KV. Tank "Klim Voroshilov". KV-1 tangi yeSoviet

Pakazosvika pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II, vakabata chero hondo munyika hahuzi inorema matangi. Kunze kwechinhu chimwe chete. The Red Army vakanga.

Nei tichida inorema Matangi

The hondo - ndiko, pakutanga, basa, nesimba, tsvina uye ngozi chaizvo. Varwi zhinji nguva vakazvipira nokuchera muvhu. The zvakawanda achaita dzokubvisa ivhu, dzakanga mikana yokupona. Kune dzimwe mhando basa, kwete shoma nguva-pakuzadza, uye nokuda mumwe nomumwe wavo kunoda yakasiyana chokushandisa. Kuti anobhomba pamusoro nomumwe pfungwa huru haazoiti rinorema bhomba - vanoda kurwisa. Kuparadza maindasitiri zvinogona romuvengi, murwi haafaniri kushandiswa, panofanira kuva inokosha Ndege, uye panofanira kuva nezvakawanda. Light Matangi zvinodiwa kuti yakadzika uye kukurumidza vachirwisa, yokunzvenga muvengi kuzvidzivirira uye kuumba "muhomwe" umo guru dzakabatana muchiuto, kunyimwa wedzerai uye kukurukura, haagoni refu kurarama. Kana tikaswedera munhu Ringanidzo pamwe kushanda chokushandisa, yavanobata mashandiro chipande, kuchinja uye yakakodzera. Asi pane mamiriro ezvinhu kana uchida chinhu kupfuura simba, uye hasha ane mukuru haana kukosha (demo Somuenzaniso, kana demo). Heavy Matangi anodiwa kana vapenyu swoop akavakirirwa zvinzvimbo kutora, kana hazvigoni vadarika, uye zvinotora nenzira yakarongeka yokumbozorora, akasimba frontal kwechirwere, destructional uye tsitsi.

inorema uye ropa kurwa yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia akauya December 1939. Zvinotyisa kuchitonhora, chando kumusoro muchiuno chake, pasi doro, uye oma. Kana mamiriro okunze wedzera zvimbambaira, kuziva miedzo iri matambudziko; basa nemasoja akavanda; pakarepo yomuka Classified emplacements akadzivirira makobvu Akazadzisa kongiri; polar usiku, mwoyo kuti psyche; nekusagona kuti moto uye anodziya zvachose; boulders, zvakavigwa, zvakare, pasi chando, uye zvikuru, kuzoti, zviri pachena, "sei saka refu kubatikana nezvinhu zvishoma Finland zvimwe mhando". The rakaoma budiriro "Mannerheim Line" kokutanga akaita basa rinokosha inorema matangi. The Soviet Union kumeso paitonga Stalin utungamiri yakasarudza kuumba yakakwirira-dzinofambiswa warrior chibhakera pamberi dzimwe nyika. The Finnish War akatora chikamu experimental ivhu, kunyanya pamusoro QMS. December 17, vachiedza kukunda akakomberedzwa Hottinen, mumwe wavo ari kurasa rechi20 Brigade detonated ane Anti-tangi yangu. The vashandi haana kutendera Nokurasikirwa, asi aitofanira kusiya motokari. Rakanga mumwe zvikumbiro of chombo itsva.

Heavy tangi sezvo kupangidza uto dzidziso Soviet

The muchiuto Indasitiri hapana zviri kuitwa nokuda kwechikonzero. Zvakaoma kufungidzira nezvevashumiri I. V. Stalin ndiyo vagadziri ose warrior motokari uye, puffing pa nyere ake, anoti: "Uye itai kwandiri kweminiti rinorema tangi. Ndinoda nayo. Caprice kwandiri akadaro ... ". Muchiitiko chino, hapana mamiriro haana mari yakakwana kusangana kupfuura kukurumidza basa adzivirire miganhu yayo. Kwete, ose mabasa vakanga akaisa muna Kremlin ari unyanzvi, vave isimbiswe.

