Ndivo nemaape varume? Lifestyle, maitiro uye-shanduka ekare vanhu

Long-rokuti shanduka kwevanhu kwaita kuti chokwadi kuti murume ano akauya itsva Danho nhoroondo yacho. Achienzanisa subspecies kwevanhu ano ugere Earth wokutanga, unogona mushamiswe dzimwe nzira kuitwa uye sei kwave kubudirira, imwe duku, nokuti nhoroondo nguva.

The chidzoke rokuti

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo kuti ndiani ari nemaape varume, vanofanira kuva zviri nani rokuti pachayo. Zvakange yakagadzirwa muna XIX remakore kubudikidza Ernst Haeckel. nguva izwi vaiva munguva zvesayenzi apo kwakanga kusina vazhinji Zvisaririra anowana, izvo zvinogona kupa uwane uye chaiwo zvechadenga okutanga vanhu. Asi kunyange ipapo, masayendisiti zvishoma nezvishoma vakasvika pakugumisa kuti munhu - tateguru-refu yakatotsakatika mhuka. Haeckel akasarudza kundorondedzera tateguru dzevanhu, asi aitofanira neimwe nzira kuzodana. Akasarudza nokubatanidza mashoko "murume" uye "Tsoko", kujekesa chii chinorehwa pamuchinjikwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti musayendisiti ichi German akaomerera kuti madzitateguru anofanira kutsvaka zasi-nechokumabvazuva Asia.

Kusimbiswa Ernsta Gekkelya dzidziso

Ernst Haeckel zvakanaka. Mashoko ake vakakwanisa kusimbisa uye kuratidza Dutch musayendisiti Ezhen Dyubua. Akaenda rwendo nesayenzi kuti anezvimiti pamusoro Indonesia kuwana pakati chaizvo kubatana unobatanidza murume uye tsoko. Mana makore ake mukutsvaga yokutanga yakanga kubudirira, zvisinei, pfuma akanyemwerera pamusoro pake, zvakare. Iye akawana dehenya, chiuno pfupa uye vaviri molars musi Eva chitsuwa. Chisikwa, uyo anoramba awana, anosanganisa ehupfumi zvose murume uye chimupanze. Dubois akasarudza zita rake kuwana woga - chimupanze erectus.

Pashure paizvozvo, nyika masayendisiti vakapemberera kukunda kwake. zhinji nzendo dzakarongwa kuchitsuwa Evha, apo masayendisiti akawana dzasara vakuru vanenge 20. Sezvo rokupedzisira remakore, masayendisiti vanogara atarisana namafupa Pithecanthropus yose.

The akagadzirwa Zvakawanikwa kubudikidza ndima ndohwavo Africa. Izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo vakawanda dzasara nemaape murume makawanikwa. Muna 1955, munyika Algeria, nhindi Nemadehenya uye shaya hominid kuwanikwa, waiva kwazvo nowenyika Pithecanthropus. munhu Twiza, nzou, imwe chipembere: ne mhuka iyi mapfupa zvakawanikwa. Zvinofadza kuti sezvo ibwe maturusi dzawanikwa.

ndivo nemaape varume?

Pithecanthropus shoko kubva mutauro wechiGiriki uye manyowa mukati hurongwa maviri rinoreva "murume" uye "tsoko". A fanano rokuti ndiye okuti "Java murume". Saka ndivanaani nemaape varume? Pithecanthropus - a subspecies pavanhu, iye, maererano nedzimwe pfungwa, akaziva chinhu ari pakati Australopithecus uye Neanderthals mune shanduka akamboona. Masayendisiti yaifungidzira kwekanguva ariko ichi mhando yevanhu vari makore mamiriyoni 1,7.

Nyanzvi Modern funga ichi subspecies yevanhu sezvo yomunharaunda yaitsiva Homo erectus, riri pamusoro munharaunda South-East Asia. Izvi subspecies hahusi muchiedza yepakarepo madzitateguru murume ano.

