Chii chinonzi "Ruby" (Ruby)? The zvirongwa mutauro "Ruby"

Panguva iyoyo, pane vazhinji mitauro zvirongwa, imwe neimwe ine pachake maitiro uye nemitemo yayo. Nyaya ino rinonyanya mumwe wavo.

Nhoroondo mutauro Ruby

Ruby sezvo mutauro zvirongwa kwave kumativi kwenguva refu kwazvo nguva. Basa rokutanga reShanduro ichi mutauro zvikuru nevakawanda nhasi yakatanga kusvika 1993 uye wokutanga mukuru shanduro kubva 1995. Musiki mutauro, Yukihiro Matsumoto, aiva Zvokutopenga zvirongwa kubva pamazuva muviri mudzidzi, asi pfungwa pakusika pachavo Chishandiso kwavo akazviratidza zvikuru gare gare. Saka chii chiri saka kunoshamisa pamusoro ichi zvirongwa mutauro kuti nhasi ane nzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo panyika dariro-software kukura?

Ruby zvirongwa mutauro - chiri zvichishandurwa mutauro mukuru-pamwero pamwe simba achitaipa uye pasina Runtime Implementation kuti multithreading. It ane marara muteresi, uye pamusoro chaizvo ari nemarongerwo nayo zvikuru kunyatsotevera approximates kuti mitauro yakaita Perl. With kukura mararamiro, papuratifomu uyu akakwereta zvakawanda kubva Smalltalk, Python, chirimi nemimwe zvirongwa mitauro. Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti kuvapo uye kuramba kukura ndechokuti mutauro "Ruby" yayo Implementation vakasununguka zvachose. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu anogona zvamaronga kuchinja, uye kana vari vabvuma vemunharaunda, chichagamuchirwa vanobatanidzwa inotevera shanduro mutauro.

Ruby uzivi

Paaisika vana vavo, Matsumoto, somunhu akazvipira kukuchidzira uye Zvokutopenga nechinhu vaifarira zvirongwa, izvozvo akasika mumwe uzivi kuti programmers vanoda kudzidza mutauro wavo. Saka, mutauro Ruby zvirongwa rakagadzirirwa kusika nyore, uye panguva imwe chete zvinonzwisisika mafomu. Ruby kusimbisa haisi kumhanya purogiramu, uye pakururama uye kuverenga yeMutemo.

Naizvozvo, papuratifomu uyu kazhinji kusarudzwa sezvo mazano yekudzidzisa zvirongwa. Huru musimboti, iyo inobva mutauro, ndiye anonzi nheyo "muduku Ndakashamiswa" - izvi zvinoreva kuti chirongwa vanofanira kuita sezvaitarisirwa nomunyori (programmer) kubva pairi. Chimwe chinokosha mutauro dzematongerwe zvakaunzwa musiki, iri variability zvikuru. The chete mugumisiro zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana uye mabasa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, mumwe programmer anogona kugadzirisa dambudziko sezvo hwokuva zvakakodzera zvikuru uye yakakodzera. Izvi zvikuru mukurumbira mutauro pakati nyanzvi mune ruzivo rwokugadzira.

The chikuru zvechadenga mutauro

Chii chinonzi "Ruby" sezvo mutauro zvirongwa? Izvi unongova mutauro chinhu vaifarira. Hapana mhando chinyakare - ose zvivako uye vamapoka Data vari zvinhu (kusiyana kuti mutauro Java chete, ine chinyakare mashoko hurongwa). basa dzose "Ruby" inzira. Vazhinji zviri uye zvinogonekwa akasuma creators kubva mimwe mitauro zvirongwa, saka tinogona zvakanaka kutaura kuti Ruby (mutauro) chinayo akanakisisa kubva siyana mimwe mitauro uye michina.

Saka, somuenzaniso, mu mararamiro "Ruby" rine yayo marara muteresi, pfungwa iyo yakatorwa kubva Java uye Smalltalk, uye kuti unogona kushanda zvose zvinhu munyika. mashandiro Izvi zvinoita usingaonekwi inodzidzisa uye chikumbiro yokuvaka kuita zvakawanda zvinhu kuti havachinei ari kudiwa. The marara nemuteresi anobvumira yokuvaka kakawanda hazvina kutsauswa kuyeuka kurapa mafomu uye kuisa pfungwa functionality uye usability.

mutauro paradigms

Kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro izvo "Ruby" rakafanana mutauro multi-paradigm, unogona kungoerekana kuwana pachake pakupisa kupopotedzana. Pashure pezvose, mutauro uyu unokubvumira kushandisa chimwe zvirongwa paradigms zvakafanana kubudirira: munhu Maitiro werudzii zvirongwa, vanoramba vaifarira uye dzichipfekeka kusvika. The yokuvaka akasununguka kusarudza vega paradigm iri pedyo naye, uye nematurusi ake kubva ichi harizoiti mitemo kana simba. The zvirongwa mutauro "Ruby" chete rinokurudzira nezvechisarudzo ichi.

