Intifada - imwe Arabic ngwizhingwi kufamba. Chii Intifada

The Arab-Israeli kurwisana ndechimwe kupfuura zvombo uye kurwisana enyika, nokuti zvinopfuura mekushanda kuzvigadzirira masimba omoto atinoda ezvinhu kuMiddle East. Intifada - ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu unoshamisa Zvikamu okutambura ichi. It kwakaratidzwa mabasa yevagari kusateerera, uye zvakananga chiito wakashonga rinopikisa kumativi. Ngationei zvimwe zvinotaurwa intifada, akamutevera muBhaibheri.

Nhoroondo vechiArabhu-Israeli kunetsana

Asi kutanga kuva kunyatsoenderana pfungwa ezvinhu zvakazoita kuti chidzoke kufamba ichi, tinofanira yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora nhoroondo Arab-Israeli kunetsana.

Kunyange zvazvo kurwisana pakati pevaJudha uye navaArabhu vokuParestina kwakaitika kubvira kumugumo World First wons, pamwero chaiwo yavakawana chete pashure paumbwe hwaIsraeri muna 1948. Maererano neUN pakaitwa chisarudzo musi Palestinian nyika inosanganisira zvisikwa ane Arab mamiriro, asi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka pfungwa iyi haana kushandisa.

Nechekare panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa yaIsraeri ariko, anenge zvose muArabhia nyika akaramba kuti rive dzidzo pamutemo. Muna 1947-1949, vaIsraeri vaifanira kuenda kuhondo kuti rusununguko pamwe mubatanidzwa dzemaArabhu. Mugumisiro yaiva uchapupu kukunda Israeri. Kuwedzera rusununguko, itsva nyika akakwanisa akakunda zvinoverengeka munzvimbo, izvo nechinangwa uye asingauyi uvhure Arab mamiriro muPalestine.

Asi ichi kwaingova kutanga. Uchiteverwa vanoverengeka mukurwisana matsva. Uye zvinenge zvose vaIsraeri nesimba uye wedzera nyika itsva inogarwa maArab.

Saka, maererano nemakore 80s pasi Israeli basa raiva nharaunda anenge yose, iyo iri kuitirwa kuti uvhure Arab mamiriro pamusoro Palestinian nyika. Relations pakati paIsiraeri uye nevagari dzatorwa zvikuru zvakasimba, izvo akasika prerequisites chive havateereri uye kurwisana itsva zvombo. More Organization PLO akasikwa 1967 ane chinangwa ndiyo kubviswa kweutongi maigara (pedyo nezvombo uye enyika kutamburira) uye kugadzwa yakazvimirira State of Palestine.

Musimboti rokuti "intifada"

Zvino, ngationei chaizvo zvinorehwa "intifada". Pfungwa iyi rinoshandurwa sezvariri kubva Arabic se "chimurenga". The yakafara mashandisirwo zvasvika pakupera 80-ies ari XX remakore, kana dzatorwa vokuParestina akatanga sangano havateereri, kuva isina zvombo uye kunyange gandanga muchimiro hondo.

Saka, muArabhia intifada - kumukirawo of evaArabhu vokuParestina kurwisa vaitonga masimba.

MARARAMIRO chimurenga

Sezvo kare akati apa, muArabhia vanhu Palestine akaipa chaizvo mafungiro kurutivi veIsrael basa zviremera, uye avo, akavapindurawo, vairangwa vomunzvimbo, zvarakange sezvinoita muvengi. Maererano namaParistina pachavo vanoona kudzvinyirirwa veIsrael yaitonga vaiva utongi.

Pakarepo pamberi kutanga rokutanga intifada, kureva mukati 1987, akaurayiwa ari vokuIsrael shoma, chete munhu wakanga ari muchiuto. Izvi chinotonyanya pakutsamwisana uye mamiriro ezvinhu saka nekutambudzika. The mhirizhonga akatora vakawanda hunhu, uye zviito zvechisimba hwakaratidzwa mativi. Kunyanya zvinhu kwakawedzera muna Gaza Strip - Israeli Zvaainge Palestinian Territory, iyo pamuganhu neIjipiti.

