Nzira yekuita sei hutano hweHTTPS? Ndeupi musiyano pakati pemasayiti eHTTPS kana HTTP?

Munyika yepasi rese, vanonyadzisa uye vanotya zuva nezuva vanoedza kubira ruzivo rwemunhu. Mukare, nzira yakakurumbira yekubvuta kwaive inonzi fishing. Munhu anorwisa anotsiva nzvimbo yepakutanga, uye data kubva kumushandi inowira mumaoko ake (passwords, nhamba dzemakadhi, mharidzo yega, nezvimwewo). Kuti tigadzirise dambudziko iri, takasimbisa hutano hweHTTPS hwakachengeteka. Saka, vatariri vemaiti vanowanzoshushikana nezvekugadzira nekugadzirisa sekuchengetedzwa kweH https.

Chii chinonzi HTTPS uye nei chinodiwa ?

Usati washandura shanduro kune hutano hweHTTPS, unofanira kunzwisisa kuti chii uye kuti chinoshanda sei. HTTPS ishanduro yakachengeteka yeHTTP protocol (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), iyo inotumira data yakakodzera yekushanda kwemapeji (zita rekushandura, kuronga kwechiso, kuwanikwa kwekiki, nezvimwewo).

HTTP inoshandiswa nevatadzi kutumira uye kugamuchira zvimwe zvinoshandiswa, pasina iyi protocol, masayiti haakwanisi kushanda. Mafaira ose anotapudzwa kuburikidza neHTTP, aigona kutambirwa nyore nyore achishandisa nzvimbo yakaipa (phishing).

Nenzira iyi passwords mabhuku, logins, nhamba dzekadhi, mashoko evanze uye mamwe mashoko anokosha akambobiwa. Kuti dzidzivirire vashandisi kubva kuhupenzi, zvipupuriro zveSSSL zvakagadzirwa uye kutendeseka kwavo kuongororwa kusati kugoverana kwemashoko kwakatanga.

HTTPS inofanira kushandiswa panzvimbo dzebhangi kana pazvitoro zvepaIndaneti. Kana izvi zvisingashandisi chidimbu chedhijiti, shanduro yacho haingabvumi kuwirirana, uye nyevero pamusoro pengozi icharatidzwa. Somugumisiro, nzvimbo yacho icharasikirwa nechivimbo chevashandi vayo.

Chii chinonzi SSL / TLS certificate?

Icho chikuru chiripo muHTTPS inoshandiswa kushandiswa kwechidimbu cheSSSL chiiti. Iyi ndiyo faira iyo iyo mashoko ose akachengetwa (IP address ye server, nyika yepaiti, e-mail yemuridzi, etc.). Dhidhiyo yedhidhiyo yakavharidzirwa pane sepaiti yepaiti uye pane vheti yevashandi vepachivande (GoDaddy, Comodo, nezvimwewo). Nekubatana kwega kwega, mafaira aya anoenzaniswa, uye kana akafanana, hukama hunoenderera mberi. Kana zvisina kudaro, nyevero yekudzivirira inowanikwa.

Vaverengi vakawanda havazivi kuti vangagadzira sei chivimbo chekuchengetedza https. Danho rekutanga nderokuwana chechi SSL kubva kunzvimbo inovimbwa. Kune marudzi akasiyana emagwaro aya:

• DV - chete nzvimbo yakasimbiswa (kwemasiti maduku nemabloggi).
• OV - chiremera uye sangano zvakarongedzwa.
• EV - cheketi yakawedzerwa (bhara yebhari uye kivha mumushanduri ichaonekwa).

Iyo inonyanya kufanirwa kune mabhizinesi uye mabhangi ndiyo EV yekusarudza. Zvakare kune zvimwe zvinyorwa zvomufomu:

• SGC (inotsigira vhemberi vekare).
• Wildcard (subdomain kutsigira).
• SAN (alternative domains mune imwe chiiti).
• IDN (rubatsiro rwemadunhu enyika www).

