Tectonic mamiriro. The tanga tectonic Murongerwo

Tectonic maumbirwo - guru nzvimbo dzakaoma chokunze goko panyika. Vari parinoperera zvikanganiso yakadzika. Movement uye nemamiriro goko vari kudzidza muna yechinangwa anoranga sezvo tectonics akadaro.

tsananguro

Tectonic mamiriro kuongororwa kushandisa nenzvimbo Mapping, geophysical nzira (zvizivikanwe nemichina, zvikurukuru) uyewo kuchera. Kudzidza nzvimbo idzi rinoitwa maererano kugamuchirwa kupatsanura. Rinoongorora zvemaumbirwo svikiro uye duku chimiro kukura anenge 10 km mu muchinjikwa chikamu, tectonics - inotungamirwa guru, pamusoro 100 km. Chokutanga anonzi dislocations pakubhadhara siyana (discontinuous, injective nezvakadaro.). Boka rechipiri inoreva synclinoria uye anticlinoria mu akapeta munzvimbo aulacogens, syncline, anticline mukati mahwendefa, nhoo, perikratornyh subsidence. chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira pasi pemvura pusa uye kushingaira Continental varikumahombekombe, chikuva, geosynclinal bhanhire, nyanza, orogenes, pakati-makungwa anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, rifts, uye zvichingodaro. Ava kupfuura pamwero mukuru tectonic hurongwa akafukidza zvakaoma goko akadana lithosphere uye rakadzika.

kupatsanura

Superglobals dangwe tectonic marongerwo kusvika makumi emamiriyoni mativi mamita. ? km munzvimbo uye zviuru makiromita urefu hwayo. Vanokurukura ose Geological nhoroondo nyika pechikuva. Global tectonic maumbirwo - a inotungamirwa kuti atore ba miriyoni 10. ? km. kureba yavo kunosvika zviuru zvakawanda makiromita. Ya Kuvapo kwavo kunoenderana nezvawagara nezviitiko. Urongwa anenge subglobal tectonic maumbirwo yacho goko. Anogara munzvimbo mamiriyoni anoverengeka mativi mamita. ? km uye Anotambanudza nezviuru makiromita. Nguva kukura kwavo - anopfuura bhiriyoni 1 nemakore.

Main tectonic mamiriro

Based kubatana misha hama monolithic kure lithospheric mahwendefa. Pari, chikuru anozivikanwa 7 uye 11-13 duku kwokurangana. Aimbova inosanganisira Eurasian, North neSouth America, Africa, Indo-Australia, Pacific, Antarctic tectonic mamiriro. Nokuti maduku masangano anosanganisira Philippine, nemikonachando, Caribbean ndiro, womukokonati, uye nezvimwewo Nazca.

musoro inotungamirwa

Izvi tectonic mamiriro akaparadzaniswa lithospheric mahwendefa. Pakati pavo, kutanga kusiyanisa rifts. Vari rakakamurwa Continental uye nemakore-munyanza. Recent chimiro pose gadziriro, kureba kupfuura zvinoita zvuru 64. Km. Mienzaniso dzakadaro kunogona kushumira East African (makuru munyika), Baikalsky. Rumwe rudzi mhosva zvivako zviri rokuchinja nzvimbo nokupatsanura rifts perpendicular. Mitsetse yadzo kuenda chinjikira kusuduruka nzvimbo lithospheric mahwendefa, pedyo navo.

dandara

Vari anononoka-kutamira vanachandagwinyira crustal zvinogumbura. Nzvimbo idzi dzave zvakakwana refu danho okukura. Platforms zvakasiyana-Tiered matatu chivako. sekristaro ravo Chimiro aripo hwaro riri kuumbwa basalt uye girenayiti-gneiss akaturikidzana. The pachikuva dzoga sedimentary pabutiro. Crystalline nheyo akaturikidzana kuumbwa metamorphic pamatombo, muna yakaunyana pazvirugu. Zvose izvi zvakaoma kupaza pakukora ari dislocated kupindira (kunyanya acidic uye kuva avhareji sezvamunoita). Zvichienderana nemakore paumbwe hwaro, chikuva rakakamurwa muduku uye yekare tectonic ezvirevo. Wokupedzisira chiito sezvo musimboti makondinendi, achitora centerpiece yavo. dzidzo muduku yakaiswa arikunze yavo. In sedimentary pabutiro akaturikidzana ane vakawanda nedislotsirovannye the lagoon, pemvura uye zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko Continental kunayisa.

