Political Geography uye Geopolitics

Political jogirafi - rudzi zvoupfumi uye evanhu jogirafi, izvo muganhu pamusoro nesayenzi enyika. Sezvo yakazvimirira mirayiridzo chesayenzi, izvozvo yakabuda panongova ichangopfuura: mune rechi19 - kwezana remakore rechi20. Its muvambi ichaongororwa reGermany geographer Fridriha Rattselya, uyo muna 1897 akabudisa bhuku pasi zita rokuremekedza iroro. bhuku rake paakatsoropodzwa nokuti akaridza imwe mhedziso kuti kubatwa ane simba kwehurumende uye muvakidzani simba kuumbwa. Zvikuru kwazvo iye akatambudzwa, kana vaibatsirwa zvokudya nevaNazi Reich zvinangwa dzinobatsira. Hazvina pfungwa Ratzel kwakaita yakaumbwa geopolitics, izvo muSoviet Union akaonekwa semudziyo kuti kukunda ndima.

Kana shoko rokuti, yakanga kutanga hwakatangwa musayendisiti Swedish R. Kjellén. MuSoviet Union, kufamba geopolitical pfungwa pasi wakaoma kudzora mamiriro, nekuti nzvimbo iyi zivo kushanda kwete yakatanga.

To musi, pfungwa iri kubatwa somunhu sayenzi pamusoro Regional kusiyana enyika mananara uye muitiro.

Saka, zvematongerwo jogirafi zvidzidzo:

1. Kuunza pose uye emunharaunda enyika mepu.
2. Miganhu kuchinja enyika miganhu.
3. Specificity weHurumende mamiriro.
4. Political blocs, mapoka uye mapati.
5. Polling Makambani panyaya dzavo spatial zvirongwa.

Vose Mapoka izvi zvinogona kudzidza nevasina pose uye nemakanzuru mumatunhu.

Wide mubereko nevaongorori ndiyo tinyatsonzwisisa ari geopolitical nezvenzvimbo munhu anoti, kureva, chaizvo maonero avo maringe vatsigiri uye vavakidzani. Political jogirafi ruchigona kusanduka nenguva, nokuti vaiona munhu muchikwata dzakaitika.

Cherechedza kuti kudzidza ichi ane nzvimbo huru dzakawanda:

1. Geopolitics, iyo Rinotarisira pose hurongwa.
2. Geographical gosudarstvovedenie.
3. Regional political sainzi.
4. Regional elites.

Political jogirafi uye geopolitics sezvo iri STRUCTURAL Kufananidzira nguva dzose pasi nekushandiswa nevatsvakurudzi vari mubasa Kuongororwa zvezvipfuwo uye dzimwe negwaro. Chokwadi chokuti geopolitics munyika akataura mutsetse mufambiro pachinhu hurumende miganhu. Inoongorora munyika kudyidzana pamwe nevamwe masimba, zvikurukuru, vavakidzani vayo.

Kana tikafunga nguva Second World War uye nguva "hondo kutonhora", vose pfungwa mirayiridzo iyi akatsvaka kuongorora zvikonzero zviri miganhu kukunda, pakatangwa nezvigadziko zvechiuto uye basa, uyewo muchiuto uye hurumende kupindira mukati mudziyo mune dzimwe nyika. Mupfungwa, geopolitics ano anewo zvakafanana nezvechii, asi ayo specificity kunoratidzwa chokuti uwane pfungwa kare rwakabhadharwa kuna misimboti yokuchengeteka dzakawanda.

Political jogirafi zvino kushingaira kukura kuva sainzi. Zvikurukuru kana tikafunga ayo geopolitical maitiro, kuratidzwa kwavo munyika nhasi iri kudyidzana. Apo Soviet Union yakaparara, paiva kuparadzwa yaivapo nemwero. Tanga zvakazadza rovira muitiro-nzira achibatsirwa vemauto ehondo, uye pfungwa zvenyika munharaunda uye muviri wayo Executive - United Nations - hakunganzi. Pakupindura zviito izvi kuonekwa Anti-kudyidzana kufamba, izvo nokukurumidza kuva nehasha.

Pari zvematongerwo jogirafi iri kukura pamwe mumagariro. Zvisinei, ichi rinobatanidza pakuonekwa mhosva masangano, hurumende, evakadzi uye chitendero. Zvinoshamisawo chaizvo maindasitiri tichitarisa rwokuzvarwa kuwanika zviri jogirafi uye tsika basa zvekutepfenyura.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti enyika mepu dzenyika zvakazara inoratidza nguva uye kuchinja kuitika mairi. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kuchinja yava ndavhiyiwa Muzana remakore rechi20, sezvo vaongorori dzinoti.