Dmitri Mendeleev: dzinonakidza chokwadi kubva paupenyu musayendisiti Russian

Periodic Mutemo zvine maatomu akafanana - chinokosha zvakawanikwa, naro chakatongopinda nhoroondo Dmitri Mendeleev. Interesting zvinhu paupenyu musayendisiti kubvumira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro ichi chisinganzwisisike munhu, dawo ayo zvakavanzika. Chii chinozivikanwa nezvake pasina chii abatsira zvikuru zvaakaita kuti kukura nesayenzi?

Mendeleev: dzinonakidza zvinhu

kemisiti Great akaberekwa muna Tobolsk, zvakaitika muna February 1834. Chokwadi, zvikuru izvo mhuri akaberekwa Dmitry Mendeleev. Interesting zvinhu paupenyu yakakurumbira murume sayenzi kunoratidza kuti anobva mumhuri yakakura, aiva mwana nemanomwe nevabereki vake. Zvinosuruvarisa, vana vasere vakafa vava nemakore anenge rimwe gore, asi vamwe akapona.

Dmitry havana kumbowana nguva yokupemberera regumi namatatu rokuzvarwa, apo mhuri varasikirwa pakuriritira mhuri yayo. The baba, uyo akashanda se mukuru Tobolsk jimunasiyamu, akafa nechirwere chakakomba. mai Mendeleev vake vaifanira kushanda nesimba kurera vana patsoka dzavo. Zvakanga iye vaitarisira kuti musayendisiti guru rinouya akava mudzidzi mukuru Main Pedagogical Institute, iro pashure Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Saint Petersburg State University.

Kubva vakundwa - a medalist

Zvinoshamisa, apo kudzidza kuchikoro hauna ruoko kuti zivo Dmitri Mendeleev. Interesting zvinhu paupenyu musayendisiti, uye anosanganisira mashoko pamusoro zvisakanganisa kubudirira ake chikoro. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chinonyanya zvakamuomera kupiwa mutemo waMwari, uye Latin, haana kukonzera iye kufarira uye sayenzi vamwe.

Akachengetedzawo mashoko kuti Mendeleev vaiva nedambudziko kudzidza uye panguva akanga ari mudzidzi panguva Main Pedagogical Institute. Zvinozivikanwa kunyange musayendisiti kamwe penya aiva pakati repeaters sezvo vakagamuchira kusingagutsi mavanga nyaya dzakawanda. Akabva aiva terrific masvomhu chete. Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma, aiva nenyota zivo, iye chaibatanidzwa kudzidza, mwero iri nani uye nani, saka kuti menduru yegoridhe yakanga paakavapa kwaari kusunungurwa.

okutuka mudzidzisi

Kwete chete kuva musayendisiti kunoshamisa, asi mudzidzisi wakanaka aiva Dmitri Mendeleev. Interesting zvinhu kubva upenyu shasha vanoti kuti aiva nomukana kudzidzisa muzvikoro zvakawanda. Makore anenge 30 vakapa kemisiti kushanda panguva Imperial St. Petersburg University, iyo siya iye akaita risingafadzi kunetsana.

Hunhu Zvinovheneka nesayenzi zvakaoma zvakakwana, kana uchitenda netsamba vakararama panguva. Hazvishamisi, aifanira kusiya yunivhesiti muna 1890. Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvakaitika izvi pamusana vakapopotedzana neGurukota Education. Minister Delianov Vakasatenderana kuteerera vadzidzi 'chikumbiro, chii vasingagoni kutakura vanozvikudza Mendeleev.

"Muvambi" kuti vodka

Masayendisiti zhinji ndiye zvakawanikwa yavakanga kumbopara. Not vakakwanisa kudzivisa izvi zvaitika uye Mendeleev Dmitriy Ivanovich, zvinonakidza zvinhu zvoupenyu izvo munyaya ino. Paiva hwakapararira Manyepo kuti Scientist ichi vakakurumbira ndiye vakatanga vodka.

