Chii chikamu muPascal? Kuwedzera, kuverenga uye mienzaniso

Gore roga roga, chido chekugadzira chimiro chirikukura. Parizvino, mitauro inenge gumi yezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa zvakasimba pakunyora magwaro. Kuti kuita kuti kudzidza kwekombiyuta zvirongwa zvibudirire, vadzidzi vepakutanga nevadzidzi vegore rechipiri vanodzidziswa kugadzira ivo pachavo maitiro ekutanga mumutauro wePascal. Nyaya inopiwa inozvipira kushanda div uye mod uye zvimwe zviyero munzvimbo yayo.

Mashoko mashoma pamusoro pePascal

"Pascal" yakasikwa muna 1968-1969 nemusayendisiti akakurumbira Niklaus Wirth, uyo akazopiwa mubayiro weTuring Prize uye "Mushandi wePiyona weKomitambo Technology". Iyo yekupedzisira, nguva pfupi isati isati yasvika, yakabatanidzwa mukusimudzirwa kwemazwi emutauro "Algol-68". Mune imwe nyaya yakabudiswa muna 1970, chinangwa chikuru chebasa rake Wirth chakadana kusikwa kwechishandiso chinobudirira chinoshandisa zvirongwa zvakarongwa uye data.

Pakupedzisira, mutauro we "Pascal" wakakonzera unyanzvi hwekombiyuta yekuziva, kuva imwe yezvinokosha. Uye kusvikira nhasi mumaunivhesiti akawanda anotungamira enyika ino pane zvaro kuti purogiramu yehupfumi iri kudzidziswa.

Chii chinonzi kugovana kwenhamba

Mumathematika, zita iri rinonzwisiswa sekushanda pazvikamu zviviri. Somugumisiro wehuwandu hwekutsvaga kweumwe wavo kune imwe, ndiyo chikamu chose chezvavo. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana:

24: 6 = 4;

100: 3 = 33

55: 6 = 9;

Uye vamwe.

Kuparadzana kwakakwana kunonziwo kutsvaga kusina kukwana quotient.

Cherechedza kuti nekushanda uku, kana chikamu chiri pasi pechinoraramiro, chigumisiro chacho chiri zero.

Isu tinoreva chigumisiro chekuparadzanisa kwese kwea b, se q. Ipapo

Izvi zvinoreva kuti kupatsanurwa kunoitwa mupfungwa inowanzoitika, uye kugoverwa kwekupedzisira kwechigumisiro kusvika kune yakakwana kusvika kune rumwe rutivi.

The div operation muna Pascal

Mune mutauro watinenge tichitarisira, imwe nzvimbo inoshandiswa inopa huwandu hwechikwata-div. MuPascal mutauro wacho, chirevo chezviri kutaurwa pamusoro apa, chichaita se:

Mubvunzo: = a div b.

Kana isu tichitaura pamusoro pemagumisiro, somuenzaniso, = = 50, uye b = 9, ipapo tichava ne q: = 50 div 9. Sekuguma, q ichaenzana ne5.

Kuverenga zvasara

The div operation mu Pascal inowanzodzidza pamwe chete nemodhi. Tisati tawana kuti zvinyorwa izvi zvinorevei, tichaona kuti tingawana sei zvakasara zvehamba.

Zviri pachena, inogona kuwanikwa kushandisa kukosha kwakawanikwa semugumisiro wevanhu vakawanda, iko,

R = a - bx q.

Mamiriro ekushanda muPascal

MuPascal unogona kuwana zvakasara chaizvo. Nokuda kwezvinangwa izvi, bhinary operation mod inopiwa.

Rakanyorwa sezvinotevera:

R = mufananidzo b.

Kana, somuenzaniso, = = 50, uye b = 9, ipapo tine r: = 50 mod 9. Sezvinoita, r ichava 4.

Practical application

Kuwana zvakasara zvekuparadzana (r) zvinoshandiswa mumakombiyuta emakombiyuta uye muterevhizheni. Nekushanda uku, kutarisa uye nhamba dzisingatauri dzinogadzirwa mune zvishoma.

Mutevedzeri wemodhini anoshandiswawo kutarisa kuwanda kwemawanda, kureva, kugovana kwechimwe chiverengero nemumwe nemugumisi wenhamba. Zviri pachena kuti izvi ndezvipi zviviri zvezviyero izvo zvinokonzerwa nekushandisa mod modhini inopa 0.

MuPascal, kuwanda kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunogona kunyorwa nenzira inotevera:

Kana mod b = 0 nyora (a, 'multiple', b).

Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchimhanya purogiramu yacho nemamiriro akanyorwa pamusoro apa, kwe = = 4 uye b = 2, "4 mara 2" icharatidzwa pane chekuona.

Mukuwedzera, iyo mod operator inogona kushandiswa kubudisa chidimbu chekupedzisira che nhamba ye decimal. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa r = mod 10 yekuvaka. Somuenzaniso, murairo r = 37 mod 10 ichabereka chigumisiro 7.