Vagoronga kurwa muchina rinonangana nezvinodiwa ano kuti varwise zvombo, akatanga kumavambo 1939, kuita chisarudzo State Committee musi Defense, vakagamuchirwa muna December 1938. Maererano nedzidziso uto Soviet Union, vachirwa panyaya kunogona (uye anokarirwa) hondo aifanira kukudziridzwa mundima muvengi pasi yayo mikukutu kushorwa yekare kare yemagwaro. unhu kurwisana kwakadaro akabvunza zvimwe zvekushandisa nzira, naizvozvo vagadziri vakapiwa runoenzanirana TK. Chirevo yakanga kuti kuburikidza rakafara pakakoromoka ari kuzvidzivirira mitsetse kuchaita mberi anokwana zviyero makuru, akashongedzerwa nechiedza kutsanya tangi Bt-kirasi, akakwanisa kufamba mumigwagwa panguva kumhanya. With zvichida iyi Muchiitiko, pamwe wakakwana mhepo ukuru, kukunda akavimbiswa shoma varasikirwa.

Start zvakagadzirwa mabasa

Akatungamirira pamasikiro QMS tangi Zh. Ya. Kotin, Chief Mugadziri fekitari Leningrad Kirov. The zita rokuyeuchidza ichangobva vaurawa mutungamiriri, musoro sangano yebato, "paucheche vechimurenga." Imwe motokari yakazokudziridzwa achitungamirirwa A. Ermolaeva ari pedyo fekitari nhamba ane 185, rainzi T-100. Magadzirirwo Pfungwa makore iwayo kwakanga multidirectional, zvikurukuru, mumwe mukuru mirayiridzo iri mvura yaro yakaita rusvingo zano umo moto zvekutepfenyura aigona kuva tenderera. At SMK uremu kwakanga kwakakura, uye pachinzvimbo shongwe vatatu vakasarudza kumisa maviri kuvandudza inoyerera kuita uye Réservation.

Zvisinei, nokukurumidza pashure kutanga chirongwa basa boka vanodzidziswa kudzidza Wammen (Military Academy of Mechanisation uye motorisation) navo. Stalin rinotungamirirwa NF Shashmurina, zvinganaka kuenda mberi, kubvisa rimwezve shongwe (izvo vechiduku nenyanzvi vakawana kunyanyisa), gadza Diesel pachinzvimbo peturu injini uye kuderedza chassis pamusoro rollers maviri. Kutaura zvazviri, chikwata intuitively vakasvika zano, razova chinhu chaiwo kwemakumi akawanda emakore mberi kwavo dzimwe navo, vakabvuma pfungwa chete mashanu.

Saka akaberekwa reSoviet KV-1 tangi.

Kubva vanodhirowa kuti simbi

Kuunza monkey-shongwe tangi basa kutungamirira mugadziri N. L. Duhovu. Achiyeuchidza kuti kunonoka zvaiva nengozi muna Stalin makore, nhasi hapana anoda. kunonoka Chero zvingaita iya kuti ive shoma repamusoro basa, vari quilted bhachi uye ane jeko kana demo. Mugadziri mukuru KV komuredhi Midzimu kukurira basa. By August inorema Matangi KV uye QMS takanga vakagadzirira uye akapa State Committee, uye muna September Kubinka yekuratidza yakadengenyeka pamwe nokuomba injini panguva anovanza itsva yokutevedzera. Zvakafanana nokukurumidza vakatora kugamuchirwa kwavo kupinda pabasa, akanga atova "kusunungurwa Mushandirapamwe" kuna Finland, uye unyanzvi ichi kwaikosha. Designers wo kuziva kunyatsoshanda okukura. Tank 'Klim Voroshilov "akaenda kuhondo.

