Moneron Island: History uye Water Resources

Mukuedza kufamba-famba munyika yose, tinowanzokanganwa kuti nyika yedu yakanaka sei. Pakati pezvisikwa zveRussia, zvakakosha kushanyira, Moneron ndiyo chitsuwa, chinonzi gem chaiyo yeFar East. Kunaka kunoshamisa kwenzvimbo iyi kunokwezva vatashanyi vazhinji, asi nekuda kwekugara munzvimbo yomuganhu, vanhu vashomanana chete vanogona kuziva chido chavo chekushanyira.

General ruzivo pamusoro pechitsuwa chacho

Moneron chiwi chiri pedyo nemakiromita makumi mana kubva kumaodzanyemba kumadokero kweSakhalin. Iyo yakasiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo iri mukushamwaridzana kusingawanzoki kwemakomo makanaka, maguta matsvuku uye magomba makuru. Nenzira dzakakosha, mbiru huru dzebwe, mabhudzi asingazivikanwi - kona imwe neimwe yemunzvimbo ino inoshamisa inosimbisa kunaka kwayo. Mvura yegungwa pano iri pachena zvokuti iwe unogona nyore nyore kuchengetedza hupenyu hwemvura iri pasi pemvura.

Ichi chitsuwa chiduku, kureba kwakakwana kwema 30 mita mamita. Km, igomba. Nzvimbo yakakwirira ndiyo Mount Staritskogo, inokwira kumusoro kwegungwa kuma 439 m.

Nhoroondo yezvinoitika

Moneron Island yakasimuka panzvimbo yebhuku rinoputika, iro raidzimwa munguva pfupi yapfuura - mamiriyoni maviri emakore akapfuura. Mukuda kwechirevo ichi chinotaura nguva dzose mitauro yakanyanyisa yevava, iyo yakagadzirwa zvinoshamisa mabhesi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ivo vanopesana nekutengeswa kwe columnar basalt.

Mukuwedzera, pamahombekombe echitsuwa chacho, chinoumba matombo, uchawana zviduku zvejasper uye agate. Zvinotendwa kuti vakaramba vachibva kumatombo emakomo akaparadzwa kare. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, unogona kuona matombo maduku achibuda kunze kwemvura yakagadzirirwa-kekury.

Pamusana pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, Moneron Island yakanyorwa se "Zvinomwe Zvinoshamisa zveSakhalin". Kune vagari vemo, inoratidzika sekona yekunzwisisika yenyika, inongowanzoitwa pane dzimwe nguva kubva kumhepo yegungwa. NaMoneroon vaisanganisira zvakawanda zvakavanzika uye nhoroondo.

Nhoroondo yechitsuwa chacho

Moneron chiwi chiripo chirimo chayo chairo kwete makore anopfuura mamiriyoni maviri, iyo inonzi inofanana nevechidiki. Yakatanga kutaurwa muzana remakore rechi17, apo samurai yeJapan Murakami Hirononi yakazviona pamapu. Yakanga yakanyorwa naiye pachedu uye inonzi mapepa ekare kare eSakhalin. Uyewo gwaro iri rinozivikanwa se "Mepu yenyika yeShoho era", muna 1644.

Kana vari vekumba, vaiziva nezvekuvapo kwechitsuwa kare kare, asi havana kuisa mune chero magwaro uye vakashandisa chitsuwa ichi sezvimbo yezororo mumugwagwa. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nemasara ekare kare emasayiti evanhu anowanikwa pachiwi. Izvi ndezvipfeko zvekare, zvimedu zveharuoni nemiseve, mapfupa ehove dzakasiyana siyana nemhuka, uyewo anchore, iyo, pasina mubvunzo, yakaunzwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo. Pasinei nouchapupu hwakadaro hwevanhu vanogara pachitsuwa chacho, hapana matanho emisha akawanikwa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti chitsuwa chacho hachina kumbogarwa.