Kutaura zvazviri, vodka akasikwa refu ari kupenya musayendisiti asati akapa doctorate chinyorwa chake, iyo vanoda "Nhaurirano iri kubatana nemvura doro." Zvinozivikanwa kuti harina chero anotaura doro. In bepa iri isu funga ehupfumi kuti musanganiswa nemvura doro. With vodka sezvo vagari Russia vakasangana muna 1843, apo kwayo "muvambi" yekuita yakanga isati gumi nemakore. Somugumisiro, hapana Mendeleev ine kwete.

zvekufungidzira hope

Ko chipo murume akarota ane tafura kuti akamuita yakakurumbira? zviroto zvouprofita uye kumboona Mendeleev Dmitriy Ivanovich, zvinonakidza zvinhu paupenyu iyo aunganidzwa munyaya ino. Zvinozivikanwa kuti musayendisiti akagumbuka paakanzwa ngano kuti periodic patafura okunze akarota. Akati iye akanga achishandisa ayo kukura kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi maviri, kwete kurota, saka, mashoko akadaro deredza basa rake.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti mutemo nguva nenguva rakaonekwa pedyo Dmitry muna February 1869. Zvino kana munhu anokudzwa kemisiti zvaiitika bhizimisi rwendo. Panguva iyoyo ndakayeuka kuti pakati makemikari zvivako uye vakawanda pane kubatana. Vakaronga rwendo raifanira kumbosiyiwa, sezvo Mendeleev akaenda kushanda musoro wake.

chechienzi chitandadzo

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinhu paupenyu Mendeleev? Muchidimbu, uye chakakodzera ndichizivisa anoshamisa chitandadzo, izvo kwemakore akawanda wakayeriswa nguva yakawanda, kwakajeka kemisiti. Dmitry chido, iro nhasi zvishoma zvinozivikanwa, aiva zvaAtemisi mukwende. Zvinoshamisa, muMoscow uye St. Petersburg, akakwanisa kuwana mukurumbira sezvo zvikuru tenzi masutukezi Affairs.

Chokwadi, vatengesi akafara kuzonzi musayendisiti mabhegi, vanozvikudza kuti zvigadzirwa vakatengwa pedyo ezvokuvhenekesa nesayenzi. Zvisinei, kwete chete nokubwinya, izvo kare ainakidzwa Dmitry, vakamanikidzwa kuti vauye kwaari. Zvinofadza kuti zvechokwadi zvinhu zvaiva refu yepamusoro uye yakasimba. simba ravo achirova akanga nechokwadi chaiwo guruu musanganiswa, umo shasha vaadzivira shure tsvakurudzo dzimwe chisikwa guruu resipi. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti tikundikane yakagadzirwa Mendeleev, uye akaramba ari chakavanzika zvizvarwa zvaizotevera, sezvo akanga asingadi kuti paruzhinji.

Tinozivawo kuti musayendisiti matarenda nomufaro akanga achiparidza akasungwa bhuku, uye aida kuti micheto yekapepa katsva aka puranga, dzaizopiwa Portraits. Zvinhu zvakamubatsira kufaranuka uye kutora uzorore basa.

Award, izvo haana

Very chinoshamisa kuti Nobel Prize haana kukwanisa kuva Di Mendeleev, vanonakidza zvinhu zvoupenyu izvo zvinosimbisa nesu. It Vakawana kuti kemisiti mukuru, aiva mumwe nominees matatu. Zvisinei, mune muchivande nokuvhota, rakanga kuitwa nhengo Imperial Academy of Sciences, candidacy yake kunoramba kunyura, musayendisiti nominated chete na vatorwa.

Biographers kuongorora basa yakakurumbira kemisiti, vanoti kusanzwisisa ichi pamwe anonyengera avavengi, uyewo kutadza kwake kufadza vakuru vake simba.

Ichibhururuka pamusoro chibharuma

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinonakidza zvine chokuita noupenyu uye basa Mendeleyev? Zvinozivikanwa kuti kupenya musayendisiti akashanda magadzirirwe ndege kwemakore akawanda. vaida Saka ongorora kemisiti mwando, kumanikidzwa netembiricha yokumusoro ratinoona akaturikidzana. stratospheric chibharuma chirongwa, vane bhuku totaled 3.600 cubic metres, ndiye akasika Nana muna 1875. Ndiyewo akanyora pfungwa kudzorwa chibharuma pamwe injini.

Sezvineiwo, masayendisiti kwete chete kuva zvirongwa asiwo kufara kubhururuka pamusoro Balloons, pasina kufunga nezvengozi kuna hwake. Nokuti nguva yokutanga izvi muna 1878, ndipo Mendeleev akatora kuti mhepo iri chibharuma Anri Zhiffara. The ndege itsva, akaita makore mapfumbamwe Papera muguta Klina. Zvisinei, muna zvikuru uchinzvera kemisiti akasarudza muna 1887, apo oga akakwira "Russian" mhepo inopisa chibharuma mudenga. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pakakwirira kutiza bhora raiva mamita apo pamusoro zviuru zvitatu.