Sei Zvakanaka hf-2

Mannerheim mutsetse kwakasimbiswa kwazvo. Kusiyana Maginot French, iye akazorora pamukova micheto pachiwi (kumadokero Gulf Finland, iri kumabvazuva Ladoga), uye kumativi zvakanga zvisingabviri. Akavaka masvingo vaiva nounyanzvi, rurefu mwero kuzvionera dzose anodiwa kwezvivako nokuda kwokudzivirira. Kazhinji, rinorema tangi KV akaratidza zvakanaka, asi 76 mm caliber pfuti haana kukwana kuputsa zvakasimbisa kongiri zvivako, rukoko ivhu yakavanzika. Zvinodiwa chinhu anobudirira Somuenzaniso, 152 mm howitzer, waiva atova mubasa, kunyange aida simba tarakita tarakita nokuda kwayo chokufambisa. Leningrad vagadziri ane dambudziko itsva: chokubatanidza zviviri zvinokosha okunze, kanoni uye yakawana chassis, asi achiri nechokwadi rakavimbika kudzivirira vaunoshanda kubva pfuti rakarira. Saka paiva KV-2 tangi-kurwa, chinangwa kupwanya chero masvingo.

Munguva interwar nguva

The Finnish War, kunyange zvakanga ropa, akakurumidza kupera, asi, pasinei ichi, kugadzirwa rinorema michina, kusanganisira rwokukomba mhando mberi. Sezvo February 1940 Tank "Klim Voroshilov" mushanduro maviri raparurwa nyaya pamusoro LB (Leningrad Kirov fekitari), uye kutanga muna June uye CTZ (kuChelyabinsk chirimwa inonzi tarakita). Nechido mumakore iwayo akanga yakakwirira zvikuru, wokutanga Zvakanaka hf Ural ungano kubva chitoro nokukurumidza, uye kuvaka kugona akavaka munechimwewo chivakwa, kukura zvingareva mukuru kwazvo mukana. Hatina kurega basa uye kugadzirwa zvikwata, apo kuramba kuvandudza hwokugadzira kuita uye kugadzirisa akazivisa pokuperevedza panguva yokurwisana. Mumatsutso ramakumi mana vanofanira kuonekwa ivhu mbiri itsva inorema dzokurwa 90 mm ane zvakawanda simba atirari zvombo (85 mm caliber, ine kunyange vasingagoni hope kwematangi zororo nyika). Panozopera gore zvakanzi akaronga imwe vaRafa, nguva ino ine 100-mm kudzivirirwa. Michina ava muchivande kukura, dzinonzi zvinhu 220, 221 uye 222. To hapana aiziva ...

Tichienzanisa zvinogona muvengi

Muna 1941, zvakanga akaronga kubereka 1200 rinorema michina, kunyanya Zvakanaka hf-1 - 400 Zvakanaka hf-2 - 100 (akanga ane chaizvo chaizvo basa, uye kudiwa zvakanga pazasi) uye Zvakanaka hf-3 - vakawanda 500 zvidimbu. Uye chete muna Leningrad! Chimwe 200 inokwana zviyero vaifanira kupa CTZ. Muna 1949, rinorema tangi KV-1 uye KV-2 supercarrier vaberekawo, uye vakawanda (243). Vose Red Army, paiva 636. A mugove zvishoma kana? Vanyori vezvakaitika kare Soviet, achitsanangura zvikonzero nokukuvadzwa muzhizha ra1941, akaratidza maonero kuti matangi ano isu kushaisa. Zvisinei, vakakanganwa kutaura chokwadi chokuti Wehrmacht vakayambuka pamuganhu USSR, une dzimwe dzayo dziripo zvishoma Matangi kupfuura zviuru zvitatu, uye vari zvose pasina chakasara, vakanga munyoro. Uyezve, zita idzva navo zvakaoma. European blitzkrieg aiva Chokwadi, mafaro vanofamba, asi injini haana basa, iye Akapfeka kunyange kutyaira motokari mumugwagwa huru yakanaka chaizvo. Car vakabata muFrance neCzechoslovakia, zvakare, haana kuenda chero kuenzanisa kunyange zvedu nyore Bt. Romania, mutsigiri Nazi Germany, uye akanga zvombo zvachose "Renault 17" (17 - Year uyu, 1917 ndipo), muna USSR, paiva 2 zvinhu, vakanga mumamiziyamu.

