Francis Fukuyama: biography, tsvakurudzo uye kutsvakurudza

Francis Fukuyama inoreva rudzi rwevanhu vanogona kuzviona vari mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Ndiye nyanzvi inonyatsozivikanwa munzvimbo dzakadaro sefilosofi, sayenzi yezvematongerwo enyika uye zvekugadzirisa zvinhu. Mukuwedzera, akazarura mano ake semunyori, achipa nyika mabhuku anokosha anoverengeka uye akawanda ezvinyorwa pamusoro pemisoro yakasiyana-siyana.

Makore okutanga

Nyaya yake yakatanga muChicago muna 1952, apo Francis Fukuyama akaberekerwa mumhuri yevaJapan vakapinda munyika. Kuvakwa kwemhuri yeFukuyama kwakatanga na sekuru vaFrancis, avo vakatizira kuUnited States kubva muRussia-Japanese War. Baba vake vakagamuchira doctorate muAmerica, saka iwe unogona kutaura kuti mukomana akakurira munharaunda umo chido chezivo chakakunda. Kuchikoro musayendisiti wezvematongerwo enyika mune ramangwana akaita nhanho huru, asi haana kumbobhadhara zvikuru mutauro wake wekuzvarwa uye tsika. Ndezvipi zvirongwa zvekuenderera mberi nekudzidza kusarudzwa nevechidiki Francis Fukuyama? Nhoroondo yemakore ake akazotevera inoratidza kuti dzidzo yepamusoro yepamusoro yakatora nzvimbo huru muhupenyu hwechirevo chesayenzi mune ramangwana.

Dzidzo:

Mushure mekusiya chikoro, Francis anopinda muCyunivesite yeCornell, uko anodzidza uzivi hwezvematongerwo enyika. Akapedza kubva ikoko sechikoro chebasa uye akasarudza kupfuurira mberi dzidzo yake paYunivhesiti Yale mumunda wekuenzanisa kutsoropodza. Mushure mekunge apedza mwedzi mitanhatu muParis, akaziva kuti kutungamirirwa uku hakuna kumubatana naye, semugumisiro waanosarudza kudzidza sangano rezvematongerwo enyika paHarvard. Ikoko akakwanisa kubudirira kurwira chiremba chake chechiremba pamusoro pefilosofi pamutemo wekupindira kweSoviet kuMiddle East. Anenge pakarepo mushure mekuzvidzivirira, anozviidza semudzidzisi pamayunivhesiti eCalifornia. Sezvaunogona kuona, Fukuyama akazvitsvakira zvachose kusayenzi, akwanisa kubata zvinyorwa zvakanyanyisa uye kusarudza pakupedzisira iyo yavari pedyo zvikuru naye.

Career

Anenge makore gumi ehupenyu hwake, Francis Fukuyama akazvitsaurira kuti ashande munzvimbo yekutsvakurudza yeRAND Corporation, uyo ane mazano iye achiripo kusvikira nhasi. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru muupenyu hunobudirira uye pfungwa dziri munhoroondo nderimwe nzvimbo yehutano muhurumende yeMediterranean muDhipatimendi reHurumende reUnited States. Gare gare akazova vamiririri mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika-zvematongerwo enyika muEurope. Achitenda izvi, akazova nhengo yehurukuro yekukurukurirana pamusoro pehutongi hwePalestina. Ichi chiitiko chine pfuma inokosha muhupenyu hwaFrancis Fukuyama, nokuti uri wehutungamiri hwaReagan, uye zvakare George Bush Sr., zvakasimudza simba rake, izvo zvakamupa mikana yakawanda yekutevera.

Mabasa ezvesayenzi nemabhuku

Munzvimbo dzipi dzakakurumbira uye dzakakurumbira dzakasashandira Francis Fukuyama. Nhoroondo shomanana yemakore makumi maviri ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake inoti panguva iyi akazokwanisa kushanyira sachigaro wepurofesa weJohn Hopkins School of Public Policy. Akavewo nechinzvimbo chepamusoro purogiramu yezvematongerwe enyika paSchool of Advanced International Studies paYunivhesiti yeRule. Kubva muna 2012, akazova mushandi weIndaneti yeInternational Studies yeFraneman Spolya yeStanford University, uko iyewo ari nyanzvi muCent for Democracy, Development and Law. Uye iyi haisi iyo yose mazita emasangano ayo Fukuyama aive nawo nokuda kwehukuru hwake. Zvisinei, kubwinya kwechokwadi kwakaunzwa kwaari nekudhindwa kwebhuku rinonzi "The End of History uye Munhu Wekupedzisira," zvichibva munyaya yake yesayenzi. Zvose izvi izvi zvakaita kuti pave nehurukuro yakazara yezvinyorwa uye mazano easayendisiti, iyo nguva yekubudiswa kwebasa racho, 1992, - nguva iyo Soviet Union yakanga ichangobva kuwira, yakabatsira zvikuru.

Mamwe mabasa eFrancis haasi akadaro. Mukusununguka kwakasununguka pane zvakawanda zvinyorwa zvinonakidza naFukuyama uye nenyaya dzezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanyorwa nenyanzvi iyi.

Tsvakurudzo yekutanga uye maonero

Kwemakore akawanda ebasa rezvesayenzi, akakwanisa kudzidza zvakananga zvezvinetso zvizhinji zvinoputika nguva dzinoverengeka nguva uye zvikamu zvekugadzirwa kwenyika dzezvematongerwo enyika. Zvinonzwisisika, panguva ino maonero emusayendisiti akasiyana-siyana akachinja. Anonyanya kutarisa nyaya dzekubatana kwenyika dzakawanda, hurongwa hwehurumende uye hurumende dzenguva yedu, pamwe chete nehupfumi hwezvematongerwe enyika. Iye anozivikanwa nehupenzi husina kunyanya uye kukwanisa kufanotaura kuburikidza nekudzidza kwakakwana kwezvakatema uye zvinotarisirwa zvezvimwe zviitiko mumatunhu.

Pamusana pezvakaitika zvebasa munyika, pane zvisingamboiti nyika umo Francis Fukuyama asina kushanyira. Mufananidzo wacho pamusoro apa wakagadzirwa naye paaigara muSydney, uye hupamhi hwemifananidzo yacho hunoratidza kuti sainzi ane chimwe chinhu chinokuvaraidza, chisingazivikanwi zvikuru. Muenzaniso waFukuyama unofanirwa kutevedzwa, nokuti kazhinji hapana munhu anogona kubudirira kuzviona ivo pachavo mundima yavo yavanofarira uye usakanganwa nezvekuita zvinhu.