Turkana Boy

Turkan - wakanaka nyanza, riri muKenya. Munzvimbo iyi, taitakura kunze pamwero mukuru Zvakafukunurwa muna 1968 pasi pokudzora Richarda Liki. Muna 1984, kumadokero kumhenderekedzo kwegungwa akapa nyika yakasiyana muenzaniso musayendisiti - apa mukomana anenge makore 12 okuberekwa. It Vakawana kuti mukomana akararama anenge 1 mamiriyoni 600 zviuru zvemakore akapfuura! Skull uye mapfupa rushaya akafanana pfupa nemamiriro Neanderthals, asi vamwe mapfupa vaiva vaya ano munhu. Sezvineiwo, kukura kwake kwakanga 170 cm uye izvi pasinei nokuti makore nemakore 12!

East Lake Turkana rakafadza birches masayendisiti anowana Pithecanthropus. Muna 1982, nokuda vazhinji akawana anoramba Pithecanthropus, akasunungurwa chitambi chetsamba yavo mufananidzo.

Found pose

Pithecanthropus - ane vanhu vekare vakanga vasara zvisaririra dzavo kuvapo pasi pose. Europe zvakare unozvikudza dzinoverengeka zvakawanwa. Masayendisiti akawana rezasi shaya, izvo zvichida kuva muduku uye simba murume. Nakhodka akaita pedyo Heidelberg, Germany. Nezviyero zvose, kuwanikwa ichi kwave rakava pakati anowana ari zvasara Pithecanthropus. MuHungary, hombe occipital mapfupa kuwanikwa muna 1965, idzo raiva Pithecanthropus. Nice (France), masayendisiti akawana Pithecanthropus paki rose anonzi Terra Amata. vakawanikwapo guru panogara vekare vanhu. Ivo yaiva nemapazi, izvo akazorora pamusoro simba mbiru, akafukidza ganda. Dzimba dzaiva dzakakura kwazvo, uye yakasvika mamita 15 pakureba uye 5 metres upamhi. Inside kumba anogona kuwanikwa zvasara hearths vave vakaisa kubva dzakasiyana-siyana nematombo. Zviya, ichi kuwanikwa ndiyo tanga uchapupu kuti vanhu vekare vaiziva sei kugadzirisa moto. Pakazosvika nguva kwezuva ariko ichi mhando moto vaishandisa kwose. Zvichida ichi kukanganiswa mamiriro shanduko yakananga kutonhora.

Kana sehofisi cheni, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti wekutanga nemaape varume vaigara Africa anenge mamiriyoni 1,7 akapfuura. Pakutanga havana kuda kusiya misha yavo, asi makore anenge 1, 2 mamiriyoni, vari kushingaira kutamira munharaunda Eurasia. Zvakanga chete anenge 700 000 apfuura Pithecanthropus akashanyira Europe.

chitarisiko

Neanderthal Pithecanthropus akanga kuwedzera kupfuura 1.5 m. Kufanana murume ano, Pithecanthropus akafamba makumbo maviri, asi nokuda yezvakaita marangwanda ari mamiriro ayo gait vakafanana "waddling". Kana tinofunga zvinonyatsorehwa nemamiriro, vekare vanhu ava subspecies kwazvo zvakafanana murume ano pamwe Kusara dehenya mapfupa, izvo zvichachengetwawo vakawanda zvekare zvinhu: a ikaramba ichiserera huma, hombe yakaderera rushaya, mazino makuru, yakabudikira nevagari vayo. Nokuti chokuti chirebvu protrusion isina dzakaonekwa zvinofungirwa kuti aisagona kutaura, asi aikwanisa mitinhimira uye kukurukura kuburikidza navo. Uyewo yekudyidzana kuoma zvikuru nemamiriro uropi zvichienzaniswa yapfuura maonero. Australopithecus Pithecanthropus akanga nokukurumidza kutanga uropi, kunyange zvazvo vamwe musoro nharaunda rakakura vanoiswa.

Labor Pithecanthropes

Australopithecus, Neanderthal Pithecanthropus - vane mumiririri rekare vanhu, asi rakavapo pane imwe nguva, uye vakaita mberi zvakasiyana. Pithecanthropus runoonekwa kuva pedyo akaita parameters vanhu ano pane vamwe vaviri subspecies.