Muzana remakore rechi18, chitsuwa chacho chakawanikwa nevafambisi vechiFrench, avo vakashandisa iyo kumapopu emakungwa eEurope. Kuwanikwa kwacho ndekwechikepe chechiFrench chakakurumbira Jean-Francois deLa Perouse, uyo, paaifamba rwendo-rwese-nyika, akaongorora, kusanganisira Gungwa reJapan. Ndicho chikonzero Moneron chiri chiwi chine zita rechiFrench, rakagamuchira mukukudza komhandisi-mukuruja uyo akabatanidzwa mukufambisa uku.

Inyanzvi Paul Moneron akaedza kutora mapepa anofananidzwa echitsuwa chinonzi zita rake. Asi kwenguva yekutanga mapeji akajeka emunharaunda akaonekwa makore akawanda gare gare. Muna 1867, maRussian hydrographers vakatoti vachatumidza Moneron pamepu yeRussia Empire. Rwendo rwacho rwakatungamirirwa naLieutenant K.S. Staritsky. Mukukudzwa kwake kunonzi nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro yechitsuwa - Mount Staritsky.

Kuchinja kwezvematongerwe enyika kweMoneron

Moneron Island, iyo nhoroondo isinganyanyi kuitika muzviitiko, yaiva yeRussia Empire kwenguva pfupi. Mushure mokunge nyika yacho yakundwa muRussia-Yapan Jondo, akaenderera mberi kune uyo akakunda uye akatumidzwa zita rokuti Kaybato. Moneron yaiva chikamu cheJapan kusvika muna 1945, kusvikira mushure mekuguma kweHondo Yenyika II kwakanga kusina kuchinja kukuru mune zvematongerwo enyika enyika.

Kunyange zvakadaro, panguva iyi iyo chitsuwa chakazogarwa - maJapan akavaka musha wekubata hove, unogarwa nevanhu vanenge 2 000, uyewo wakapa zvivako. Saka pakanga pane migwagwa, pier, lighthouse, nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze uye kunyange nhare yefoni. Mirima minda ine irrigation system, minda yemichero yakagadzirwawo neJapane, iyo yakaitisa zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvekuchera matongo uye zvekugadzirwa kwenharaunda munzvimbo yacho.

Mushure mokunge Moneron zvakare yakava chikamu cheSakhalin nzvimbo yeU.SR, musha weJapan wokurove wakatsiviwa neSoviet dzakawanda. Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, kurarama pano kwaifungidzirwa kusingabatsiri, uye zvakasarudzwa kugovera nzvimbo iyo nzvimbo yeganhu yemuganhu, nekudzivirira zvakanyanya kushanyira.

Mukupera kwema1970, chitsuwa cheMoneron (Sakhalin) chakashanyirwa neva hydrobiologists, avo vakateya nheyo yekutanga yepasitini yepachikepe muRussia.

Island Natural Park

Nokuda kwehupenyu hwahwo hwose, chitsuwa chacho hachina mvumo yenyika nevavakidzani vavakidzani - Japan neSakhalin. Icho chikonzero nekuda kwekuparadzaniswa kwekuti kushamisa kweMoneron kunochengeterwa muhupenyu hwepakutanga.

Pfuma inonyanya kukosha yeyi nzvimbo ndeyezvirimwa zvayo uye zvipenyu zvemvura. Nhamba yekusvinura kwemvura inosvika 30-40 m, uye iyo inobatsira yeTsushima Current, iyo inoita kuti kuwedzerwa kutonhorera kwemahombekombe egungwa kusvika 20 ° C, kunogadzira nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemvura pasi pemvura. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuvepo pano kwevamiririri vashoma vemafungu emvura.

Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadaro zvakashandiswa sechikonzero chekuumba paki yepanyama munharaunda yechitsuwa chacho.

Sangano rekushanyirwa riri pasi pebazi re "Natural Park" "Island of Moneron". Pano iwe uchagoverwa kufamba kwegungwa, kutaridzika kwemvura, kushambadzira vanoda, kufamba kunofadza uye kunoshamisa kwechitsuwa chacho nezvimwewo zvakawanda. Iripo kubva muna 1995, paki yemhuka (Moneron Island) yakakunda vateveri vakawanda vakavimbika vanouya pano gore negore kuti vafare nekunakisa kunakidza kwenzvimbo yacho.