Huni dzomoto akadururira kuramba weIjipiti uye kwaJoridhani Palestinian nyika. Ndizvo nezvevashumiri romunzvimbo maArab chaizvoizvo ndisina enyika kodzero, yave conserved.

Kuwedzera kukurumbira pakati pavagere dzatorwa akatanga kuwana masangano kukuru "PIJ" uye "Hamas". Zvisinei panyaya mabasa uye PLO.

Kutanga wokutanga intifada

Palestinian intifada akatanga muna December 1987. The tiwedzere nenyonganyonga navaArabhu semupi motokari tsaona yakaitika somugumisiro wacho kudhumhana pakati veIsrael muchiuto rori uye rori, kutakura vakawanda namaParistina. tsaona ichi akauraya vakawanda veko. The namaParistina vakagamuchira chiitiko chinorwadza sechipiriso kutsiva nemaune musi vokuIsrael.

Yakatanga vakawanda mafaro. Pakutanga sezvombo pamusoro vokuIsrael, namaParistina vakashandisa matombo nezvimwe pedyo, saka zita intifada rechipiri - 'hondo matombo ".

Zvimwe zviitiko wokutanga intifada

Israeli muchiuto pakupindura zvinobhururuka matombo pavo vakatanga kuvhura kunangidzirwa moto, mamwe kuwedzerwa zvinhu. The mukumukira chakapararira kumavirira pamahombekombe aJoridhani River, uye yechipiri yezana December akanga asvika Jerusarema, iro Israeri inokurukura rayo guru.

Yokutanga Palestinian Intifada kwakaratidza vazhinji pakati pokuita kuyaruka. Nokufamba kwenguva, mabwe kunze vapanduki vakatanga kushandisa "Molotov cocktaileja" uye pfuti. Zvisinei, hondo Israeli akanga serakaoma zvinhu paanopfuura vapanduki, izvo akwanise, pakupedzisira, kutsungirira navo.

Munguva yemuna, richiuraya vanenge zviuru zviviri dzomunharaunda maArab 111 vokuIsrael.

rugare zvibvumirano

Zvinokosha kuti intifada zviitiko pave mahwanda ari veIsrael muvanhu. VokuIsrael vakawanda vaida kuti tobvuma kuti namaParistina kuti achengetedze rugare uye kudzivirira kurwisana kwakadaro mune ramangwana. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti muIsraeri sarudzo mukukunda "rugare yebato" rinotungamirirwa Yitzhak Rabin.

Hurumende Israeli akasarudza kutaurirana Palestinian vatungamiri pamberi PLO vamiririri. Muna 1993, rugare zvibvumirano pakati Yitzhak Rabin uye PLO musoro Yasser Arafat akasaina Oslo, izvo zvakapa kuti kugadzwa Palestinian Authority. chiitiko ichi zvinogona kunzi sezvo okuguma wokutanga intifada.

MARARAMIRO chechipiri intifada

Kunyange zvakadaro, dzinokosha kupokana pakati vokuIsrael uye vagari Palestine - kunyangwe mushure kusaina of Oslo - haana kubviswa, uye ivo akazoshanda ari chinodiwa kuti mukakavadzane, anozivikanwa somunhu wechipiri intifada.

Wevakadzidza chikonzero yemuna mutsva kwaiva kushanya Ariel Sharon muna 2000, kusvika Temple Mount muJerusarema. NamaParistina akaona chiitiko ichi kutyora zvibvumirano, kunyange veIsrael divi vakasimbirira kuti, pasi zvibvumirano, kuwana rutumba iyi yakazaruka kuna vanhu vanozviti chero chitendero.

Chero zvazvingava, vakati chiitiko akashanda anowedzera chete, uye kwete mudzi chikonzero munhu mukumukira idzva inozivikanwa yechipiri intifada. Ndipo zita rimwe mosques ari mutemberi Mount.

Kutanga rechipiri intifada

The intifada wechipiri (intifada wechipiri) yakatanga mhirizhonga muna September 2000, pazuva iroro, apo paiva isingakanganwiki kushanya kune Gomo reTemberi. Mangwana acho nemhirizhonga akapindwa ezviuru zvevanhu.

