitambo, kunyanya mhuka marudzi. Kana Hockey panguva iyoyo akanga akakurumbira sezvo iye zvino, muna imwe Canadian zvikwata angangodaro akazviratidza Frontline, pamusoro hembe iyo yaizova zita Naismith. James panguva zvidzidzo ake paUniversity of Montreal muchinangwa dzimwe mitambo, kunyanya nhabvu siyana - European (anonzi nhabvu mu North America) uye yeCanada.

Mukomana akanga ane nzira itsva pfungwa uye Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira flair. Canada, kufanana US, nhabvu ine mubereki Chirungu Rugby uye superkontaktnoy mutambo pamwe mikana kukuvara. Hard kwemotokari kukonzera zvechigarire. Dzheyms Neysmit anonzi kuva mutambi wokutanga kuva kushandisa rwokudzivirira ngowani. Law haarambidzi kunwiwa nayo, uye ake muenzaniso zvakateverwa nevamwe vadzidzi vaityira kuti vakachengeteka zvavo kukwanisa kubudirira rwezvinhu pakosi.

Bachelor mu Education Physical

Ndapedza kubva yunivhesiti uye kuva vanopupurirwa wenyama mudzidzisi dzidzo James Naismith akatamira kunyika yakavakidzana. Kubvira 1891, akatanga kushanda mune rimwe mumakoreji, akarongwa neZvapupu YMCA (YMKA - Young Men kuti Christian Association) - sangano Youth Christian muguta Springfield, Massachusetts. Kuwedzera yokurovedza muviri, akadzidzisa anatomi.

Somudzidzisi Dzheyms Neysmit kwainzi nyanzvi wechokwadi. Akatsvaka kubatanidza vadzidzi zvemitambo, vachiedza kuti kirasi mubereko usina kuva hakunakidzi uye monotonous muviri. Muchirimo, zvakanga nyore kuronga makwikwi pachena mhepo, apo vadzidzi vakanga vachiridza yebaseball uye nhabvu, kuramba kufarira jimunasitikisi ari yokurovedza muviri rakanga kuoma muchando. Director of College Dr. Luther Gulick akakumbira Jakobho kuti kukwira chinhu. Uye zvakanakisisa hakusi zvechisimba sezvo Rugby kana American nhabvu. Okusika zvakaita matarenda fizruka kamwe akabatsira Naismith akawana kwakajeka mhinduro.

A bhora uye vaviri matengu mapichisi pasi

Dzheyms Neysmit akazogadzira mutambo pamwe bhora iri akanyudzwa nzvimbo kubvisa kubhoekana yokurovedza pamusoro gymnastic midziyo kana monotonous kumhanya vakavapoteredza. Zvinonzi mitemo mutsva mutambo, vakawanda mashoko akapera nhasi, yakanga akagadzira mukati awa. Rimwe zuva akaona kuti chikamu chikwata nevadzidzi kubva kukoreji Rugby chikwata kuedza kuridza paruvanze, pane kushandisa gedhi bhokisi guru.

December 1, 1891, kupatsanura vadzidzi zvikwata zviviri, akapa kuti bhora ari emapuranga bhokisi, riri pauriri pakati yokurovedza muviri. Nyaya yakaguma muna murwi-pasi, apo nevanozvitsigira akasimuka vakapoteredza bhokisi uye zvachose chakavhara kubva vorongerwa. Nechomumugwagwa mukomberedzo pechivanze rine maberere, uye Jakobho akasvika pfungwa vakauya kwaari pakatarisana kumativi maviri mutswanda chinhu, umo kukoreji vakauya muchero. Mavari taida kuwana redehwe bhora wokutanga European Football basketball, achiwana points.

Nhoo mhete uye pajira riya

Kukwirira panguva iyo dengu vakanga vasimbiswa, akanga 305 masendimita, iyo Akachengetedzwa ano mitemo mutambo. Zvino adzikatidza anokumhan'arira wacho kwepfuti kwakamuomera, uye mutambo vakaenda zvikuru simba. Zvisingakoshi Kumbomira kwakaitika apo nharirire, akanga akapfeka zita Stebbins, aifanira kuwana balls, yakarova kupfura. Zvichida ichi ndicho yake yokutanga yakapera kushivirira, uye akagura pasi kure mudengu kuti bhora akawira pasi. Pasina ivo vakaitwa nesimbi zvindori pamwe grid, chaizvoizvo haasati achinja kusvikira nhasi.