Noukomba uye mahwendefa

kwemarudzi aya tectonic hurongwa dzinoiswa maererano chaizvo ari Geological mamiriro. Shield akadana kuchikuva mugove hwaakange bedrock iri pamusoro pechiso, i.e. havana emadhaka. Rokuyamura ukomba dzinoturwa, sezvinoita ushe, nenzvimbo dzakakwirira uye zvikomo. Plates vari platforms kana zvikamu zvavo, ine simba sedimentary rukoko. inotungamirwa kwavo kunokonzerwa subsidence uye zvomumvura kudarika. The kwakaita nzvimbo yacho kuti ndiro migove kazhinji enderana pamapani uye Upland.

anteclise

Dzinomirira kupfuura zvakanaka paumbwe ndiro nomugove. The pemvura iri convex zvigadziko. The sedimentary pabutiro haisi dzinoratidzwa guru chinzvimbo. Órgãos anteclises kunze somugumisiro tectonic kukurudzira nzvimbo. Panyaya iyi, horizons zhinji varipo vari pedyo kunaka munzvimbo arege kutsiurwa mavari.

Arrays uye maberere

Vane emunharaunda hurongwa anteclises. Arrays vanomirirwa dzakakwirira zvikamu pavo. Ndivo hwaro kana panguva pamusoro, kana rinosanganisira sedimentary idzodzo of Quaternary. Maberere dana of arrays. Vari anomiririrwa elongated kana Isometric bhesimendi ichava nenguva yakanaka, kusvika dhayamita kuti 100 km. Mari vanopiwawo akavigwa pamaberere. Pamusoro pawo, ari sedimentary butiro rinomiririrwa muchimiro wakaderedzwa zvikuru okurwadzisa.

syneclise

Vane kunaka kupfuura super-Regional Zvivako ndiro zvivako. pamusoro wavo concave hwaro. Vari dzinoratidzwa sandara nechepasi uye kudzika chaizvo pamakona ose Dip pamusoro mawere. Syncline inoumbwa ne subsidence nzvimbo. Panyaya iyi, sedimentary butiro mukuru simba ravo vakasiyana.

monocline

zvivako izvi zvinosiyana tectonic idzodzo materu vakatsigira. angled Avo kuitika ndiyo kashoma kupfuura 1 dhigirii. Zvichienderana chinzvimbo zvakanaka uye kunaka zvivako, riri pakati kumiganhu Monocline wake chikamu kunogonawo zvakasiyana. Regional idzodzo kuti sedimentary pabutiro mubereko grabens, tsama, uye Chigaro. Recent kugara ane zvenguva chinzvimbo Kukwirira pemvura. Chigaro akaiswa pamusoro kunaka zvivako akavapoteredza, asi zvishoma akanaka.

orogen

Vari dzinoratidzwa unopinza kuwedzera pakukora yacho goko. nharaunda Mountain-akapeta vari yakaumbwa panguva convergence pamusoro lithospheric nzvimbo. Vazhinji vavo, kunyanya vechiduku, vanoonekwa ne kumusoro seismicity. Sezvo chinokosha pamusoro kupatsanura pakati kumatunhu zera gomo-akapeta anoshanda idzodzo. Zvinonzi yakaiswa pamusoro gotwe yakaunyana strata. Mountain neeSultan vakatsaurwa, saka pa:

1. Baikal.
2. Hercynian.
3. Caledonian.
4. Alpine.
5. Cimmerian.

kupatsanura iri kuonekwa nani zvemasanga, sezvo masayendisiti akawanda vanoziva chamazuva ose Kumbofungatira.