The trunc operator

Pane mumwe mutengesi, waunogona kuwana mhinduro imwechete iyo div mu "Pascal". Iro pamusoro pematanda, iyo inoshanda kwete kungoita nhamba dzose. Icho chinokonzera chigumisiro sechikwata chechikamu chechikamu chiduku. Pamwe pamwe nemutengi we "sarudzo", rimwe chete uye chiitiko chimwe chete chinowanikwa. Ngationei zvakataurwa pane imwe muenzaniso. Ngatitii = = 51, uye b = 9. Zvadaro, semugumisiro wemurairo q: = 51 div 9, tinowana q: = 5, zvichibva pakukomberedza. Kana tikashandisa trunc kumanani akafanana, q: = trunc (51/9) inopa q: = 5, kureva kuti, tine mhinduro imwe chete.

Muenzaniso 1

Chimbofunga kuti ungashandisa sei div uye mod muPascal kuti ugadzirise zvinetso zvinoshanda. Itai kuti zvive zvakafanira kuwana huwandu hwemajairi eenhamba nhamba mbiri. Nzira yekufunga inofanira kunge yakaita seizvi:

• Sezvakaratidzwa pamusoro apa, yekupedzisira kwemajairo mukupinda kwenhamba kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa kwairi uye nhamba yegumi, mod operator;
• Kana iri nhamba yekutanga, ichawanikwa kuburikidza nekutora mod ne div command mu Pascal.

Tichanyora pasi code iyo mumutauro Pascal. Ichaita seizvi:

Purogiramu Sum_2; (Zita rerongwa)

Var Number, Number1, Number2, Sum: integer; (Kuongororwa kwemashanduko uye tsanangudzo yemhando yavo, sewe integer)

Tanga (kutanga kwemuviri wepurogiramu)

Nyora ('Input 2-digit number'); (Kubudisa kune chiso chemashoko okuti "Input Two-digit number")

Verenga (Nhamba); (Inyore nhamba yepakutanga)

Nhamba1: = Nhamba div 10; (Kuverengwa kwejeri rekutanga)

Nhamba2: = Nhamba yemutengo 10; (Kuverengwa kwechipiri chidimbu)

Sum: = Number1 + Number2; (Kuverenga huwandu hwemajeri)

Nyora (Sum); (Kuratidza mugumisiro pahwindo)

Mugumo.

Nokuda kwenhamba 25 chigumisiro chekushandisa purogiramu iyi chichava 7, uye, somuenzaniso, ye 37 - 9.

Muenzaniso 2

Ngatinyorwei kodeti yepurogiramu inotarisa chiyero chemajairi ehamba nhamba nhatu.

Nzira yekuwana nayo nhamba yekupedzisira inonzwisisika. Hazvisi nyore kuverenga yekutanga. Ichazoguma nekushandisa sangano rePascal kusvika nhamba iyi uye kusvika kune zana. Rinosara kuti rione kuti ungawana sei chikamu chechipiri. Kuti uite izvi, unogona kushandisa chivakwa chakaoma kunzwisisa, chinowanikwa nekushandisa div operator kune nhamba yekutanga uye ne10, uye kusvika kumugumo uye kune 10 operator mod.

Ikopi yekuverenga huwandu hwemajeri ehamba nhamba nhatu nhatu ichaita seyiyi:

Purogiramu Sum_3; (Zita rerongwa)

Var Number3, Sum: integer; (Kuongororwa kwemashanduko uye tsanangudzo yemhando yavo, sewe integer)

Tanga (kutanga kwemuviri wepurogiramu)

Nyora ('Inyore nhamba yechiratidzo'); (Mhedzisiro kune chinyorwa chemutsara wokuti "Kuisa Nhamba yechiratidzo")

Verenga (Number3); (Inyore nhamba yepakutanga)

Sum: = Number3 div 100 + Number3 mod 10 + Number3 div 10 mod 10; (Kuverenga kwechiyero)

Nyora ('Sum); (Kuratidza mugumisiro pahwindo)

Mugumo.

Vamwe vanoti

Cherechedza kuti chirongwa chepakati chekuparadzanisa kana chinoshandiswa kune nharo dzakawanda chinopfuurira mberi kwekirasi yavo. Izvi zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nebasa iri muPascal, uyewo kubva kumodhini, iyo inobereka chigumisiro ichocho chikawandawo.

Murairo wekushandiswa kwebhinari yemhando yekuita (i.e, kushanda kwepamabasa maviri) mukutaura kwakaoma kunotsanangurwa nevanonyanya kukoshesa uye vabereki. Mune mamwe mazwi, muhupo hwevabereki, mazwi mukati mavo anotanga kuongororwa nenzira kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Munyaya iyi, maitiro *, /, mod uye div ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kudarika + uye -. Kana pasina mabheji, kutanga, kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi, unofanira kuita zviito nepamusoro pekutanga, uye-ne-uye-.

Iye zvino unoziva kuti div iyo inoshanda sei muPascal inoshandiswa. Iwe unoziva zvakare mikana iyo iyo mod operator inopa, iyo, zvechokwadi, ichakubatsira iwe paunenge uchitenga zvaunoita.