Kuruboshwe uye zvakanaka-bapiro mapato: musiyano uye zvakafanana dzidziso

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, mushure imba ose dzakavhenekera "yebhuruu chidzitiro", nhau dzakawanda isinganyengeri asina kutaurwa rworuboshwe Bapiro Bundestag, kana zvakarurama muparamende French. Mumwe wavo ine mutemo? Munguva Soviet, zvaiva pachena kuti kuruboshwe - zviri vateveri gutsaruzhinji, uye rworudyi, nekusiyana, dziri nyasha capitalists uye hwakanyanya kuratidza kwavo - vaNazi, vari zvakare National Socialist, veboka shopkeepers diki uye Bourgeois. Nhasi zvinhu zvachinja, uye vaviri akaonekwa anenge dzose dzakabuda pokuwa USSR. Vose kurudyi-bapiro mapato kuitika mune imwe imba yeparamende, dzimwe nguva dzakasiyana uye dzimwe nguva chose kuvhota anorenda, asi centrists vane.

Nei "kodzero" uye "vakasara"?

Anopfuura maviri emakore apfuura akatinhira Revolution French waiparadza poumambo uye hwokugadza Republican chehurumende. The "Marseillaise", rwakazokura rwenyika, pane shoko "machinda kuti Lantern" - mupfungwa rinoenda kundorangwa muhuro make. Asi utongi hwejekerere ndiyo yakasarudzwa, uye nhengo dzeparamende kubva noutsinye zvepamusoro vakanga vagere hombe meruvanze National Assembly, uye kuti pakanga pasina skirmishes pakati pavo, ipapo dzikarongwa. It kuitira zvakaitika kuti Jacobins vakasarudza nzvimbo kuruboshwe (Gauche), apo vavengi vavo - Girondins - nekusiyana (droit). Kubvira ipapo zvakaitika kuti enyika masimba kuti yakakura kusanduka evanhu upenyu, kuva kuruboshwe. Zviri pachena kuti vaKomonisiti akaratidza pachavo kwaari zvakakwana kurangarira "Left March" Mayakovsky. Right-bapiro mapato kutora zvinzvimbo akatarisana, sekunge vari kuzvikudza.

A zvishoma kwenhau ano, kana sezvo kuruboshwe anova kodzero

Pasi masirogani kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu vashandi kuti simba, kakawanda vatungamiriri kuti vakauya vanhu vavo taisireva kuuya. Zvakakwana kuyeuka German chanzera Adolf Hitler vakazivisa National Socialism. Munguva kutamburira yapurezidhendi, akavimbisa vavhoti makomborero akawanda, kusanganisira mukuru mari uye nokururama, kukanzura chinyadzo kuti vokuGermany Chibvumirano Versailles, basa vose, magariro inopikira. Kuva kwavo, chinhu chokutanga Hitler akabata ake enyika vavengi - akasiya Social Democrats uye vaKomonisiti, izvo zvishoma dzakaparadzwa panyama, mumwe ari "reforge" mumisasa yevasungwa. Saka akava kodzero, uchiteverwa vakatapwa Albert Einstein akaratidza kuti zvose ihama.

Mumwe muenzaniso. L. D. Trotsky akanga "wo akasiyiwa" kunyange V. I. Lenina. Izvi hazvirevi kuti mutungamiri wenyika proletariat zvakanga zvakanaka. Just imwe pfungwa pamusoro basa hondo panguva iyoyo sezvisingadaviriki utsinye, kunyange zviri Marxist. High chinhu Lva Davidovicha tumafuta kumutsamwira, kupetura, akapa zano noushamwari.

Asi kuti zvose kare ikozvino refu nonoka. Uye chii chinoitika kuna kurudyi-bapiro mapato nhasi?

Vavhiringidzika Modern Europe

Kana vasati 1991 zvaiva pachena, zvichida kwatiri, mumakore maviri emakore, pamwe tsanangudzo "pravosti" mune zvematongerwo enyika zvakanga tugovato. The Social Democrats, rakagara richidudzirwa vaiona levacheskimi, muna European Parliament nyore kupedza zvisarudzo ichangobva zvaigona kunge zvakasikirwa vavengi vavo, uye vakutarisire. Huge basa Pakusarudza enyika kosi zvino anoridza populism (kunyanya panguva yesarudzo), kusvikira pakukuvadza zvetsika platforms.

Kuruboshwe-bapiro mapato, dzinova Liberals, akavhotera vachida kupa mari kubatsira Greece, riri Hakupindirani rakaziviswa nzvimbo iri kuvandudzika kwemarongerwe evanhu wokuti dzavo vanhu. Ikoko, vari Zvisinei, uye akaramba noruremekedzo kuti Anti-Fascism. The Left Party muGermany vane kakawanda nomuromo vevatariri ake vaishora mutemo rutsigiro Merkel kwakaita wokuUkraine nationalist ehondo, nharo vakawanda Anti-oukuru uye Russophobic mashoko kubva kutaura pamusoro vatungamiriri "nemauto zvakarurama" uye sangano "Freedom".

The zvemari Dambudziko kuwedzerwa zvinhu. Pari European kuruboshwe uye zvakanaka-bapiro mapato munzira dzakawanda zvakachinja mabasa, apo kuramba chinooneka kubatana pazvose chokuita zvipikirwa kuvandudza mararamiro vomuUmambo dzavo.

