Kupatsanura ezvematongerwo enyika

Association midzi yezvematongetwo, chinhu chinokosha kukura kwenzanga. bato basa anosarudza basa rayo munzanga. Uye nhamba yavo kukanganiswa zvakananga pachiyero zvoupfumi, zvetsika nemagariro kukura.

mitambo World iri siyana chaizvo uye dzisingapindirani. Vamwe kugara kwenguva refu political kuuya, vamwe nokukurumidza kupera. Mitsetse imwe nguva kukasawedzerwa, apo vamwe inosanganisira chete zviuru zvishomanana nhengo. Zvakawanda munhoroondo ezvematongerwo enyika, kunzwisisa kwavo yezvakaita nesayenzi kwakaita theorists kuti systematize chiitiko ichi. Deep kupinda mumba musimboti mubvunzo kwakaratidza kupfuura hwokufananidzira zviratidzo vavo uye kuumba typology. Kupatsanura ezvematongerwo enyika hakuna. kusiyana kwavo kunobva chii chokuratidza ndiyo hwaro.

Nokudaro, kupatsanura ezvematongerwo enyika vanogona kuvimba mabasa avo, vachishanda nzira, magariro nechigadziko, dzematongerwe, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Kupfuura inobereka uye richizivikanwa aiva systematization pamusoro Duverger. Akatanga binary kupatsanura ezvematongerwo enyika. Zvakange inobva sangano upenyu mukati mapato, pamusoro musiyano pakati maumbirwo yavo. Saka, pana STRUCTURAL maitiro, yava kuzivikanwa shamwari zvinotevera:

1. Revashandi bato. Zvakavapo panguva iyoyo kuberekwa hweruzhinji apo kodzero sarudzo haana kuwanikwa nemunhu wose. Ivo vakaratidza zvinodiwa bourgeoisie, uye chete vakatsvaka kubatanidza yakawanda sezvingabvira zvematongerwo elites, pane kuwedzera pamisara yavo maererano nokuwanda nhengo dzeboka. Maererano miganhu musimboti cadre mapato kugadza makomiti. komiti Mumwe ane zvechigarire boka kurovedzera vane ruzivo kushanda pamwe paruzhinji. Chavainyanya basa - ndaitaurisa nezvekodzero dzevanhu uye sangano rayo. Vari mubasa kusarudzwa musarudzo kuti sarudzo. Pakati pachavo makomiti kazhinji chokuita. The mapato ichi mhando hapana kunyoresa, nhengo hurongwa, kuti hurongwa kuripwa nhengo zvakavakodzera. Izvi akabvumira Duverger akavashevedza dzevanhu. Kuti vakadaro kunyanya kuchinja uye norupo European kubatana.

2. Misa Party. Ivo kuonekwa pamwechete chisarudzo kuvagari vose kuvhota. Chikuru muupenyu mapato akadaro - kudzidziswa zvavo, paumbwe ayo vapfumi kwezvakatipoteredza. Vangave kurongwa musi muganhu hwaro, uye pamusoro kugadzirwa. Misa pati, kusiyana kwevanhu vanogara yakazaruka kunhengo itsva kuziva chitarisiko chavo. Izvi rinotsanagurwa kuvapo nemasangano tichiregeredza dzose mipiro nhengo dzayo. Kudikanwa wokuita mari nyaya zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti kushamwaridzana ichi chakaitika mukati nyore hierarchical marongerwo. Kusimbisa kubatana sangano akasuma webato hurongwa.

Shamwari Grassroots, uyezve, achiri akakamurwa zvitatu mhando:

- mukomiyunisiti;

- mugovanisi;

- yechiFascist.

Misa uye vashandi kumapati enderana akasiya ( "proletarian") uye zvakanaka ( "Bourgeois"). Masangano yechiFascist uri kunze, kubva, sezvo vakawanda, vane kodzero pamateru.

Uyewo, weboka kupinda vakawanda uye staffing anoenderana weboka kupinda mapato ane simba uye ane sangano simba. Songaniro Human vari decentralized. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kupa kune havaratidzi yakarongwa mapoka. Ndivo nechepakati zviremera havasi simba kuzvimirira makomiti.

Zvakafanana Songaniro vakawanda pane sangano simba uye centralized.

Zvishoma nezvishoma uye panguva imwecheteyo, dzose kuchinja kwetsika dzakabudirira kwakakonzera ndechokuti kupatsanura ezvematongerwo enyika, wakatangwa na Duverger, kwete nani, vaisanganisa uye kugadziriswa. Kunyange zvakadaro, mukuru weboka dzematongerwe uye zvinangwa kuramba chete.