Makemikari yokuita ozone. Ozone STRUCTURAL fomura

Kumusoro misoro yedu, muna stratosphere panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 19-48? Km yepasi akapoteredzwa ozone. Zviri mhando okisijeni. Kana okisijeni Morekuru iri mhepo ine mbiri okisijeni maatomu zvabatanidzwa - O2, kuti morekuru zviri maatomu matatu akasarudzwa payakavakirwa ozone - O3. Zvinoita chezuva. Kana ultraviolet mwaranzi kubva zuva ichipfuura muchadenga, vanoparadza zvakajairika diatomic mamorekuru okisijeni. Mumwe vasunungurwa atomu dzakabatanidzwa kuva pedyo O2. Saka wezvamatongerwe makemikari yokuita ozone - O3.

Chii ozone?

Akasvinudzwa kekutanga ino gasi Fabry French yefizikisi uye Bruisson. Navo 1913, kwakati kwatemwa kuti zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri mwaranzi kuva wavelength kuti 200 kusvika 300 nm achishingaira kunyura mhepo Wepasi. Shoko rokuti "ozone" muchiGiriki rinoreva "kunhuhwirira", "inotapira". Munhu wose anoziva hunhu hwema gasi, kuitika mushure dutu. The okisijeni chipo mumhepo matatu allotropic siyana: O2 - samolecular, O - mabhomba uye O3 - ozone payakavakirwa icho vakawana nemakemikari wemishonga vaviri vokutanga.

gasi ehupfumi

The ozone rukoko chitete zvakakwana, anenge imperceptible. Kana vose mamorekuru negasi ichi, izvo kugara 29 km kubva muchadenga, vakabatana chete rakasimba idenderedzwa, Ukobvu aizogara chete chetatu sendimita. A kwazvo ozone mumhepo pamusoro pepasi. Apo motokari chiutsi magasi kana kugona chaibwinya mumhepo, chiedza chezuva ikasakendenga pamwe makemikari anobuda okunze, nokuumba ozone. Iye kunyanya akanzwa pazuva rinopisa, mhepo vakazadzwa smog, nokuti zvasvika anotyisa kwevari utano. Formula ozone fuma iri panyama kusagadzikana, uye kana yevasungwa kwayo mhepo vanopfuura 9% gasi rinoputika, saka okuchengetera kwayo zvinogoneka chete panguva yakaderera tembiricha. Pamusoro kutonhora kuti ⁰ C -111,9 gasi iri dzikwanise mvura.

zvakawandisa ozone

Munhu haagoni kurarama yakaisvonaka okisijeni, rinobatsirawo shoma ozone mumhepo, asi kunyanya pfungwa pazviri kunogona kuparadza. Fema hazvina zvakakodzera, nokuti chimiro ichi okisijeni kunogona kukuvadza mumapapu. Vatambi vane fema yakawanda mhepo nomuti ozone anganyunyuta kurwadziwa nekuomarara uye panguva inhalation. Miti kukura pamwe huru, apo mhepo yakazara chiutsi chiutsi, zvakare, vanotambura kubva nekumwisa ozone. Zvinoita gasi pamusoro penyika. Zvokuvamba zvirimo (chikamu chimwe chacho kusvikira makumi emamiriyoni dzimwe mhepo) chinobatanidzwa oxidative pezvakaitwa kuti kuitika panguva cellular pamwero ari mumuviri womunhu. In fomura ozone anoita somunhu oxidizing mumiririri mumwe chete okisijeni atomu maviri asara dzinounzwa muchimiro rusununguko okisijeni.

Useful ehupfumi

Ari kushanda kunoita zvizere Yakanatswa indoor mhepo, vatsvakurudzi vakaona ichiwedzera zvirwere zvevanhu vari mazviri. Chikonzero chaiva nyore - kusavapo ozone iri Yakanatswa mhepo kwakaita kuti kuvhiringidzika muviri. Kugara duku mishonga negasi anobatsira kudzivirira chirwere.