Game hwainakidza chaizvo kuti nokukurumidza makwikwi akatanga kukwezva mafeni, vakazadza maberere. Kubatsira kutamba, kazhinji ivo vanobatwa bhora ichibhururuka chiratidzo yakafara, uye vazodzikisa kuti mudengu. Kudzivirira mhete vazvipiri, aifanira kuvaka nhovo, kuti zvakanga zvakabatanidzwa mudengu. Zvadaro, akatanga kutamba zvakasiyana basa, asi achiri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha unhu basketball.

Mitemo yokutanga

Ndinonzwisisa kuti mitambo mutambo Dzheyms Neysmit tega, nyore chaizvo. Nhasi, mhete simbi simba anopiwa ane chakaita zvokugadzirwa pajira riya anofanira kukurira kurema maviri mutinhimira-vatambi, asi achiri kunzi dengu - mutswanda Chirungu. Modern bhora kubva nedzimwe polymer - zvakagadzirwa yakagozha rwokugadzira uye yakakwirira nepurani. Iye unenge usisina kutombofanana kuti redehwe nhabvu, izvo zvaiita Naismith zvakakodzera zvikuru, asi vachiri akadana bhora Chirungu - bhora.

Mitemo Basketball kwemakore anopfuura zana achinja zvikuru, zvichiita mutambo uyu uchitsanya munyika. Asi kutanga, yepakutanga, rakabudiswa January 15, 1892 mupepanhau yechikoro, yainzi "Triangle". Nhasi anonzi mukuru musi nokuberekwa Basketball - game iri reDare anenge mamiriyoni 300 nhasi.

Zvinobatsira vaGiriyedhi-vakasununguka

New games - kutsanya uye zvinofadza, umo unogona kuridza mumugwagwa uye mumba, nyore uye zvakajeka mitemo, vaduku Dating pakarepo. By Naismith akatanga kutendeuka kubva dzakasiyana kuzvikoro kubva kumativi ose America, achikumbira Basketball mitemo. Muna 1892 akabudisa bhuku yavakanga akagadzira 13 muzano. Main zvokudya mitemo dzakasimba uye kuti rudzi varipo.

Sheet pamwe typewritten mitemo, vakaisa pasi ruoko Naismith Header - «Basketball», yaitengeswa 2010 at okisheni kuti vanopfuura mamiriyoni 4 emadhora. Basketball baba pachake haana vavimbisana rinokosha "kukurudzira" idzva mutambo, uye kwete kushandisa nokuda kuzvisimudzira. Game, ane munyori akanga Dzheyms Neysmit - Basketball, runoonekwa zvikuru "American", asi US mugari akaberekerwa Canadian, akanga chete muna 1925, makore 34 pashure Resettlement. Akanga avimbiswa mukudzidzisa kwake basa, agamuchira madhigirii vanoverengeka chitendero, uzivi uye mishonga. Asi vana vake nokukurumidza kuwedzera kukurumbira munyika.

Olympic mutambo

Muna 1898 makanga wokutanga League nyanzvi muUnited States. Vatambi vanogamuchira $ 2.5 kumba mitambo uye $ 1.25 nokuti mbudo. Asingasviki makore zana okuberekwa uye mumwe nyeredzi vatambi of NBA chikwata, "Washington Mabara" Dzhuvan Hovard chibvumirano pasi raakanga apiwa nguva nomwe mamiriyoni 100 emadhora pamusoro.

At yeOlympic 1904 kuSt Louis rakaitirwa munhu pakuratidzirwa machisi muna basketball, uye muna 1936 pakutanga pamutemo mutambo apo US chikwata panguva yeOlympic yakaitwa muBerlin, Won mu chokupedzisira Canada ne mamakisi 18: 9. Mueni rukudzo, uyo akaita chokufananidzira chiso-kure wokupedzisira machisi, akanga pachake ari muvambi chomutambo. Kukokwa Olympics mukuru nesimba IOC, akakwanisa kuongorora yezvinoreva kukurumbira awana munyika brainchild ake.

Kubwinya hwose uye posthumous

Naismith akafa musi November 28, 1939, takakombwa vana vashanu nevazukuru vakawanda. Zvichida Dzheymsom Neysmitom Kugadzirwa yacho hwemvura sando, sezvakaita Chirungu ake pedyo namesake Dzheyms Nesmit, kana Somuenzaniso, imwe wokusonesa, uye vangadai vakamuisa zvakawanda pfuma uye yakabudirira zvikuru upenyu. Asi kusvikira ikozvino, mamiriyoni evanhu vanoonga mufaro chinounza kuvamba ake. Today, basketball - simba maindasitiri, iyo inenge yashandiswa mabhiriyoni emadhora mari uye rinofadza mhuka vanhu vakaderera pane nzvimbo dzakawanda dziri panyika. Zita baba Basketball neHoro Vakakurumbira Basketball mumaguta North America, vakawanda mitambo zvivako pasi pose.