Kune nzvimbo dzakawanda, zvakakwana kushandisa DV SSL chiiti. Inotengeswa uye inochengetedza kudzivirirwa kubva kunehupfumi.

Shanduro yekushandura nzvimbo kunzvimbo yakachengeteka

Vanowedzera, mabhizinesi emabhizinesi epaIndaneti vanofarira nzira yekugadzira seH https yehutano. Nokuda kwezviito izvi, iwe unofanirwa kuita zvimwe zvigadziro kune kode yemapeji. Chinyanya kukosha ndeyokunyora mutemo unowanikwa mune .htaccess file. Iyo inochengeta code yekugadzirisa web server yeApache.

Mazhinji webhosts anokubvumira kugadzirisa SSL chiiti chevhavha kuburikidza ne control panel. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pokuti ungaita sei izvi, taura nemupiki wako webasa. Zvose zvinoshandiswa pakushandurwa kwepawebsite zvinogona kugoverwa mumatanho anotevera:

1. Kuwana SSL chiiti.
2. Kuisa chikwangwani pane sevha.
3. Kuchinja kwemukati mazano ewebsite.
4. Kugadzira redirect kuchiteshi 301.
5. Shandisa Mauto ku robots.txt.

Kana ukashandisa kubhadhara kubhadhara kwekuberekwa kwerudzi, taura nebasa rekusimbisa rine chiiti, uye zvimwe zviito zvese zvichaitwa nevashandi vebasa. Nhanho yakaoma zvikuru pakupindura mubvunzo wekuita sei https connection kunogadziridza redirect .htaccess, sezvo magwaro akawanda asingabatsiri.

Kuwana chikwangwani uye kuchiisa pavhavha

Nechepfungwa, takafunga kuti tingaita sei chikwata cheH https, regai tiende kune zviito. Nhanho yekutanga ndeyekutora SSL certificate kubva kune imwe nzvimbo dzakaedzwa. PaIndaneti, unogona kuwana mikana yakasiyana-siyana mumutengo wakasiyana wemari. Panguva ino yemazuva ano, kuwana rugwaro rwakasununguka, pane 2 nzvimbo:

• WoSign.
• Startssl.

Mimwe mibairo inoda kubhadhara. Mari yacho inobva kune rudzi rwechikwereti uye zvimwe zvayo zvinowanikwa (multi-domain, support for old browsers, etc.). Certification Centers:

• Reg.ru
• Godaddy.
• Hostland.
• Symantec.
• Comodo.
• GlobalSign.
• Thawte.

Mukuwedzera, vamwe vanopa mauto vanopa avo vanoshandisa SSL zvitifiketi pavanotenga imwe hurongwa hwemari. Nzvimbo yezitifiketi inoenderana nezviito zvakakosha. Asi iyo yose nzira inosanganisira zvikamu zvinotevera:

• Kuza chikumbiro che CSR;
• Kuzadza tsamba yepaiti (admin @ [nzvimbo yekero]);
• Kuzadza ruzivo pamusoro pomwene weharaunda (yeEV uye yeVV document).

Chikumbiro cheCSR chinosanganisira data yakawanda yekusimbisa (zita remasita, sangano, guta, province, nyika). Mushure mekunge mazadza ruzivo, mushandisi anogamuchira zvinyorwa 2 (zvakavanzika key uye CSR code), iva nechokwadi chokuti unovaponesa mune imwe gwaro rakasiyana. Tumira ikhodi iyi kuti ugamuchire chechi SSL uye woiririra kuti ibudiswe kubva pakati.

Iye zvino enda kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza uye uwane "SSL certificate" chikamu kana taura nekutsigirwa. Zvichave zvakakodzera kupa ruzivo pamusoro peKR code, ruzivo rwepachivande uye chiiti. Usakanganwa kubvumira SSL kutsigirwa mubato rekubata.