Pithecanthropes kuita Chinyorwa demo - chimedu romusarasara izvo chipped of kumativi maviri uye mafungu uye hombe chiridzwa. Kureba masendimita anenge 20 uye pakurema kwayo ndiko 0.5 makirogiramu. Demo rakanyatsojeka verengeka chimiro, kushanda rutivi uye tibate zvakanaka vakaparadzana. Kuwana demo, zvakaoma kuvhiringidza pamwe zvatinosiita ibwe kujairika chimiro, izvo kwese vazhinji zviridzwa zvimwe subspecies vekare vanhu. Ndicho huchashandiswa vanowanzobatwa kuwanikwa mumisha Pithecanthropus, asi haisi chete. Vakawana borers (kubaya chinhu) uye scrapers (nokuti kushanda huni uye mapfupa) kubva rakaoma. Vanotsanangurawo kuti emapuranga zvishandiso, izvo, zvisinei, taita zvichengetedzwe nanhasi nemhaka dzinongoitika zvivako huni. Zvisinei, maturusi parumananzombe peat rukoko akanga akachengetedzwa zvakakwana kudzidza navo.

MuGermany, yew there pfumo Pithecanthropus rakawanikwa iyo yakanyorerwa nzou kuuraya. Kureba chokushandisa uyu 215 cm pamwe unopinza magumo kupatsanurwa kuti nani moto nemishonga. Sezvo netsvakurudzo kuti nechepakati regiravhiti iri munzvimbo dzakaderera chikamu chokushandisa, zvino isu akarishandisa, zvichida sezvo yepamusoro, pane kukanda mudziyo. Uyewo, kakawanda masayendisiti kuwana makirabhu uye DIGGERS akashandiswa muupenyu.

upenyu Pithecanthropus

upenyu Ancient hwomunhu akanga nyore, vanhuwo uye chinyakare, asi ngozi chaizvo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti izvi madzitateguru evanhu vaigara mumisha. Ivo akasika chinhu chakafanana mhuri, asi musha wavo akakura vanoti kuti mhuri akasiyana ano. The imba akararama zvizvarwa akawanda kwemakore akawanda. Muchiitiko chino, chaiyo weboka chokwadi ndiani ane mumwe akanga asiri. Chokwadi, kana mumwe munhu ari tichidzivirira mukadzi wake uye akaratidza hasha, haisati rwandibata.

Pithecanthropus vane mufananidzo Life chaiva yakasarira, asi aiziva kuvhima uye kubereka dzavo zvokudya uye mhuri. vanhu zvekare zvakabudisa zvishandiso avabatsire kuuraya makuru uye simba vamiririri mhuka nyika. Vazhinji upenyu hono mumiriri Pithecanthropes wakaitwa kuti kuvhima. Vakadzi vakagara dzinochengeterwa, isu akagara pamwe nevana, kugadzirira mushonga kubata vavhimi pavaidzokera.

Zvinofungwa masayendisiti ano

To musi, masayendisiti havafariri kuti zvechokwadi vanoziva nemaape murume tateguru vanhu ano. Nokuti musayendisiti kwenyika, ichi subspecies kwevanhu nyayawo asi vakatanga boka revanhu vane uchitombori kurarama kuona chidzoke vanhu vokutanga ano.

Kunyange zvakadaro, kutsvakurudza uye Zvakafukunurwa mberi, uye kuwanikwe kuti chinhu chitsva kuti achasimbisa kana agodzivisa pfungwa nevatsvakurudzi vanhasi.

Achiratidza, zvinokosha kuziva kuti Pithecanthropus vane Photo anogona kuwanikwa mubhuku renhoroondo, waiva baba murume. Asi zvinokosha kunzwisisa kuti tateguru dzevanhu ano achinyepera, akanga kure. Pithecanthropus aingova murevereri, vakatora kwayo kwenguva niche uye vakava maererano okuti kwezvakatipoteredza uye yavo zvavanoda. Zvinonzwisiswa kuti zvakawanwa dzinoitwa anenge ose gore, saka hauzivi kuti tichava mune ramangwana chinozivikanwa pamusoro vakanga nemaape varume, uye sei richachinja kunzwisisa kwedu madzitateguru evanhu.