Asi, inguva kurangarira kuti kwete chete unobereka inorema Matangi muSoviet Union. Paivawo paavhareji, T-34, vakanakisisa munyika, uye vakanga vavaka chaizvo. Uye chiedza, avaindipa isina kumboitika nhamba makopi. Uye maoko, uye zvombo nedziviriro, uye kuita injini (kunyanya, nenzira, Diesel, B-2, hakuna munhu aigona hapana munhu munyika kudzokorora kusvikira hondo) ivo rakapfuura unyanzvi Wehrmacht. Soviet KV kwakaita mid-1941 asina analogues.

patani

Panguva iyo prototypes wokutanga zvichibvira Soviet tangi mafekitari kubvumirwa kushandisa zvemberi ruzivo. About chero riveted mapfundo kunyange harina, nyaya iri chinoitwa nomoto. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune turret, izvo zvatowedzera kunaka nokushandisa tselnolitevoy nzira. Pakukora zvombo ndiro raiva 75 mm. Nadzurudzo magadzirirwo nezvaanogona kubvumira kuti mberi kuwedzera kudzivirira anosvika 105 mm kuburikidza nekuisa zvokuwedzera nekiyi broneekranov, asi muna 1941 hakuna German-bhodhi pfuti uye pasina izvozvo aisakwanisa yakarova tangi KV-1.

The vakawanda zano aiva chaiwo of Soviet warrior motokari rechipiri hafu thirties (vakazobvumirana se muenzaniso nokuda mainjiniya munyika yose): rwemberi kupfuudzwa, dzakakudzingai ari hwindimiri mugodhi, vachida bhuku, Wamasimba Diesel nepfuti caliber 76 mm (L-11, F-32, uye gare gare zis -5).

chassis

Engine V-2K aiva moyo muchina uyu, pakukwanisa kwayo iri 500 zvapano pa injini kumhanya 1800 RPM / s. Multi-ndiro kukweshera yedzimudzangara aiva zvakagadzirwa zvaunokanganisa, chinowanzoonekwa kuramba, nokuti harina kugadzirirwa kumanikidzira vaifanira kuchinja nokukurumidza inorema muchina sezvo KV (uremu hwake vakapfuura matani 47), kunyanya munguva rachulis maviri okutanga (kwaiva 5).

Hwaro chassis akashanda munhu torsion kuturika kuti zviduku mugwagwa mavhiri (kwaiva nhanhatu parutivi rumwe norumwe). Sagging makonye yaipotsa mamwe kutsigira rollers, rollers, matatu nerimwe. Kusvikira 1942 vakanga akafukidzwa rabha kuderedza ruzha, asi nokuda kuperevedza zvokuvakisa ichi "muumbozha" yaifanira achasiyiwa. Makonye vakaita paupamhi (700 mm) kuderedza chaiyo mutoro pasi.

nezvombo

Experience chiito pamusoro nezano muvengi, vakagadzirira kukwira kundorwa tangi pamwe dende Molotov cocktaileja, kuisa mutemo mutsva - kukwanisa kuumba yakawanda kwejira moto. Kuti vagadzirise dambudziko iri, mumuchina akashongedzerwa vatatu muchina-pfuti, mumwe yakatumirwa shure kudzivirira injini mupanda. Chimwe pfuti turret akanga akafukidza kubva mhepo kurwisa. Free rwomumwoyo nzvimbo izere ergonomically zvombo, zvakakwana kuitisa hondo nezvakawanda refu (135 vaitenderera uye 2770 vaitenderera). Weapon Akarurama rinopa Manyiminya midziyo zvinosanganisira kuona (TOD-6 teresikopu, periscope PT-6). Mukuru akapa mukana kuona munhu muchidimbu akanaka. Mune tangi muhondo purogiramu vaiva vanhu vashanu, vanogona kutaura nokuda paintercom, zvokunze kukurukurirana inopiwa kanotakurika 71-TK-3 kana IOP.

Vanenge 48-savi chinhu yakakura inogona kusvika nokukurumidza 34 km / h uye aiva upenyu basa 250? Km. Ndizvo chaizvo.