Nzira yekugadzira https connection pane inoenderera mberi

Mushure mokuisa faira iri pavhareji, unoda kuita mukati mekugadzirwa kwewebsite. Ichava chikonzero chekugadzirisa redirect uye kushandura zvose mukati memo kubva kumhedziso kusvika kune hama.

Iko ndiko, panzvimbo ye http://site.ru/img/bg.png set: //site.ru/img/bg.png.

Zvakakosha kubvisa HTTP kubva mazita emasangano. Kana usina kusava nechokwadi, saka sidza WEB-programmer kana freelancer, achakurumidza kuisimudza. Iwe unogona kutsvaga zvikwiriso kuburikidza nekodheji yekodhi mufaira rimwe nerimwe kana kuwana zveruzivo rose kuburikidza nekutsvaga muPpMyAdmin.

Mushure mekugadzirisa hukama, unofanirwa kutaurira injini yekutsvaga pamusoro pekuchinja. Vhura ma robots.txt faira uye muIndaneti: Isa HTTPS pane HTTP.

Panzvimbo ye http://example.ru, paste: https://example.ru.

Mushure mekushandura faira rekutsvaga, tichagadzirisa zvakananga nzvimbo redirection kubva paHTTP kusvika kuHTTPS. Usati waita chimwe chiito, chengeta kuwanikwa kwewebsite pane prototi yeHTTPS. Kana zviito zvose zvekare zvaitwa zvakanaka, zvikanganiso hazvifaniri kuitika.

Kuti udzokere zvakare kuhutano hwakachengeteka, gadzira iyi script mu .htacess file, mamwe rubatsiro:

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond% {HTTP: X-Kutumirwa-Proto}! Https

RewriteRule ^ https: //% {HTTP_HOST}% {REQUEST_URI} [L, R = 301, NE]

Asi mumatambudziko akawanda nzira iyi haiiti. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu aya, taura nemutungamiri wekugadzirira, achakwanisa kuita zvirongwa zvakanaka. Icho chinotungamira chinotanga mushure mekunge sevha yatangazve, kazhinji mukati maawa makumi maviri nemana.

Mukuwedzera, iwe unoda kuchinja zvirongwa mujecha re webmaster re "Yandex" kana Google. Zvichave zvakakosha munharaunda yekuongororongedza chikamu kuenda kune huru mirati yepeti uye kuisa HTTPS. Mukuwedzera, iwe uchada kutamisa:

• Sitemap.xml;
• URL inobvunzwa;
• Geolocation;
• Shandisai Disawov Tool yeGoogle.

Mushure meizvi, inoramba ichimirira kuguma kweReindexing. Munguva iyi, basa riri panzvimbo ino richaderera, asi ipapo zvose zvichagadzikana.

Nzira yekuita sei https muShokoPress

Mazuva ano mablogi uye zvivako zvinyorwa zvinoshanda paShokoPress, zvinoda kutevera matanho akafanana kuti uwane https (kuwana chiziviso, shandura hukama, nezvimwewo). Asi vane chigadziro chezvigadzirwa-mu plug-ins izvo zvichaita zvose zviito kune muridzi:

• Nyore HTTPS Kuregererwa;
• HTTPS (SSL).

Yokutanga inotsiva zvinyorwa, uye wechipiri inokubvumira kutsanangura chechi SSL. Mukuwedzera, enda kuZvirevo-> Zvose zvechikamu. Pano unofanirwa kuchinja URL uye kutsanangura protocol yeHTTPS. Iva nechokwadi chokuti mapeji ekare anewo hutano hwakachengeteka. Mushure mekushandura hubatanidza, tsvaira zvakare sarudzo uye shandura ma robots.txt faira.

Panofanira kunge kusisina mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti ungaita sei chikwata chechi https pawebsite. Pamusoro pewebhu webhosts, kuti uwane nzira yekuchengetedza, iwe unongoda kunyora kukutsigirwa kweunyanzvi. Vachagadza nyanzvi, uye iye achaita sarudzo.