"Right-bapiro" zvinzvimbo mune yaimbova USSR

Yaimbova Soviet Union dudziro enyika wezwi, "mufundisi" zvavo yakaramba zvakaenzana munguva Soviet. Right-bapiro mapato muRussia uye dzimwe nyika dzaiumba "vakasununguka chinoda" anoratidza papurogiramu magwaro avo zvinangwa, izvo, maererano vatungamiriri vavo, vanofanira kuedza vanhu, zvinoti:

- kuvakwa capitalist zvechokwadi vanhu;

- kwakakwana rusununguko Entrepreneurship;

- achidzikisa mutero mutoro;

- mumwe zvizere nyanzvi muchiuto;

- kusavapo kusenza;

- the kusangana nesimba munyika (verenga: Western) zvoupfumi, iyo pari kutambudzwa kukuru systemic dambudziko.

- rusununguko, kusanganisira kubviswa rose zvakawanda okurambidzwa kuti "nokukundwazve" kuti "dzisiri democratic hwechiKomonisiti." Vamiririri vakashinga zvikuru rworudyi bapiro kuzivisa "tsika European" kusvika kukurudzira madiro.

The siyana "rightism" siyana

Kunyange zvakadaro, raitonga Russian bato "United Russia" rinorevawo yeparamende bapiro, nokuti inotsigira kukura pamusika ukama. Mukuwedzera payo, mubhokisi zvakarurama kuita pasina "Kubatana uye Yababa", "Union Ezvakanaka Forces", "Apple", "Party pakati Economic Freedom", "Choice reRussia", uye vazhinji nevamwe shamwari yavose, akamira pamusoro nzvimbo yacho mazvake kwose ukama.

Saka, pangava kuva kwayo kuzvipokanidza rimwe divi mumusasa ezvematongerwo enyika, dzimwe nguva chakakomba zvikuru.

Sezvo waitsigira neDare Left

Setsika, kuruboshwe Bapiro dzebato muchifarira Kwemitambo nebudiriro gutsaruzhinji. Kune vaya vakanga dzinosanganisira:

- voruzhinji mari noutano uye dzidzo, izvo zvinofanira kuva pachena kuti vanhu;

- Kurambidza kutengeswa nyika vomunyika vatorwa;

- yekuronga wehurumende uye masimba pamusoro zvirongwa zvose zvinokosha;

- kukura mamiriro zvekutepfenyura hwenyika, mune imwe yakanaka - imwe rirambidzwe zvachose private zvebhizimisi

- kuenzana, Fraternity uye nevamwe.

The Left Party kweRussia akapa Vanguard - the Communist Party (chokwadi maviri mapati, uye Zyuganov Anpilova), uyewo avo Affiliates, "Patriots yeRussia", "agrarian", "National statists" uye nemamwe masangano akawanda. Kuwedzera kune nostalgic mugovanisi zvaMambo kare, dzimwe nguva kuisa mberi zvikuru kubatsira uye musoro matanho.

Ukrainian mutemo

Kana Europe zvakaoma kunzwisisa pamusoro dzidziso, ipapo (kana mu) Ukraine kwakaoma zvisingaiti kuita. About capitalism, gutsaruzhinji, liberalism kana vaiva inokosha achishandisa kugadzirwa, pano hazvipindi. The chikuru kutituma pakutsanangura enyika uye zvoupfumi nezvinangwa panguva imwe chete uye ane ukama Russia, izvo zvakanaka-bapiro mapato muUkraine anonzi nyika zvikuru noruvengo. European kusarudza - zviri chimwe chinhu icho havasi urombo Munenge chinhu: hapana vakasara maindasitiri uye kushandira pamwe mabhizimisi kana zvavo vanogara. The apotheosis kuti muitiro uyu mudzimba zvematongerwo enyika aiva nomukurumbira wakashata "the maidan", zvingava hahuzogari. Vanonzi "Sector Right", pamwe nemamwe Ultra-zvivako, ikava paramilitary sangano kuti akagadzirira kuita basa madzinza.

The Left kuUkraine

Ukrainian left- uye zvakanaka-bapiro mapato kuramba anopikisana. Munguva yose ariko yakazvimirira mamiriro musimba paiva chete vatsigiri musika zvinhu Zvisinei, iyo, akanga nokududzirwawo pachangu chaizvo. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko "Kuruboshwe Bloc", zvinosanganisira Socialist, yavo, asi mberi, All Ukrainian Party pamusoro Workers, uye, chokwadi, vaKomonisiti, nguva dzose vanopikisa. Izvi zvinhu, kune rumwe rutivi, zviri nyore, nokuda kushaya basa kuti chii chiri kuitika munyika, Ukuwo kunoratidza kuti nevatambi kuti Marxism kwakakurumbira chaizvo pakati vanhu musashandisa. Chaizvoizvo, vaKomonisiti akafanana ezvinhu Russia. Musiyano uri mumwe, asi zvinokosha. nhasi In kuti Ukrainian kuruboshwe yeparamende - chete nokushora mubatanidzwa, anodzivisa vanotyaira nationalist hurumende.

Ndivanaani zvakanaka, asi mumwe munhu akasiya

Saka, kunzwisisa "leftism" uye "rightism" munyika dzokuMadokero nyika uye nyika post-Soviet dzinosiyana chaizvo. Pari wokuUkraine "pravoseki" anokwanisa kurwadzisa vagari uyo akamboda sunga musi Victory Day pamusoro ruoko St. George Ribbon, achizivisa "separatists" akadaro uye "Colorado", uye kana zvichaita mari kungonyaradza mhingaidzo, hachisi rakaipisisa kuzvipedza.

Saka, mumwe nomumwe wevaya rwoga rakava pakati kuruboshwe, zvisinei ukama hwavo pfungwa nokudenga gutsaruzhinji. Panguva iyoyowo, European kuruboshwe uye zvakarurama kumapati akasiyana chete rwaikosheswa vebato mireza, dzimwe pfungwa chepurogiramu uye mazita.