Nature Park Park Mabasa

Heino hutano hwakakurumbira hwekufamba-famba, izvo zvakakamurwa kuva mhando mbiri. Chekutanga chavo chiri pedyo nemhenderekedzo, uye yechipiri ndiyo denderedzwa - kutarisa kune sangano rakagadzirwa nesayenzi. Migwagwa yose inowanikwa uye musipo kwehuwandu hwepanyama. Iwe unongoda chete kuwanikwa kwezvokupfeka zvakakodzera, nokuti mamiriro ekunze haatauriki.

Zvisinei, kana iwe uchida zororo rakanyanyisa, iwe uchatorwa nemugwagwa umo humwe unyanzvi hwekufamba makomo hunodiwa.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekushanyira uku ndiko kushanyira bhiriji revafambisi vezvikepe, rakavakwa nemaJapan panguva yekutora kwechitsuwa chacho. Yakanga yakareba mamita 30, yakafara - 1.5. Bhiriji rinoyambuka gomba rakadzika uye ndiro roga munharaunda yeSakhalin, inongotarisirwa chete kufamba nevanhu vanofamba.

Nzira dzakawanda dzinozivikanwa

"Kumhenderekedzo yekumadokero" - nzira inotangira kuBayguras. Iwe uchafamba zvikuru pedyo nedombo rakajeka reNzira yeKufa, iyo ichinyorwa che geological chezvisikwa. Pamatombo iwe uchaona mushamba weshiri, pamwe chete nematombo eSteller sea veshumba.

Imwe nzira, inonzi "Telephonist's Lodge", inotangira dombo rekare reJapan uye rinotungamirira kuKologers. Nzira yako ichave iri kumhenderekedzo yegungwa parutivi rwegungwa, uko kwaimbova nemusha weJapan. Uyewo iwe uchapfuura dombo rechigunwe.

Paki (Moneron Island) inokupa kushambira nemafuta uye mabheji. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa pedyo neCape yekuchamhembe, iyo iri muBay yeChuprova. Iwe unokwanisa sei kugamuchira maruva emakungwa, ayo iwe uchanonoka kuziva.

Ikoko, pamugwagwa weJapan, nzira yechitatu, "Mayak", inobvawo. Inopfuurira nemitenho iyo inodarika mumhenderekedzo yegungwa rekona, uye inoguma nepamusoro-soro, kubva pane iyo inofanirwa kuburuka kubva pakakwirira mamita makumi maviri pamambo. Nzira yako ichayambuka kune imwe bhutiro yakanakisa yakavakwa nemaJapane, iyo inotakura zita retsvene rokuti "Bridge to Nowhere". Ipapo iwe uchakwira kuimba yekunatsa, pedyo apo kune tsime rine mvura yakachena, yakafuma mumaminerari. Nzira yacho ichapedza pedyo nenzvimbo yeIyo, iri pedyo neEastern Islands. Pano iwe unogona kusununguka nebhaji mumvura yakachena emerald.

Kana iri nzira yegenderedzwa, inotanga mu "ladle", iyo inopera. Iri ndiro zita reChuprova Bay, iro rinotenderera nepamusoro-soro peStaritsky Mountain. Pakati pese kureba kwemugwagwa kune zvikamu zvine mapfumbamwe zvemashoko-mapepa chaiwo. Iyi nzira inoshamisa nekuda kwezvinhu zvayo zvisingaiti zvisikwa. Panzvimbo yepamusoro yegomo iwe unogona kuona kushamisa kwepachiyero panorama yegungwa. Ongororo ichava inenge 50 km. Nzira yose inotora kubva pa6 kusvika paawa 8 paavhareji.

Vanoda zve exotics vanogona kugadzira rwendo rwegungwa nenzira yechipupuriro nemasvingo akasiyana-siyana. Kuburikidza nekusachena kwekristini yemvura yegungwa iwe unogona kunakidzwa nezvose zvepasi pevhu.