Zvikonzero kukurumbira

Zvakawanda mutauro ava yakakurumbira nokuda nyore kugadzira yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita siyana. Naizvozvo, uwandu zveupfumi uye mumaraibhurari vari kuramba richikura, uye mabasa kuti kusarudza voga, kubvumira Developers kuti kukurumidza kuunza chigadzirwa kune vakagadzirira chinzvimbo. Kazhinji "Ruby" -programming iri chokuita kukura padandemutande zvikumbiro uye kutsigira kushanda siyana nzvimbo uye Internet platforms. Izvi mutauro niche akatora ayo nyore uye kumhanya kukura. Pashure zvose nzira platforms (semuenzaniso, Java), zvinoda ruzivo zvikuru uye ruzivo kugadzirisa matambudziko chete.

Popular zveupfumi

Kana isu kutaura dzakakurumbira zveupfumi kuripo pamisika nhasi, pakati pavo pamire kunze Rails. vanhu vazhinji, kana akabvunza chii chiri "Ruby", intuitively unenge RubyOnRails. Wakaisa iyi-software zvinoriumba kuva indasitiri mureza pakati Developers. Aigara akaramba, akakudziridza uye nechimwe nenzanga programmers, apo kuramba akasununguka. mugwaro iri zvinotsanangura web chikumbiro zvinoumba sezvo chikamu MVC muenzaniso (Wokutevedzera-View-Controller), asi rinewo makagadzirira akagadzirwa kusangana pamwe kushanda Server uye inowanikwa kuvhura Database. Izvi 3 zvinoriumba, Chokwadi, vanobvumira maawa mashoma kunyora uye kumhanya nyore Blog paIndaneti kana padandemutande peji yepachivande.

The Ruby zvirongwa mutauro, unogona kunyange kusika chizvarwa Mobile mafomu, akavonga RubyMotion raibhurari. Kunoitawo kuti kuuraya Ruby bumbiro iri iOS platforms, Os X uye Android. It akasikwa ane private boka Developers, saka kushandiswa kwayo zvinofanira kubhadharwa, asi kamwe zvakare anosimbisa vapfumi yaibvira mutauro.

Kukosha miedzo kunyora

Chimwe chinokosha mararamiro mutauro Ruby, uye ayo web-kwakavakirwa zvikamu zviri freymovrki mumaraibhurari uye kunyora nemiedzo. RubyOnRails uzivi anoparidzira sechirwere (kukura maitiro-kutinhwa), izvo zvinoreva kuti chokutanga programmer pave kutevedzana miedzo kuti kurondedzera anokarirwa maitiro purogiramu, uye ipapo anosika bumbiro kuti inoda zvinobudirira kupfuura miedzo iyi. Ndibatsireiwo mureza munzvimbo iyi RSpec - framework ichi kunoita kuti kunyora bvunzo nyaya kunzwisisa, kunyange mano vanoshandisa kutanga.

Ruby Anokosha

Nemhaka kuti zvinotsanangurwa zvizere zvinodiwa zvinofanira kutevedza Mabhokisi uye mumaraibhurari Ruby, kukura wedzera-Ons hakuna kuoma. Naizvozvo, pakati dzinonzi anokosha (kubva Chirungu -. Gem) modules anogona kuwanikwa kuti anongoda chero chikumbiro - kubva kusangana pamwe network uye chechitatu-party rubatsiro kune rapera pachikuva e-commerce. All unofanira kushandisa rechitatu webato raibhurari - ndiko kutsanangura kuvimba basa ravo kubva vamwe raibhurari, iri kure kana omunharaunda dzigare mairi, uye panguva inotevera tinova raibhurari iri kwaita akatakura kupinda kushanda. Zvinoitawo nyore vaitamira pakati basa Developers, sezvo hapana chikonzero manually kugoverana dependencies kuvaka chirongwa.

Naizvozvo, kana ukakumbirwa zvakare pamusoro chii chiri "Ruby", ipapo uchazonakidzwa kutaura nechivimbo kuti ichi simba uye ichiita mabasa akawanda zvirongwa mutauro kuti zvechokwadi akakodzera Developers ruzivo zvose uye beginners vanoda kudzidza mapurogiramu zvisiri nyore webasa. Mariri pane maturusi kusika chero chikumbiro - kubva pakombiyuta chikumbira Mobile mabasa uye padandemutande platforms.