Peta-misa arrays

zvivako izvi zviri aumba somugumisiro revitalization pakati chinjikira uye kutwasuka tectonic kufamba mukati miganhu yacho kare akasangana uye kazhinji nechekare kuparadzwa hurongwa. Nezvenyaya iyi, nedanga-nechigumbuso Dendere iri zvinowanzoitika of Paleozoic uye yapfuura nezvishoma kumatunhu. Relief arrays, kazhinji rakafanana configuration pamusoro Bends dombo idzodzo. Zvisinei, izvi handizvo zvinoitika nguva dzose kuona zviri akapeta-chezvakaipa nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, mune vechiduku neeSultan gomo enderana anticlinoria zvivako uye synclinoria - intermountain zvimwiro. Mukati akapeta zvikamu, uyewo arikunze yavo dzinounzwa ukuwo, pamuuyo mazhinji zvanza uye mumipata. Pamusoro pemvura idzodzo aya akaronga zvinonyadzisa fragmental zvigadzirwa kunobva kutsemuka dombo idzodzo - molasses. Foredeep inotungamirwa ndiwo mugumisiro wacho subduction ose lithospheric nzvimbo.

Central Russian ndima

Mumwe zvikuru dzinongoitika kunzwisisa chinopiwa se rimwe guru nzvimbo geostructural nharaunda. Zvinogona pachikuva kana peta gadziriro yakati geologic zera. Mumwe sangano rine runoenzanirana okuti rokuyamura. Vose akasiyana okunze, osbenno nyika viomak. The kufarira anongofunga tectonic mamiriro Ural. In ino nehurumende zviri meganticlinorium randinogara anticlinoria anoverengeka elongated índico uye vakaparadzaniswa synclinoria. Last mutambo longitudinal mumipata, wokutanga - anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Key Uraltausky anticline anomhanya kuburikidza nedzidzo zvose. Sezvamunoita pamusoro Riphean deposits zvinganzi vakagumisa kuti paiva ndichibvunza subsidence munguva kuwanda kwavo. Panguva iyoyo akanga kakawanda akatsiviwa pfupi-rokuti kukurudzira. By kuguma Riphean yakatanga Baikal wakapetwa. Yakatanga kukwidza, nokuedza iri yeCambrian. Panguva iyi, anenge yose ikava kunyika yakaoma. Izvi zvinoratidzwa shoma chaizvo kuparadzirwa sediments, izvo anomiririrwa mitema schists Lower yeCambrian inotungamirwa, namatema uye quartzite. Tectonic maumbirwo Ural panzvimbo dzapasi weDanho Saka akapedza ayo zvinoumba Baikalian Kumbofungatira. Somugumisiro, Yakaumbwa zvimwe kupfuura avo vakasimuka pave paya nzvimbo. Nokupfuurira kwavo dzidzo hwaro Timan-Pechora kumucheto mukati East European papuratifomu.

Siberian tectonic mamiriro: Aldanskoye Highlands

Dzidzo munzvimbo iyi akaumbwa prehistoric Proterozoic gneisses uye schists. Vanopinda Precambrian of Siberian papuratifomu. Zvisinei, chinofanira kutaurwa pamusoro zvimwe kuti ane tectonic maumbirwo. Aldan Plateau akagadzirirwa meso-Cenozoic munhoroondo pakati kumaodzanyemba nzvimbo North Baikal uye pachikuva. In dzakawanda crystalline bhesimendi matombo vari pamusoro pemvura. Vari anomiririrwa wakaisvonaka-grained granites, yekare quartzite, anokosha uye gneisses. On kunzvimbo yakatenuka yokuchamhembe kune nzvimbo apo nheyo nhema ari kudzika anenge 1.5? Km. matombo ayo intruded ne granitic intrusions panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura Geological kukura.

European chikamu

Pano mubereko makomo Khibiny. Tectonic mamiriro ari dissected denudation akakwidziridzwa mumapani. Anogara munzvimbo Kola Peninsula uye yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Kuvakwa makomo Khibiny tectonic maumbirwo dzakatangira muchimiro intrusions uye dislocations. Vakatsunga kuti mamiriro enzvimbo. Alkaline kuko nzvimbo hunomiririrwa mumwe akaoma multiphase intrusions. It riri pamuganhu gneyskogo Archaean uye Proterozoic idzodzo Órgãos Varzuga-Imandra uye transverse kutsemuka mapazi kiyi iyo ichipfuura mutsetse p. Cola - p. Niva.