Kazhinji, munhu uchinzvera ngozi maawa anenge matatu, waiva zvakakwana kuna Dmitry kuyemura kuora kwezuva, uye zvakanyorwa kumanikidza uye tembiricha.

Scientist-musori uye isina chiutsi upfu

Chiizve kuziva vaverengi uyo akatora ari Biography pakati Mendeleev, dzinonakidza zvinhu kubva upenyu kupenya kemisiti, ane zita iri nokusingaperi rabva munhoroondo nesayenzi? vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti Dmitry mukana kuedza pamusoro basa maindasitiri uye shora. Zvino 1890 apo hurumende akatendeukira musayendisiti rubatsiro. Hurumende aifarira yokubika yakanyatsovanzwa kusika isina chiutsi upfu, mutengo yakawandisa kuwana nayo.

Mendeleev akatanga kuita basa kugamuchira, nokuti izvo zvaaida mishumo njanji dzimwe nyika (France, Germany, Britain). Unyanzvi kemisiti haana kuoma kukanganisika kuti tikundikane pamusoro gunpowder, akabva aita kuti Russia. Terrific kuti makanyatsovanzira vatorwa Dmitry mashoko nyore kuwana kubva nemishumo, zvinova pachena kuwanika.

The Mapaipi nokuti kupomba mafuta

Chokwadi, pamusoro apa mazita ari kure zvose zvinofadza maidi pamusoro Mendeleev - the matarenda muvambi periodic table. Hazvina chakavanzika kuti kemisiti ndiye munyori dzidziso inorganic kwakabva mafuta. Dmitry yakazokudziridzwa Zano raro fractional DISTILLATION. The musayendisiti aiva munhu akasvika pakugumisa kuti hazvibviri kupisa mafuta yamavira yokutanga.

Zviri kuburikidza basa Mendeleev varidzi makambani mafuta vakadzidza kuti nokuda chokufambisa pakati Matangi mafuta anofanira kushandiswa pachinzvimbo matehwe, sezvo yaiva tsika. Izvi chinogombedzera Nhamba zvichibvira Dmitry kuratidza zvakajeka kubatsira hombe chokufambisa mafuta. Uyewo, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kuvaka miti ribude ipapo, apo inzvimbo kudyiwa epetroleum zvigadzirwa.

Chemical chaikosha zita vanomutevera

10 dzinonakidza zvinhu paupenyu Mendeleyev anogona kuwanikwa kumusoro. Zvisinei, mazita haana kuva kwakakwana pasina kutaura mendelevium. Chemical chinhu periodic table riri No. 101, akagamuchira zita rayo vachikudza Musiki wayo, uyo chakakodzera akahwina kukudzwa uku. Mendelevium akanga artificially akasikwa 1955.

Zvinofadza kuti kunyange kukura kwayo nguva nenguva ezvinhu Sayenzi dzinounzwa zvisina masero kuti vave zvakachengeterwa kwavari zvinhu akanga asati yakawanikwa nemasayendisiti. Zvadaro, makemikari uye mumuviri zvivako zviri zvinhu izvi vakanga vakatsunga kushandisa tafura periodicity.

Chiizve unofanira kuziva

Kuva pfungwa zvakaitika muupenyu musayendisiti, unogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti munhu worudzii wakanga Dmitri Mendeleev. Interesting chokwadi, muchidimbu anotsanangurwa munyaya, iva nechokwadi kuti kukubatsira kunzwisisa izvi. Unogona kuwedzera zvakawanda uye kuti mufananidzo yakakurumbira musayendisiti rakanyorwa zhinji matarenda Artists. Somuenzaniso, mufananidzo wake rabva kanivhasi shasha Ilya Repin.

Chimwe dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti mufananidzo Aifarira pachake Mendeleev, asi vakasarudza kutsoropodza mufananidzo womumwe, asi regai kunyora ravo. Uyewo, vamwe akasununguka nguva, unyanzvi musayendisiti akazvitsaurira mumhanzi zvidzidzo, kunyanya ake basa zvinoyemurwa pamusoro Beethoven Zvisinei, vaiva naye uye nevamwe chaanofarira Vanyori.