Pakutanga muhondo huru

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti hondo yakatanga muna zvikuru vanoshorwa ezvinhu nokuda USSR. Kudivi rimwe, matambudziko vaNazi akanyevera siyana uchenjeri manyuko, Ukuwo, zvakanga chaizvo musoro. Kana wevasungwa wemauto German mwero aizivikanwa, nokuti akanga asina zvakavanzika uye kusada of Wehrmacht kuti zvechiuto chiito pamusoro Soviet Union, aiva kushaya zvipfeko uye kuchitonhora nemishonga mafuta. Kunyange zvakadaro, Hitler akapa kuti arwise miganhu yedu, uye vazhinji Soviet nemauto zvenyukireya zvakaparadzwa kana akabatwa murwisi. KV akaita chaizvo ndisingafungiri, sapamazuva German Raira masoja ari Eastern Front. The chaizvo pamberi muvengi seshato, pasinei anobudirira advanced vanyura Soviet Union, kwakaita kuti kujeka pfungwa dzavo rwokugadzira backwardness. Nekushamisika vokuGermany zvaiona akakunda dzavo huru propelled howitzer KV-2, uye vakawana kuti pedyo kumatunhu ari KV-1 rambidza pevane masimba mberi rechiuto. Chimwe nyaya yaiva simba kubudirira izvi zvikara munyika kuzvidzivirira hondo. Kana tsamwisa zvaanofanira "utsi," muvengi kubva kuhondo, ipapo vakatasva ari trajectory of projectile - izvi chete zvaunoda. Fire inowira mumusoro agere dzinochengeterwa varwi kubva kudenga, uye hapana nzvimbo yokuhwanda. Asi kufungisisa kurwiswa vanoda trajectory flatness kuti cheka iri mberi uye cheni ranwa unyanzvi. Rakaratidza maturo sezvo mumapapu, uye panonyanyisa matangi. The Soviet Union haina kugadzirira mupomerwi.

Wehrmacht nyanzvi muchiuto, Chokwadi, vakanzwisisa zvairehwa akabatwa michina. kudzidza Its, kuwedzera kuziva simba Soviet kudzivirira indasitiri, akaita kuti zvibvire kuti kuita mamwe zvakawanikwa uye. Iye akasimbisa chinangwa Stalin kuzorwisa Germany uye KV. Photo pakati dzaparadzwa warrior kukombwa zvombo zvinoshandiswa uye Goebbels 'manyepo sezvo hwokuti hasha zvinovavarirwa Bolsheviks. Vamwe atora Wehrmacht akashandisa muchina dzavo zvavanoda.

WT mapapu nedzimwe ivhu tsamwisa uri kupandukira kugadzirwa sezvo zvisingakoshi ichi ezvinhu. The zvinoitirwa uye warrior 152mm howitzer. Zvaiita kuti yakadaro wematambudziko zvinowira vose "Klim Voroshilov". Asi nhoroondo akasarudza kudaro. Pasinei chokwadi kuti akatevedzana KV Matangi mune zvinenge zvose muduku T-34, kugadzirwa yavo yakaramba kunyange rakakombwa Leningrad. Nezvikonzero pachena, kuita kugadzirisa kwacho kutenderera zvakanga zvisingaiti pano, uye warrior mberi akarayira, saka kuti michina kusunungura kwete chete akatendeuka, uye kunyange kuvakwa unobva simbi uye Izhora zvinomera. Saizvozvowo taita uye "Tankograd" guta kuChelyabinsk. Aiomerwa injini B-2: huru inogadzirwa kugona pamberi hondo dzaiva Kharkov, uye aitoita nevaNazi. Kubva kuoma ichi nokuzvisarudzira kuti peturu injini M-17, izvo, chokwadi, akaderedza kurwa nezvaanogona pakati mabikirwo.