Moneron Island iri muTatar Strait inopa varaidzo kune vanofarira vanoita zvekuvaraidza. Vachakwanisa kubhadhara kutakura mvura, kutarisira izvo vane mukana wekuronga nzira yavo pachavo.

Moneron Island: mvura mvura

Pasinei nokuti Moneron ishizha, haasisina mvura yakachena. Mvura zhinji yakakura ndeyeRwizi rweUsova 2.5 km kure uye Rwizi rweMoneron, ruchireba 1.5 km. Chokutanga chazvo chinoyerera ichienda kuchamhembe, imwe-kumaodzanyemba.

Iyo yakasara yemvura yakachena inokonzerwa nekuti kuwedzera kune idzi nzizi huru, kumativi mahombekombe kune mitozi mizhinji yakave yakafanana neV. Miromo yehova yakamanikana uye yakaturika, uye mabhedha ane rapipu yakasimba. Nguva yakasununguka pano inotanga munaDisemba uye inopera kusvika pakutanga kweApril. Uyewo pachitsuwa chacho pane mvura zhinji.

Flora yechitsuwa chacho

Nhamba yezvirimwa zvisingasviki uye zvinopangadza pane zvitsuwa zvinosvika kusvika 37. Panguva imwe chete, 9 yadzo yakanyorwa muBlack Book yeRussian Federation. 26 mhando dzinowanika muRed Data Data Book yeSakhalin Region, uye imwe 32 inorayirwa kuti idzivirire muHarare rose.

Yakawanda yemasango yakatemwa nevaJapan munguva yekutonga kwavo pachitsuwa chacho, uye vakuru veSoviet vakapfuurira nyaya iyi. Nokudaro, miti yakawanda yemiti yakanyangarika, uye kugoverwa nesango kune 20% chete. Pasinei neizvi, simbi yenyika yeMoneron ine zvimwe zvinhu. Saka, pachitsuwa, miti yakare-kare yakachengetedzwa - muAyan spruce.

Zvipfuwo zvechitsuwa chacho

Chinhu chakakosha zvikuru cheMoneron inyika isingawaniki pasi pemvura pasi. Iyi nzvimbo ndiyo imwe chete munyika umo pane galiotis. Iyo Tsushima Current, panzira iyo chitsuwa ichi chiripo, inopa kutonhora kwemvura kusvika kusvika ku20 ° C, uye kushamisa kunoshamisa kwemvura kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuwona vagari vaduku pane vegungwa. Imwe yenharaunda dzekushanyira pasi pemvura iri kupfura. Sezvo wakashanyira chitsuwa cheMoneron, zvifananidzo zvaunoita zvinongokura. Izvo zvichava izvo zvisingawanzwisisiki mune rako rekuunganidza. Maruva emhenderekedzo uye nyenyeredzi, manyowa, mhombe huru, scallops uye marudzi mazhinji ehove zvinopa maonero anofadza pasi pemvura. Mhirizhonga yemararai, iyo inoumba mufananidzo wakajeka , inonakidza vatashanyi vose.

Upfumi hwakadaro hwemambo pasi pemvura hunopa mukana wekuti vose vaite hove. Zvinhu zvakanyanya zvekubata hove zvinoputika, pecheki uye ruff.

Ichokwadi chokuti chitsuwa chacho hachiwanzova chinhu chekushanyira, chinobatsira kuti nyama yegungwa iri pano inomiririrwa muhuwandu hwakawanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti vabati vehove vawane kubata kwakanaka panguva ipi zvayo yekugara kwavo pano. Mukuwedzera, vagari vemo vemvura pasi pemvura havatyi vanhu uye vasingatyi kushambira kumahombekombe, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vaone zvakanaka. Inokurudzirawo kurira nekupfigira zvakanaka.

Moneron Island: mamiriro ekunze

Pasinei nokuti iyo kona iri pane imwe chete neyeKrasnodar resorts, mamiriro okunze apa akasiyana zvachose navo. Kune mhepo ine simba mukati megore rese. Inonyanya kusimba munguva yechando uye zhizha. Kunyange zvakadaro, nokuda kweTsushima Current, mvura iri pano haifaniri kupisa gore rose. Uyewo kune chitsuwa ichi chakanaka.