Chii kubata gasi? Akapiwa migumisiro kuedza izvi, masayendisiti vakagumisa kuti ozone inosvitsa kuparadzwa zvinenge zvose zvinowanikwa muna hunhu nemavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, majemusi, uye chakuvhuvhu uye mbiriso chakuvhe. Mukati maminitsi mashoma chikamu chiduku (payakavakirwa ozone O3) ari ity mhepo anobvisa zvose ngozi kuvanhu. Pashure ozonation - munhu wechisikigo kwacho zvakajairika kuti muviri. Kunyange nzvimbo ozone freshens mhepo substantially anobvisa mukana pazvirwere kuti kutakurwa mumate, neutralises utsi, huruva uye allergens, inorema nesimbi uye nezvimwe zvinokuvadza munhu mhepo zvinoriumba. Decomposing mvura, okisijeni uye carbon dioxide, yeimwe izvi vanorasikirwa toxicity yavo, zvisingafadzi kunhuwirira vanobviswa. Wapiwa ozone yemaitiro mu kemisitiri, ayo mukuru oxidation kugona vari kuwedzera kushandiswa disinfection mhepo uye mvura yokunwa.

Rukoko ari chinhambwe 20 makiromita pamusoro panyika, chokwadi, anodzivirira utano hwedu kuti absorbs ultraviolet mwaranzi. It anoita somunhu Sefa, ichidzivirira Earth pashamwari ultraviolet nemwaranzi. Pasina unodzivirira rukoko upenyu panyika zvaisazobvira. Rakaratidza kuti chirimwa uye mhuka upenyu akazviratidza Pasi chete kana kuumbwa simba nhoo zvakapoteredza kubva zuva nemwaranzi. Ultraviolet chiedza kunobatsira ganda kuwana yakanaka Tan, asi, panguva imwe chete, ndiye mukuru muparanzvongo kuti sunburn uye kukonzera kenza ganda.

The ozone Buri

Mumakore 70 apfuura masayendisiti kudzidza ozone rukoko pamusoro nyika, vakawana kuti mishonga inoshandiswa sefiriji, mhepo conditioners uye aerosols, anogona kuparadza ozone. Magasi kupinda mhepo nechimwe chiitiko kugadziriswa mano aya kana dzakasiyana aerosol pfapfaidzo. Maererano masayendisiti, zvinokuvadza magasi, pakupedzisira, kusvika ozone mamorekuru. Saka rezuva nemwaranzi zvabudiswa kuti kuiisa chlorine-fluorine kuiisa chlorine Mahydrocarbon, zvinoparadza ozone STRUCTURAL payakavakirwa, vachichinja kuva zvavo okisijeni. Saka, kudzivirirwa rukoko raparadzwa. Kunyange pashure pemakore 15, masayendisiti British vakaita anoshamisa akawana: buri guru iri ozone rukoko pamusoro Antarctica pakuiswa. Buri iri rinowanika chitubu ose uye otonga kukura anenge US ndima. Kana mhepo mirayiridzo kuchinja nokuda kuchinja kwemwaka, gomba yakazara ozone mamorekuru zvakare. Saka nhamba mamorekuru anozadza buri, sezvo dzimwe nzvimbo gasi rukoko kunova wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose.

Chii zvingangoisa mungozi rutapudzo pamusoro runodzivirira?

In yechando 1992 ozone rukoko pamusoro Europe uye Canada yava wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose nokuda 20%. Munzvimbo idzi apo nerokutarisira ari makobvu zvakakwana uye simba nemwaranzi anokwanisa dzinobvisa chaizvo yekudyidzana kunowedzera uwandu kenza ganda. Pamusoro Antarctica masayendisiti yakanyorwa zvikuru yakakwirira kwevari kuiisa chlorine monoxide, izvo inoumbwa kuparadzwa ozone kubudikidza kuiisa chlorine. Vanotsvakurudza vanofungidzira kuti kurasikirwa chete 1% of runodzivirira kunotungamirira kuwedzera kubatana pasi ultraviolet mwaranzi pana 2%, uye pamwe pacho, 3-6% kunowedzera uwandu kenza ganda. Ultraviolet nemwaranzi zvakare anoparadza zvirwere, zvichiita kuti munhu nyore nezvirwere. Ultraviolet chiedza anogona kukuvadza masero zvinomera zvose, kubva rekushongedzesa miti.

Sezvo ozone rukoko anobata kupisa, kana kudzikira mhepo pa Latitude iyi dzaserera kuchinja mhepo uye mamiriro okunze pasi rose. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti kukanganisa ari kuparadzwa rukoko pamusoro okunze mune ramangwana, vaongorori dzinofungidzira dzinongoitika nokuomesa munyika dzine, kurasikirwa chikamu zvinomera uye kushomeka uwandu zvokudya kana dambudziko kuparadzwa gasi iri kugadziriswa. Kunyange panguva kugumiswa mabasa evanhu kuti pave choutsi kuti kuparadza runodzivirira, zvaizoda kanenge 100 S kudzokera yapfuura padanho.