"C" rinoreva "kutsanya"

Pasinei nokuti ano hunhu Kurwa kunosanganisira kurega yakaderera-nokukurumidza warrior, nhoroondo tangi KV-1 haana rapera. Apo vazhinji zvinokanganiswa motokari ichi, uye iye aiva zvakanaka pachena, zvakadai kudzivirirwa zvakanaka uye yakakwirira permeability. Low kukurumidza chinoratidza midziyo yokukomba, akaita vachiedza kuchinja zvechadenga "Klimov" kune ano rinoshamisa dzeminda. Chaioneka KV-1C, izvo vakawanda yakaderera kusvika 42,5 m. Akanzi asvika "nenyama" dzokurwa rive dete, makonye uye kudzikira akavarambidza zvakadaro zvombo projectiles 94 (Papera 114). Uye kufunga zvinotaurwa varwi kuti gearbox, zvakanga chikatsiviwa kupfuura akakwana. Svikiro tangi achiri kundikana, T34 rairema zvishoma matani anopfuura 30, uye panguva imwecheteyo simba chirimwa yakanga zvikuru maneuverable. Uye akawedzera kuti zita tsamba "C" rinoreva "kutsanya".

dzimwe okunatsiridza

Muna August 1942, akapinda itsva muenzaniso warrior motokari, KV-85. Raiva nadzurudzo hwakarongwa chete KV-1C, musiyano waiva caliber turret pfuti (pa pfuti DT-5, zviri pachena mazita avo, kwakanga 85 mm), kuderedza vashandi vanhu mana (akaratidza zvisingakoshi murwi), unocheka zvombo apo kuramba chete chassis. Neshongwe yakaitwa vachikanda.

Paiva nezvimwe kuedza kushandisa anobudirira divi ba. Pahwaro anozvipira propelled pfuti dzavo dzakavakwa, akasika Crawler "warrior", vakabata maviri kana kupfuura pfuti kuti calibers siyana (CV-7), 122-mm howitzers U-11. Pashure pokukunda pana Moscow, zvakava pachena kuti kurwisa hakudzivisiki, uye kamwe akatora mimwe kunogumbura zvombo zvakare. KV-8 akanga externally rakafanana kumumvuri, uye kunyange siluetti wake simulated nokuda chaidzo zvemaoresa unoratidza imwe atirari dhiramu, asi zvakanga flamethrower. Pfuti ari shongwe unowanikwa nomwero mumazuva iwayo "EP,".

Pakanga pane mamwewo marudzi ebetsero michina kwakavakirwa chassis Zvakanaka hf: Recovery kubva kuhondo zvaparadzwa motokari uye nematarakita anofamba.

Zvakanaka hf uye "Tiger"

KV tangi mugumo waiva kare kwete akabudirira chaizvo. In yokutanga yezana hondo, akanga zvishoma kudiwa, vaifanira zvakasiyana nzira, uye pakazosvika nguva yezwi revarwi Soviet muna inokosha tsamwisa yechinyakare. Kune rinorema itsva IS matangi, hunhu iyo correlated pamwe unhu Zvakanaka hf, sezvo Iosifa Stalina enyika uremu kwaikosha zvinokonzerwa Political Bureau of "wokutanga dzvuku mukuru".

Pakutanga kwezana 1942 uye 1943 vake, vanhu vokuGermany akazviratidza "Tiger". muchina uyu aiva kunonoka uye rinorema, ayo chassis vari kunyange zvishoma yakavimbika kupfuura Zvakanaka hf, asi 88-mm pfuti akamupa mukana varove zvinesimba warrior vanonangwa ari nechokure, haana kubvumira kuti kudzokera moto. Muna February 1943, nokuti zuva rimwe panguva Leningrad akauraya 10 Zvakanaka hf-1, iyo akapfurwa kure vatatu "Tiger". Kubvira muna 1943, kugadzirwa yavo rakaderedzwawo.

mupiro wake Victory KV Matangi achine, uye uchapupu ichi ndiyo Zvivako zhinji yakavakwa vachikudza kwematangi zvedu mumaguta akawanda kuburikidza ayo akatsvaira yomoto mugodhi kurwa. Yeuchidza kamwe muedzo muchina uye heroism pakati vashandi shure, Cova munondo vakundi uye kuzvitsaurira kusvika inopenya pazororo redu.