Mwedzi unotonhora ndeweAugust, kunyange zvazvo zhizha, pane rose, pane kufema. Nguva yechando inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwakanaka. Simba rakasvibira pachitsuwa chacho harisi nyore. Chifukidzo chechando chinoumbwa munaDecember, asi chinosvika pakukwirira kwayo muna March.

Zvakavanzika zvechitsuwa chacho

Izvo zvakaoma kugona kwenzvimbo iyi zvinokonzera nhoroondo zhinji dzakasiyana pamusoro pechitsuwa. Uye kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzisinganzwisisiki kunoita kuti iwe uwane zvinotsanangurwa chaizvo.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakavanzika zvechitsuwa cheMoneron - mazita akawanda emakuva asina zita. Ivo vari musango, pavari panzvimbo yevhu mounds kune hillocks yematombo. Chinyanya kukosha, zviyeuchidzo zvekare neyeredzi nyeredzi zvakagadzirirwa pamakuva. Kusvikira ikozvino, inoramba iri chakavanzika iyo inorara mumakuva awa, chii chakaita kuti rufu, uye kunyanya kukosha, ndiani uye nei vakaviga pano, vachifunga nezvechiwi chisina kugarwa.

Chimwe chakavanzika chechitsuwa ndicho chigadziko chakanyangarika pamhenderekedzo dzayo. Musi waSeptember 1, 1983, chikwata chaiva nevatasvi, vanenge mazana matatu, chakadonhera mumvura pedyo nechitsuwa.Vachizviona vanotaura kuti ndege yacho yaipisa sei, ichiwira mumvura, asi hapana chakawanikwa panzvimbo yechipatara. Hakusi mutsara wegege, uye kwete muviri mumwe wevakafa. Chinhu chisina kujekeswa chinoramba chiripo apo ndege yakawira inowira, uye chii chakawira mumvura pedyo nechitsuwa.

Kunewo dzimwe nhoroondo dzakawanda dzinobatanidza nekuvakwa kwemusha wekurove pachiwi pachitsuwa cheJapan. Kusika kwezvivakwa zvine simba uye zvakaoma pane chimwe chitsuwa chisina kukodzera hupenyu chinoratidzika chisingazivikanwi. Izvi zvakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru pamusoro pechinangwa chakavanzika cheMoneron. Pakati pavo:

• Nhoroondo pamusoro pezvikepe zviduku zveJapan zvakachengetwa mukati memapako;
• Nekuvapo kwechikoro pano, kurovedza kurwisana kushambira - masabata;
• Pakuvakwa kwechitsuwa che leprosarium ichiparadzanisa vanorwara nemaperembudzi.

Hapana yedzidziso idzi dzakatsoropodzwa kana rutivi rweJapan kana rutivi rweRussia. Kunyarara kwakadaro kwakaita kuti kuwedzerwa kubwinya kwenzvimbo yaMereron isingazivikanwi uye inoshamisa.

Nzira yekuenda sei kuchitsuwa

Iyi nzvimbo iri munzvimbo yomuganhu weRussia. Ndosaka zvakakosha kuziva kuti ungasvika seiko. Chiwi cheMoneron hachiwaniki kune vose, sezvo chiri pasi pekudzivirirwa zvakananga kweFSB. Kuti ushanyire nzvimbo ino, unoda kuwana mvumo yepamutemo kubva kumiganhu yemiganhu, iyo iyo pachayo haisi nyore nyore. Asi kunyange kana pane rugwaro rwakakodzera, ramba uri pachitsuwa chacho zvakanyatsogadziriswa uye hazvipfuuri mazuva maviri.

Zvisinei, pasinei nematambudziko ose anoita kuti kushanyira kuchitsuwa cheMoneron, zororo pano dzive imwe yezvakanakisisa zvinorangarirwa kune mumwe mushanyi. Nzvimbo inoshamisa yezvimbo ino, uyewo kunaka kwepasi pepasi pemvura, haingasiyi chero mutashanyi asina hanya.