Mauto Government vakashandisa kuzorwa navo nepfuti, izvo zvakazoita zhinji vaifira kumativi ose. Uyewo, veIsrael zviremera vaishandisa ndege kuti wakabhombwa wandei Palestinian kwevanhu nzvimbo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti intifada wechipiri muIsraeri, kusiyana wokutanga, Akaperekedzwa hombe kushatirwa pakati maArab pamwe Israeli citizenship.

Zvakazoitika wechipiri intifada

Zvichakadai, mukuru intifada muIsraeri rava nokukurumidza Virtual. Palestinian Masangano kukuru vakaita dungwerungwe nemagandanga kurwisa vokuIsrael.

Chinonyanya rinoita mupanduki mabasa anoenderana 2002. Achipindura, uto Israeli yaiitisa kuvhiyiwa "kuzvidzivirira Shield", iro akakwanisa kumisa zvinenge zvachose intifada munharaunda yaIsraeri zvakakodzera, asi, zvakadaro, vakaramba kusagadzikana mune Palestinian nyika. Zvisinei, gare gare kumukirawo akatanga kusviba, uye 2005 anenge chose zvikanyarara, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe matsime vanotenda wokupedzisira kuvakwa yechipiri intifada muna 2008 chete.

Panguva Kusanzwisisana pamusoro yose nguva kubva 2000 anopfuura 3.100 namaParistina uye vanoda kusvika chiuru vokuIsrael vakaurayiwa uye 2005. Kana tikafunga kuguma intifada muna 2008, nhamba yevanhu kuchawedzera yekudyidzana. Pakati namaParistina, zvichava anenge nezvishanu, uye pakati vokuIsrael - 1,200.

Migumisiro yacho intifada

mativi Vose vakaona kuti intifada - ndiwo nzira kuparadzwa, nokuti mune zvoupfumi kuita zvose VaIsraeri Palestinian Authority akaona chinokosha kuchembera, tisingatauri kurasikirwa neupenyu. Zvikurukuru nesimba rova toerisme maindasitiri, nekuti vashanyi vashoma vanoda kuenda kunyika vanoshingaira akavhiyiwa nemauto zvinoitiswa.

Kunyange pasina chibvumirano pakati namaParistina uye veIsrael hutungamiri haina zita renyu, asi vose vakaita zvimwe zvichemo. Saka, muna 2005 yeIsrael hurumende yakasarudza hwokupedzisira kushaya kubva Gaza Strip Israeli mauto, vanobva uye kutarisira. Uyewo, vatungamiriri venyika Palestinian kurwisa zvakonzerawo kuderera kusungika pakati pavanotaurirana.

Zvisinei, matanho aya, uyewo chibvumirano shure kwerekutanga Intifada, dambudziko ukama pakati maArab vokuIsrael havana vakasarudza, asi chete -oma mamiriro ano. The kupfuura mwero masangano Palestinian vakasarudza kuramba kurwisana, mukupindura iyo Israeri 2008 ichiitwa chaiyo kushanda muna Gaza Strip.

Kana uchakurati- intifada rechitatu?

Pachiitiko kuguma 2008 - KUTANGA kwa2009, veIsrael hondo kushanda muna Gaza Strip pamusoro sangano "Hamas", yokupedzisira ndokudana evaArabhu kutanga intifada wechitatu. Zvisinei, rutsigiro nevakawanda nokuti nyaya haana nevanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, mumwe intifada wechitatu haina kuzarurwa.

Zvisinei, vakapiwa kuti bhora ari akaunganidza kupokanidzana pakati vokuIsrael uye namaParistina vasina chakakonzerwa, tinogona kugumisa kuti kana musingadi kutora zvikuru matanho, mutsva kurwisana nezvombo pakati mativi hakudzivisiki. Uyezve, masangano akawanda Palestinian vanodavira kuti intifada - iyi ndiyo chete nzira kupedzisa rusununguko.

Uchapupu ichi inogona yakawiriranwa kurwisa, dzakanga kuzodzosera yakatanga kufamba muna 2012. Tinovimba kuti pakati vatungamiriri vose vokuIsrael uye namaParistina zvichavapo ivavo vari kutsvaka yakavimbika rugare rusingaperi kwemakore akawanda.